Total

number of printed pages-6

14 (MAT-1) 1016
32020
(Held in 2021 )

MATHEMATICS

.oloitO3Paper
:
MAT-1016
(New and Old Course)
(Algebra)
:
Full Marks 80.
:
Time Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
Ofull marks for the questions.
1. Answer any four parts: 5x4-20
(a) Let G
Ga ....., G, be a finite number
notet of groups and G=G x Gz X...... *G be
h
their direct. product. For each
i(1sisn ), let e, be the identity of G,:
4tc For each i(1sisn),
G={(e, eg, , prove that
e- ai, ejsl,..en)la e
is a normal subgroup of G isomorphic
G

t G.
d0L Contd.
 a
a is
agroup andG such
Let G be that
(b) homomorphism from G to
a normal subgroup
(I2 If clG) is
lD1
of then show that
G,
G=a(G)xker a.
decomposable group. Show
(c) Define a 6 is
a cyclic group of order
that
decomposable while the symmetric
deomposable.
group S, of order 6 is not 1+2+2

you mean by a composition

(a) what do a group ?
series of “ Z2 has no
Justify the statement
composition series." 2+3

Define a solvable group with suitable

(e) any of a
Prove that
arexample. group solvable. i subgroup
is 2+3
solvable
5x4=20
2. Answer any four parts.3
unity.
29c(a) Let R be a commulative ring with
Define the R.notation of associate
S3 elements in Show that the relation
of being associates is an equivalence
relation. If R is an integral domain and
a, b are non-zero elements of R, then
prove that a ~b if and only if alb
and ba.
(The symbols with their usual
(The
oinio meanings.)
14 (MAT-1) 1016/G 2
 a
te (b) Show that Z, the ring of integers is
PID, Is z[il a PID ?
two lines ILS
Justify in one or tWo

(c) Let R=Qx. Show.that is a PID.

R

Explaining all the steps show that

(x+2), the ideal generated by x+2 is
) #
a maximal ideal of R
(d) Prove that in a UFD every irreducible
element is prime. Does the converse
hold ?

e
(e) Consider the ring R=ZV-7. Find all
bhe
the units of R
R.
Show that is an irreducible element
2

of R but not a prime element of R.

What does it imply ?

3. Answer any four parts: 3H5x4=20

(a) What is the difference between a"K is a
finite extension of F" and "Kis a finitely
generated over F
? Give suitable
example to justify your answer.
2+3

14 (MAT-1) 1016/G 3 D0Contd.

 s
(b)For: each of the given polynomials in
O[xl, find the splitting field over
and the,degree of the splitting field over
:

-1
(ii) -1

When is a field F said to be perfect ?

(c)
Give an example of a perfect field. Show
oldios that every field of characteristic zero is

(a) Let GF(a) be the Galois field with q

Ia bsl ielements. Show that q must be of the
form p, where p is a prime and n is
some positive integer. Does there exist
a
Galois field of offer 24? Justify.
4+1
(e) If a and
are constructible real
B
0Spxnumbers then show that a +B, a-B,
yaß and a/ß (B0) are constructible
real numbers.

14 (MAT-1) 1016/G {-TAM)

4 O0i
4. Answer any four parts .i: 5x4=20
(a) If TeA(V) has all its characteristic
roots in F, then prove that there is a
basis of V in which the matrix of T is
triangular.
(b) If Te A(V) is nilpotent, of index of
nilpotence n,; then prove that there is
a basis of V such that the mnatrix of T
in this basis of Vsuch that the matrix
of T in this basis has the form
0...........0
M,
ng...0

0....... ...Mnr
ng .......
where n, ny 2n,, and
ny +n+ng t ........ t n, = dim V.

(c) Prove that two nilpotent linear

transformations are similar if and only
if they have the same invariants.
..... ;
(d) For each i=1, 2, k V,{0} and
V=V V,
..... V; then prove
T; is
that the minimal polynomial of
qi(x)i

14 (MAT-1) 1016/G 5 D1etoContd.

 (e) ) Define Jordan block. 3werA

bLet Te e (V) have all its

Ap
S

4 ,
ei srsdt rdistinct characteristic roots
.........,
in F. Then
prove that a basis of V can be
lo xobisi ie found in which the matrix T is
a1 151i Jsfi of the form

Jk
where each
Bi
Biz
J;=
brs Bi

and where Bi, Bi, oog bi, are

to on i basic Jordan block belonging to
4

14 (MAT-1) 1016/G 6 DlOi300

Total number of printed pages-12

14 (MAT-1) 1026

2020
(Held in 2021)

MATHEMATICS
Paper :
MAT- 1026
ints2rati
Full Marks : 80
:
Time Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.

