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    AVR Microcontroller: Prepared By: Eng. Ashraf Darwish

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    HectorLopez
    This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.

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    AVR Microcontroller: Prepared By: Eng. Ashraf Darwish

    Uploaded by

    HectorLopez
    52 views27 pages
    This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.

    Original Description:

    7

    Original Title

    Session #7

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    This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views27 pages

    AVR Microcontroller: Prepared By: Eng. Ashraf Darwish

    Uploaded by

    HectorLopez
    This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADC) and their use with AVR microcontrollers. It begins with an introduction explaining the difference between analog and digital electrical quantities. It then discusses the concepts of ADC resolution, reference voltage, and error. It explains how the Atmega16 has 8 ADC channels and describes the ADC registers that control the conversion process. Finally, it provides an example of using an LM35 temperature sensor with an ADC to read analog temperature values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    AVR Microcontroller

    Prepared by:
    Eng. Ashraf Darwish

    [email protected]

    Session 7

    Analog To Digital Converter (ADC)


    Temperature sensor (LM 35)

    Introduction
    Electrical quantities can be classified into :
    Analoge

    Digital

    Range of voltage

    Only two values

    There are infinite values of the


    volte in the range

    Logic zero
    0V
    Logic one
    5V
    Any value between logic one
    and logic zero is undefined.

    ADC
    ADC :
    It

    is a technique to convert analog signals to


    its corresponding digital signal .

    The

    digital output can be saved , compared


    to other digital values , pass by some
    processing easily.

    ADC

    We have some concepts we have to know :


    Resolution
    Reference voltage
    Error

    ADC
    Electrical Resolution :

    electrical resolution
    (voltage per step)

    EF full scale voltage range


    SR EFSR = VRefHi

    VRefLow
    M

    ADC resolution in bits

    ADC
    Example:

    If the analog input range is from 0V to 5V


    the number of digital output bits (M) is 10
    Then :
    Electrical

    resolution Q= 5/(2^10)
    Q= 5/1024 = 4.88 mv

    Which

    means that the IC wont sense any change


    less than 4.88mv

    ADC

    Error :
    There is no ACD without error. Simply because the
    analog value is approximated to the nearest digital
    value Theoretically
    Practically

    Each analog input has corresponding


    digital output

    Every input sub-range has


    corresponding digital output

    ADC
    ATmega 16 has 8 ADC channels

    ADC
    1- ADC Multiplexer Selection Register

    (ADMUX)

    2- ADC Control and Status Register A

    (ADCSRA)

    3- The ADC Data Register


    ADCH)
    4- Special Function IO Register

    (ADCL and
    (SFIOR)

    ADC
    1- ADC Multiplexer Selection Register

    Reference voltage
    selection

    (ADMUX)

    Input channel and gain


    selection:
    Select the ADC input pin(s)
    and the gain

    Left Adjust Result:


    To make the output left
    adjusted in the
    registers

    ADC

    Bit 7:6 REFS1:0: Reference


    Selection Bits
    These bits select the reference voltage for
    ADC

    ADC

    Bit 5 ADLAR: ADC Left Adjust Result


    Write one to ADLAR to adjust the output to left. Otherwise,
    the result is adjusted to right.
    The

    output of ADC is 10-bits so it is saved in two registers


    (ADCL,ADCH). It can be left adjusted or right adjusted as
    follow:

    Right adjustment

    Left

    adjustment

    ADC

    Bits 4:0 MUX4:0: Analog Channel and Gain


    Selection Bits
    Single Ended
    Mode

    ADC

    diferential Ended
    Mode

    Bits 4:0 MUX4:0: Analog Channel and Gain


    Selection Bits

    ADC
    2- ADC Control and Status Register A

    Bit 7 ADEN: ADC Enable

    Bit 6 ADSC: ADC Start Conversion

    (ADCSRA)

    In Single Conversion mode, write this bit to one to start each


    conversion.

    In

    Free Running
    mode, write this bit to one to start the first conversion.

    ADC
    2- ADC Control and Status Register A

    Bit 5 ADATE: ADC Auto Trigger Enable

    When

    this bit is written to one, Auto Triggering of the ADC is enabled.


    The ADC will start a conversion on a positive edge of the selected trigger
    signal. The trigger source is selected by setting the ADC Trigger Select bits, ADTS in SFIOR.

    Bit 4 ADIF: ADC Interrupt Flag

    This

    (ADCSRA)

    bit is set when an ADC conversion completes

    Bit 3 ADIE: ADC Interrupt Enable

    ADC

    Bits 2:0 ADPS2:0: ADC Prescaler Select Bits

    These bits determine the division factor of the XTAL frequency to


    generate input clock to the ADC(ADC frequency).

    ADC
    3- The ADC Data Register ADCL and ADCH
    When an ADC conversion is complete, the result is
    found in these two registers
    When
    ADLAR=0

    When
    ADLAR=1

    ADC
    4- Special Function IO Register (SFIOR)

    Bit

    7,6,5:

    The value of these bits selects which source will trigger an ADC
    conversion

    ADC
    Modes of Operation :
    1- single conversion mode:
    Only one conversion and repeated by request (ADSC=1)
    2- Auto triggering mode:
    A conversion can be triggered automatically by various
    sources. The trigger source is selected by setting the ADC
    Trigger Select bits, ADTS in SFIOR
    3- Free running mode:
    Starting new conversion as soon as the ongoing conversion
    has finished. The first conversion must be started by writing
    one to ADSC bit in ADCSRA register

    ADC Example
    - I want to run ADC0 (pin 40).
    - Single conversion mode.
    - left adjusted and only the 8 MSB will be used.
    - No ADC interrupts.
    - Speed=500 000 bps.

    Then:
    //ADMUX =0x60
    //ADCSRA= 0x80
    //To start conversion
    //ADCSRA|=0x40 or
    //ADCSRA.6=1

    ADC Example
    - I want to run ADC0 (pin 40).
    - Single conversion mode.
    - left adjusted and only the 8 MSB will be used.
    - No ADC interrupts.
    - Speed=500 000 bps.

    Then:
    //ADMUX =0x60
    //ADCSRA= 0x80
    //To start conversion
    //ADCSRA|=0x40 or
    //ADCSRA.6=1

    Temperature sensor
    The most known Application of ADC

    Temperature sensors (LM 35)


    LM 35 is a sensor, its resistance varies with
    temperature change.

    It

    has 3 pins
    VCC
    GND
    Output

    Final Project

    links

    http://www.atmel.com/products/microc
    ontrollers/default.aspx?src=parent
    http://www.avrfreaks.net/
    http://ram-e-shop.com/oscmax/catalo
    g/
    http://www.nekhely.com/home-new.h
    tm
    http://sa.rsdelivers.com/
    http://www.sparkfun.com/

    Thank you
    Contact:
    http://www.facebook.com/groups/263197427113025
    /
    [email protected]
    [email protected]
    +201064897791

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