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    Algebra August 2024

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    Algebra August 2024

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    Algebra-August-2024

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    Algebra August 2024

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    of 2

    DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

    UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
    GRADUATE WRITTEN EXAM
    August 2024
    ALGEBRA (Ph.D. Version)
    Instructions to the student
    a. Answer all six questions; each will be assigned a grade from 0 to 10.
    b. Use a different booklet for each question. Write the problem number and your code
    number (not your name) on the outside of the booklet.
    c. Keep scratch work on separate pages in the same booklet.

    1. (a) Let G be a group, let H be a finite normal subgroup of G, and let P be a Sylow
    p-subgroup of H. Show that if P is normal in H then P is normal in G.
    (b) Give an example of a group G, a normal subgroup H of G, and a normal subgroup
    K of H such that K is not normal in G.
    2. (a) Let M be an n × n matrix with entries in a field F and suppose the minimal
    polynomial m(X) of M has degree n, so m(X) = X n +an−1 X n−1 +· · ·+a1 X+a0 ∈
    F [X]. Show that M is similar over F to
     
    0 0 ··· 0 −a0
     1
     0 ··· 0 −a1 

     0
     1 ··· 0 −a2 

    · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· 
    0 0 · · · 1 −an−1

    (you may not quote results about existence of rational canonical form; that’s
    what you’re proving).
    (b) Let A and B be 3 × 3 matrices with real entries such that A and B are not the
    identity matrix I. Suppose A3 = I and B 3 = I. Show that A and B are similar
    over the reals.
    3. Suppose that R is a non-zero commutative ring with 1. Let N the set of nilpotent
    elements of R (that is, elements x such that some power xn = 0). You may use,
    without proof, the facts that N is an ideal and equals the intersection of all prime
    ideals of R. Prove the equivalence of the following three statements:
    (a) Every nonunit of R is nilpotent.
    (b) R/N is a field.
    (c) R has exactly one prime ideal.
    4. Let R be a commutative ring with 1 and let M be an R-module. We say that M is flat
    if, whenever A → B is an injective map of R-modules, the map A ⊗R M → B ⊗R M
    is injective.

    1
    Show that if R is a PID and M is finitely generated, then M is flat if and only if M
    is torsion-free.
    5. Let L/K be a finite Galois extension of fields with Galois group G. Suppose that
    whenever f (X) ∈ K[X] is an irreducible polynomial with a root in L, the splitting
    field F of f (X) over K satisfies [F : K] = deg f (X). Show that every subgroup of
    G is normal.
    6. Suppose the group G has the following character table (A, B, C, D, E are the conjugacy
    classes in G, and χ0 , . . . , χ5 are the irreducible characters of G):
    A B C D E
    χ0 1 1 1 1 1
    χ1 1 −1 1 1 −1
    χ2 2 0 2 −1 0
    χ3 3 1 −1 0 −1
    χ4 3 −1 −1 0 1
    The class of the identity element is A and the numbers of elements in some of the
    conjugacy classes are |A| = 1, |B| = 6, |C| = 3, |D| = 8.

    (a) How many elements are in E? Justify your answer.


    (b) Show that G has a normal subgroup K with [G : K] = 2.
    (c) Let f (g) = χ33 (it is the character of ρ3 ⊗ ρ3 ⊗ ρ3 , but you don’t need to prove
    this fact). Decompose f as a sum of irreducible characters.

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