(New Course )

( Mathematical Methods)

1. Answer any three parts: 5x3=15

(a) Transform the boundary value problem

+ A
¢= x; o(0)=0, #(1)=0 (

into integral equation.

O\osoi Contd.
 (b) Using the method of successive
approximation, solve the integral
equation
d(x)= sinx-[xtø(t )at.
4 4 J0

(c) Find the resolvent kernel for the

following kernel
k(x, t)=e**; a= 0, b= 1,
where the symbols have their usual
meanings.
(d) Find the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions
for the following integral equation with
separable kernel:
d(x)= sec" x+ 1((t) dt.

(e) Show that the homogeneous integral

equation
=
o(*)-2[ (3*-2)t o(t) at 0

has no eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.

Answer any two parts 5x2=10
:
2.

(a) Using the method of successive

approximation, solve the integral equation

d(x)=1+x-[(t) dt; % (x)=1

14 (MAT-1) 1026/G 2
 b
(b) With the aid of resolvent kernel, find
atto the solution of the integral equation

dlx)=1+*+()dt.
(c) For what value of 1, the function
(x)=1+2x -()
is a solution of the integral equation
x=Jo e*-t olt) dt ?op

3. Answer any three parts: 5x3=15

(a) Find the Fourier transform of f(x), if
f(x)=x, |x|sa ininsncqeo
=0, x|>a
(b) Evaluate

dx
and
As

xdx
+1)
9 using Parseval's identity.
Contd.,
14 (MAT-1) 1026/G 3 0er
 (c)Define Fourier integral theorem and
C3 hence show that: the following two forms
are equivalent
1
f(«)= fu)cos a(x-u) duda and
a=0 7u=-00

f(x)=| eiax da |f(u)eiau du. 1+4=5

2

(a) Using Fourier integral method, solve the

equation

vlu) u 1

a2 0<a<b.
(x-u+
4. (a) When a function is said to be of
exponential order ? 1

(b) Show that the function f(x) = t2 is of

exponential order. 2
(c) Prove that
au

( f(u) )-Els)
S 2
(d) Answer any two parts :
5x2=10
) Find
1

(s+1)(s-3) (s-2)
by complex inversion theorem.
14 (MAT-1) 1026/G
4
 ) Solve the differential equation
dy +3y +2y = e';u(o)=0,y(0)= 00
dt
t
by Laplace transform method.

(i) Solve the differential equation

ty+(1-2t)-2y
dt2 dt
=
0; y(0)=l, y(0)=2
by Laplace transform method.
5. Show that the necessary condition for
functional

I[y(x)]= [ F(* y, y) dx
to be maximum or minimun is that

o.a-0.
ôy
dx l oy'
=0:

where F is twice continuously differentiable

function and values of xo, X1, y(o), y(xi)
are prescribed. 5
6. Answer any two parts :
5x2=10
(a) Extremize the functionaloe

u-+4y 2 sinxx )ax

with y(o)= 0, u%)-1.

14 (MAT-1) 1026/G 5 D\as0rl Contd.
 (b) Find the stationary value or extremal
of the functional
V1+y2
dx
1

with y (1] =0, y(2) = 1.

(c) Find the extremal of the functional

which satisfies the conditions

u(0)=0, v(o) =1, ul4)=
V2

7. Answer any two parts :

5x2=1O
fa)c Show that the functional
1
dx 2
+
dy
dt
dt dt
such that
x(0)=0, y(0)= 0, x(1) =1.5, y(1) =1
is stationary for

x=t+y=t.
2

14 (MAT-1) 1026/G 6
 (b) Find the shape of the curve of the given
perimeter enclosing maximum area.

(c) Prove that the extremal of the functional

4
[ydx: y(1)=3, y(4) =24
1

subject to condition
4
ydx = 36
1

is a parabola.

bon

14 (MAT-1) 1026/G 73 Dlosor Contd.

