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    1 LHopitals Rule and Relative Rates of Growth

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    Chandan kumar Mohanta

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    1 LHopitals Rule and Relative Rates of Growth

    Uploaded by

    Chandan kumar Mohanta
    2 views18 pages

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    2 views18 pages

    1 LHopitals Rule and Relative Rates of Growth

    Uploaded by

    Chandan kumar Mohanta

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    L’Hôpital’s Rule

    and
    Relative Rates of Growth
    Why are limits used again?
    …To describe the behavior of functions!

    L’Hopital’s Rule is simply a TECHNIQUE for finding limits, particularly limits


    that seem nonexistent.

    The strongest form of this rule states the following:

    Suppose that f (a) = g (a) = 0


    f and g are differentiable on an open interval I containing a

    g ′( x) ≠ 0 on I if x ≠ a

    Then… f ( x) f ′( x)
    lim = lim If the latter limit exists.
    x→a g ( x) x → a g ′( x )
    Example 1
    Estimate the limit graphically and then use L’Hopital’s Rule to find the limit.

    1+ x −1
    lim
    x→0 x
    Example 2
    x
    Evaluate 1+ x −1−
    lim 2
    x→0 x2
    Let’s Explore a little something…
    sin x
    Consider the function f ( x) =
    x

    (1) Use L”Hopital’s Rule to find lim f ( x )


    x →0

    (2) Let y1 y1′


    y1 = sin x, y2 = x, y3 = , y4 =
    y2 y2′
    Explain how graphing y3 and y4 in the same viewing window provides
    support for l’Hopital’s rule in part 1.

    (3) Let y5 = y3′

    Graph y3, y4, and y5 in the same viewing window. Based on what you see
    in the viewing window, make a statement about what l’Hopital’s Rule
    does NOT say.
    Using L’Hopital’s Rule
    with One-Sided Limits
    Example 3 Evaluate sin x
    lim+
    x→0 x2

    Evaluate sin x
    lim 2
    x → 0− x
    Indeterminate Forms
    ∞
    Example 4 , ∞ ⋅ 0, ∞ − ∞
    ∞
    Identify the indeterminate form and evaluate the limit using
    l’Hopital’s Rule. Support your answer graphically.

    ln x
    lim
    x→∞ 2 x
    Indeterminate Forms
    ∞
    Example 5 , ∞ ⋅ 0, ∞ − ∞
    ∞
    Identify the indeterminate form and evaluate the limit using
    l’Hopital’s Rule. Support your answer graphically.

    ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
    lim ⎜ x sin ⎟ lim ⎜ x sin ⎟
    x→∞
    ⎝ x⎠ x→−∞
    ⎝ x⎠
    Indeterminate Forms
    ∞
    Example 6 , ∞ ⋅ 0, ∞ − ∞
    ∞
    Find ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
    lim⎜ − ⎟
    Double LHR trouble here!!!
    ⎝
    x→1 ln x x −1 ⎠
    Indeterminate Forms
    1∞ , 00 , ∞ 0
    Limits that lead to these indeterminate forms can sometimes be handled by taking
    logarithms first. We use l’Hopital’s Rule to find the limit of the logarithm and then
    exponentiate to reveal the original function’s behavior.

    lim ln f ( x) = L ⇒ lim f ( x) = lim e ln f ( x )


    =e L
    x →a x →a x→a

    Here a can be finite or infinite.


    Indeterminate Forms
    Example 7 1∞ , 00 , ∞ 0
    x
    Find
    ⎛ 1⎞
    lim ⎜1+ ⎟
    x
    ⎛ 1⎞
    ln f ( x) = ln ⎜1 + ⎟ Step 1: Take ln of both sides
    x→∞
    ⎝ x⎠ ⎝ x⎠
    ⎛ 1⎞
    ln f ( x) = x ln ⎜1 + ⎟ Step 2: Apply props of logs
    ⎝ x⎠

    ⎛ 1⎞ Now, if we don’t rewrite the


    ln f ( x) = x ln ⎜1 + ⎟ function as a rational function,
    ⎝ x⎠ we won’t be able to apply LHR.

    ⎛ 1⎞
    ln ⎜1 + ⎟
    ln f ( x) = ⎝
    x⎠ Rewritten…
    1
    x
    Example 7 Continued

    ⎛ 1⎞
    ln ⎜1 + ⎟
    lim ln f ( x) = lim ⎝
    x⎠ 0
    = Step 3: Apply LHR
    x →∞ x →∞ 1 0
    x
    ⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
    ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎜ − 2 ⎟
    ⎛ 1⎞
    lim ⎝
    x ⎠⎝ x ⎠
    = lim ⎜1 + ⎟ = 1
    x →∞
    − 2
    1 x →∞
    ⎝ x⎠
    x

    x
    ⎛ 1⎞
    lim ⎜1 + ⎟ = lim f ( x) = lim eln f ( x ) = e1 = e Applying the theorem …..
    x →∞
    ⎝ x ⎠ x →∞ x →∞
    Indeterminate Forms
    1∞ , 00 , ∞ 0

    Example 8 Example 9
    x 1
    lim+ x lim x x
    x→0
    x→−∞
    2010 BC5
    2010 BC5 - Answers
    2010 BC5 - Answers
    Using L’Hôpital’s Rule
    to Compare Growth Rates

    L is finite here and NOT 0.


    Some Examples
    Example 1

    Example 2

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