Total number of printed pages-15
iiooMme klu 72 14 (MAT-1) 1036
bne la)19V 8Ps 2020
(Held in 2021)
MATHEMATIOSkici
ari! eri oe Paper MAT-1036 iErt
:

o
io
m
d
(New Course)
(Mechanics and Tensors)
Full Marks : 80
Time Three hours
:

The figures in the margin indicate

full marks for the questions.
Group-A
iO F3soP
tspt oe alde (Mechanics)unt
: i
bo slslzMarks 50
:
10
1. Answer any one of the following
VO.:A
(a) A particle moves on the inner surface
of a smooth cone, of vertical angle 2a,
the
being acted on by a force towards
vertex of the cone, and its direction of
a
motion always cuts the generators at
constant angle B; find the mnotion and
the law of force.
O0EOI (l Contd.
 (b) A particle is projected horizontally
along the interior surface of a smooth
hemisphere whose axis is vertical and
whose vertex is downwards; the point
of projection being at an angular
distance ß from the lowest point, show
that the initial velocity so that the
particle may just ascend to the rim of
the hemisphere is 2agsecß.

2. Answer any one of the following :

8

(a) Two uniform rods, AB and AC, are

freely jointed at A, and are placed on
a smooth horizontal table so that
angle BAC is a right angle. The rod
AB is struck by a blow P at B in a
direction perpendicular to AB; show
that the initial velocity of A is
2P
where m and m' are the
4m' + m
masses of AB, ACrespectively.

14 (MAT-1) 1036/G 2
 (b)A uniform rectangular plate ABCD of
mass M, for which AB=2a, BC= 2b, is
Vilsiti at rest and is then given a blow of
impulse Jperpendicular to the plate at
uods
iugh .
C. A
Show that, if is fixed but the plate
is free to turn about it, the KE
12J2
generated by the blow is
7M

3. Answer any two parts 6x2=12

(a) A rigid body with one point 0 fixed

rotates with angular velocity õ, having
angular momentum about O. Show
that = Jö, where J is the inertia
matrix.

D(b) If T is the total KE of rotation of a rigid

RI body with one point fixed, prove that
=
0, 4, where all quantities refer to
the principal axes of the body.

14 (MAT-1) 1036/G 3 OlocDi ( Contd.

 (c) A uniform solid rectangular
parallelopiped is free to turn about its
.C.g. which is iixed. The edges of the
solid have lengths 2a, 2a, a. Initially
the solid has angular velocity j about
a diagonal. Show that the angular
velocity of solid at time t is given by

31 32t
where o = 24|cost-sin 5

y = 22 3at 31t
sin + COS
5 5 J

=
W3 =;
3

4. (a) Twice the KE of a system is

h
A2.
9+2HO Bo, where A, H, B are
+

,
all functions of and a constant;
also the work function of the field of
conservative force a function of
U,

alone, show that

A?- Bo?)=U+C. 7

14 (MAT-1) 1036/G 4
 Or:ox

Obtain the energy equation from

Lagrange's equation.
(b) straight frictionless wire OA, fixed at
A
a point on a downward vertical axis
O

Tis 3v2 OŽrotates about the axis with constant

angular velocity @. A bead of mass
mn

is constrained to move on the wire. Set

s
l0 13up the agrangian. sri wc rie (d 3
5. Answer any one of the following 10 :

(a) A particle moves in the xy-plane under

atcenst theinfluenceo of central forces
enona depending on only its distance from the
origin.
Set up the Hamiltonian for the
System 02031 Irsiio3
II. Write Hamiltonian Equations.
TD (b) A uniform rod AB of length O2a isa
suspended from a fixed point by
5a
string OC of length attached to a
6
2a
that AC = 3
point C of the rod such
Show that the normal modes of
a are
oscillation in a vertical plane given

a 5a
by 2r and 2/. 3g
2g
14 (MAT-1) 1036/G 50 D\àcoi (i Contd.
 Group-B
(Tensor)aiiO
Marks: 30

1. (a) Define contravariant vector and give an

example. 2

(b) Show that the inner product of a

covariant vector and a contravariant
vector is a scalar invariant. 2

2
(c) Apply the Quotient Theorem of tensors
LLOto establish that the class of functions
gi in the metric ds = gi; dx' dx is a
covariant tensor of rank two. 2

2. Show that the Kronecker delta is a tensor

having the same components in every
C
cOordinate systemn. 4

it Prove that the of transformation of

tensors possess the closure property OJ
group.

14, (MAT-1) 1036/G 6

3.wDerive the transformation law of
the
Christoffel symbol of the second kind.
5

Prove that 2+3=5

) jk, i =
0gik
Iij, k +

(ii) -=-gmrk
mk
-g" r:
4. Answer any three parts of
the following:
5x3=15
(a) Derive the xi-covariant derivative of the
contravariant vector A' with respect to
the fundamental tensors gii.

(b) Show that the fundamental tensors are

covariant constant.
(c) If A¡; is an anti-symmetric tensor, show
thatee
ôAj AJk 8Aki
Aij, k + Aki,j
tAjk, itAki,j akA+ ax
14 (MAT-1) 1036/G 78 OOE0. ti Contd.
 (d) o If o is scalar invariarnt function, show
a
Sin

that ax' is a covariant vector. Hence.

derive the Laplacian in tensor form as
1

Vg ax'

14 (MAT-1) 1036/G 8
Total number of printed pages-8 4:
oe
14 (MAT-1) 1046

2020
(Held in 2021 )

MATHEMATICs
Paper: MAT-1046
(Old & New Course)

(Real Analysis and Labesgue Measure)

Full Marks : 80
:
Time Three hours
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.

1. Answer any four parts: 5x4=20

(a) Show that the sequence of functions
.
where f.(x)=x is uniformly
bes in convergèent on 0,k \,k<l and pointwise
convergent on [0,1].

o-OI Contd.
 (b) Show that the sequence of functions
=
{} where f() 1+n2 converges
l+nx
uniformly to fon [0,1] but is not
uniformly convergent of [0,1

(c) COSno
Show that the series nP
Converges uniformly for all values of
p>0 in an interval a, 2r-a for
0 <a<T

(d) If a
series 2Jn converges uniformly to
n=1

f in (a, b ]=l and xo is a point in

a,b] such that
lim f,(x):
)=n, n=1,2, 3 .

prove that 2n is convergent and

n=l

lim f(x) = a,
n=l

14 (MAT-1) 1046/G 2
 a power series Sa,x" converges at
Ho(elf n=0

the end point x=R of the interval of

convergence-R, R], then prove that
it is uniformly convergent in the closed
interval 0, R]

Find the radius of convergernce and

interval of convergence of the following
power series
(n!)
2n)

2. Answer any four parts 5x4-20

(a) Prove that a bounded monotonic
2i ht function is a function of bounded
variation. Show with an example that
continuous fünction may not be a
function of bounded variation.

(b) Prove that if S a function of bounded

variation on [a,b] and c is a point of
[a, b], then
V(f, a, b) =Vf,a, c) + v,
c, b).

14 (MAT-1) 1046/G 3 D\ot Contd.

 b| R" be a vector valued
(c)Let f:a,
which is of bounded variation
s3Nfunction
on (a, b]. Prove that iff is continuous.
continuous
at, cela, b], then V(<) is
at c.

(d) Prove that if feR(a), fe R(a,) On

[a,b], then
20fe'R(a,+a,) and
b
[fala, + ga)= [f da, + [fda,.
(e) Iffis continuous on [a,b], prove that
feR(a) over [a,b].
A
function a increases on [a,b] and is
,
continuous. at x', where as'sb.
Another function f is such that

X= x'
Prove that fe R(a) over a, b] and
[ fda=0,

14 (MAT-1) 1046/G 4
3. Answer any four parts :
h 5x4-20
Ie fa)Define outer and inner measure m* (A)
oiand m.(A) of a subset A of [a, b]. What
E
do you mean by a measurable subset
of R? If A, and A, are measurable
subsets of [a, b], then show that A, UA,
and A, NA, are also measurable.

(b) Construct an uncountable set of

measure zero.

(c) Prove that

() if m* (E)=0, then E isa measure

set.
a countable set is measurable and
its measure is. zero.

(d) Prove that every continuous function

is measurable.

(e) Iff and g areprove

measurable functions on
are
[a,b], then that f+g and fg
also measurable on [a, b].

14 (MAT-1) 1046/G 5 D}0 i Contd.

 () If S
is a sequence
measurable of
LA
function.which coverage to a real
valued function f a.e. on a measurable
1.2J2 set E of finite measure, then prove that
given E>0, there is a subset
FcE
with m(E- F)<s such that }

oconverges to f uniformly on F.

4. Answer any four parts :

202ser 5x4=20
(a) Prove that every bounded measurable
function On [a, b] is Lebesgue
integrable on [a,b].

u(b) If
fis a bounded and Lebesgue
integrable function on
on [a,b] such that
fe=g) a.e. On [a, b], where g is a
bounded function on [a,b], then prove
that g is Lebesgue integrable and
eb.

14 (MAT-1) 1046/G 6
 Let a
fbe function defined on the
integral [0, 1] as follows 3

0,
when x is rational
1, when x is irrational
Show that f is Lebesgue integrable
over [O, 1]

(d) Define
O<xsl
f*)=s
0, X= 0
Show that f is Lebesgue integrable on
[0,1] and
1

dx= 3

Find F(x, 2 ).

(e) Let f be a measurable function over

[a, b], then prove that f is Lebesgue
integrable over [a,b] if and only if |f
is Lebesgue integrable. Moreover if fis
Lebesgue integrable over [a,b], then
show that

14 (MAT-1) 1046/G 7
 Or Let f} be a sèquence of functions
measurable on a measurable subset
AS la,b] such that
lim f.(x) = fe)
If there exists a constant M such
n and x, then
that s(x)s M, for all
prove that
lim (f.() dx = Jf(")ax:
A
A

300.
8
14,(MAT-1) 1046/G
Tötal number of printed pages-6: ro itsy

14 (MAT-1) 1056
2020
(Held in 2021)
MATHEMATICS
Paper MAT- 1056
JLIDINew and Old Course)bz
(Numerical Analysis)
::
Full Marks 80
:
Three hours
Time
The figures in the margin indicate
full marks for the questions.
1. Answer any four parts :
or (a) Solve the system of equations AX- b,
where 20
2 1 1
-2
1
0s. -10
4 0 2
A= 8
3 2 2 and b= 7
1 3 2, J
DT bori

using the LU decomposition method.

Take all diagonal elements of L as 1.
àc0 (Contd. i
 (b) Solve the system of equations
(2x1 -X, =7
- X1 +2x - X3 =l
- Xy + 2x =1

using Gauss-Seidel method. Take initial

approximation as x(0)=0 and perform
three iterations.
(c) State and prove Gershgorin's circle
theorem for bounds on eigenvalues.
2+3=5
(d) Solve the equations
4x1
- x
=0+4 -X3
92-X +4x -X=0 0
i, +4x
O
aUsing Cholesky method.
(e) Discuss decomposition method to solve
a system of n equations with n variables.

2.
Answer any two pats 5x2=10
(a) Perform two iterations of the linear
T
iteration method followed by one
iteration of the Aitken's 4-method to
find the roots of the equation

14 (MAT-1) 1056/G 2
 (b) Perform one iteration, of the Bairstow
method to extract a quadratic factor
x2+ px+q from the polynomial
x +x+2x+x+l=
3So0. Use the initial approximation
Po = 0.5, go = 0.5.

Steffensen method to determine the

O: ()Use
non-zero root of the equation
= xo =
DC+if(x) x-1+e=0, with 0.7.

3. (a) Obtain the cubic spline approximation

for the function defined by the data
01 2 3
f(x) :|1233244
with M(O) =0, M(3) = 0. Hence find an
aro2estiamate of f (2.5). 9+1=10

(onaoge Or stoehredo:
For the function f(x) defined by the
following data
-3 -2 -1 1 3 6 7

fx) :|369222 171| 9901779

165 207

obtain the approximate values of

awollof(-2-5) and f(-6-5) using the piecewise
cubic interpolation. 10

14 (MAT-1) 1056/G 3 Dle0 t Con

Contd.r
 (b) Compute value of
the for
yf(x) =0.6001 using the following
:
table 5
2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
:lo.6020 0.61280.6232|0.63350.6434 0.6532l0.6628

4. (a) Derive Gauss-Legendre three-point

rh ozi integration method and write the error
term. Using this method, evaluate the
T0-following integral : 6+1+3=10

Or

What do you mean by Richardson's

extrapolation ? Discuss briefly. Using
Richardson's extrapolation, find f1)
with the help of the approximation
formula

2h

eiws with h= 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, from the following

values:

14 (MAT-1) 1056/G 4
 0.6 0.707178
0.8 0.859892
0.9 0.925863
1.0 0.984007 -

1.1 1.033743
1.2 1.074575
buii 14oh e1.127986 A

(b) Using Euler-Maclaurin's summation

formula, evaluate the following:
1 1 1
+ +
(201 (203)? (205)? (299)
5
5. Answer any two parts :
10×2=20
(a) Using modified Euler's method, find a
solution of the equation

dx
with initial condition y (0) =1 for the
range 0sxs0.4 in steps of 0.2.

14 (MAT-1) 1056/G 5 O20T Contd.

 (b) Use Runge-Kutta fourth order method
to solve the equation

dy =1 8.0
dx
=X+y, y(0)

at x= 0.1 and x= 0.2. Assume the step

length h=0.1.

(c) ApplyMilne's method to find the

Di-+ solutions the differential equation
of

noits dy with y (0) =1 eU (

dxy+xrts3:
at x= 0.08 and x= 0.1.
Assumne h=0.2.
es))

14 (MAT-1) 1056/G 6 O\o0 !-T300