Reflect 11 Eng. 201 Unit 1 (Q & A)

Reflect 11 (Eng.
201 Unit 1 OUR ROBOT FUTURE)

1. Fill in the gaps with a word from the list.
artificial - capable of - concerned - content – distinguish – knowledge - lack –
resemble - turn out - valid
1. The teacher will accept this as a ……………………... answer if you give reasons for
what you say.
2. Some people believe that AI, or ……………………... intelligence, will replace
humans one day.
3. I’m quite ……………………... with the progress I’m making at school.
4. I’m afraid things didn’t ……………... as we’d hoped. We’ll have to rethink our plans.
5. My sister and I don’t ……………………... each other. In fact, no one believes we’re
related.
6. There’s so much ……………………... contained in books!
7. His parents are very ……………... about his grades. He’s failing almost every subject.
8. It’s difficult to find a hobby if you……………………... motivation.
9. Those twins are identical. I can’t ……………………... one from the other.
10. My brother is amazing! He’s ……………………... doing anything once he sets his
mind to it.
1. valid
2. artificial
3. content
4. turn out
5. resemble
6. knowledge
7. concerned
8. lack
9. distinguish
10. capable of
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Prepared by Mr. Khaled Afifi Abo Hattab (Tel. 36880189)
Reflect 11 (Eng. 201 Unit 1 OUR ROBOT FUTURE)
2. Read the questions. Match the words in bold with their definitions.
1. Do you believe that artificial things, such as flowers, can be as beautiful as natural
ones?
2. Are you content with how much free time you have or would you like more?
3. What is something you are currently concerned about? Why does it worry you?
4. Which relative do you most resemble? Your father, mother or somebody else?
5. Where do you get most of your knowledge about the world from? Books, TV or
social media?
6. What food groups do you have a lack of in your diet? For example, do you eat
enough vegetables?
7. What is a valid reason for not doing an assignment? Would your teacher agree with
you?
8. What is one thing that you are capable of doing that most people you know cannot
do?
9. Have you ever had a project turn out better than you hoped? What happened?
10. Can you usually distinguish truth from lies?
a. …………………………………… happy about your situation
b. …………………………………… made by people; not natural
c. …………………………………… worried
d. …………………………………… the things you know about a topic
e. …………………………………… able to do something
f. …………………………………… based on good reasons or facts
g. …………………………………… to happen in a particular way
h. …………………………………… to look similar
i. …………………………………… to not have or not have enough
j. …………………………………… to recognise how two things are different
a. content
b. artificial
c. concerned
d. knowledge
e. capable of
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f. valid
g. turn out
h. resemble
i. lack
j. distinguish
3. Read the following text then answer the questions that follow. 1.1
ROBOTS: FROM FICTION TO FACT
1. In 1920, Karel Capek, a Czech writer, wrote a play called R.U.R. In the story,
engineers create artificial humans that Capek called robots. These beings look, talk,
and think like people. At first, the robots are content to work for humans. Soon, they
become vital to the world economy. As time passes, humans become concerned that
robots could be a danger. This worry turns out to be valid, and eventually the robots
take control. Since R.U.R. was written, there have been thousands of other science
fiction books and movies about robots. But these machines are no longer found only
in stories. They exist in real life, and they’re changing our world.
2. Some robots resemble animals. These robots look or behave like dogs, fish, or birds.
Sometimes engineers design and build these robots to improve their knowledge of
robots and what they can do. Other animal-like robots, such as robot bees, have
been designed to someday perform useful tasks, such as helping farmers grow food.
Some companies are creating robots that look and act like pets. These robots could
be a good option for people who want a pet but can’t keep an animal at home.
3. In addition to animal-like robots, engineers are creating robots that can do
dangerous or difficult physical work. These robots can save lives after an earthquake
or disaster, explore the deep oceans, or work in outer space. Other robots can do
physical tasks that people don’t like to do, such as cleaning houses or picking fruit or
vegetables. Robots can perform some physical tasks better than people because they
work more quickly and make fewer mistakes.
4. Bots are different from robots, but they’re also changing our world. Bots differ from
robots because they exist only inside a computer as a programme. In other words,
they lack a physical body. The latest bots are capable of truly amazing things. GPT-3,
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for example, is a bot that can do a wide range of things that only humans could do
before. These include writing nonfiction articles or creative stories. The writing is so
good that some people can’t distinguish what GPT-3 has written from texts that
people have written.
5. In the future, robots and bots will almost certainly become an ever more important
part of our world. However, the question that the characters in Capek’s R.U.R. asked
remains unanswered: Will things be like the start of that story or the end? That is, will
robots make our world a better place, or will they be a danger to human society?
A. Complete the main ideas with phrases from the list. One phrase is extra.
artificial being - excellent design - positive thing - computer programme -
dangerous work - useful tasks
1. Robots are common in stories because the idea of a(n) ………………… is interesting.
2. Some animal-like robots do…………………, and others can improve our knowledge.
3. Engineers have created robots that can perform physically ………………… that
people can’t do.
4. A bot is a(n) ………………… that differs from a robot because it does not have a
body.
5. Robots will be more important in the future, but some people are unsure this is a(n)
………………….
1. artificial being
2. useful tasks
3. dangerous work
4. computer programme
5. positive thing
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B. Answer these questions.
1. About how many years ago did Karel Capek write R.U.R.?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What useful thing might robot bees be able to do?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. In addition to robot bees, what animal-like robots have engineers developed?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Why can robots do some things better than people?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What kinds of activities can GPT-3 do as well as humans?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. about 100
2. help farmers grow food
3. dogs, fish, birds
4. They work more quickly and make fewer mistakes
5. write nonfiction articles or creative stories
C. Choose a or b.
Why does the author . . .
1. begin the article by summarising Karel Capek’s R.U.R.?
a. To introduce the idea that robots may not always benefit society
b. To show that sometimes things that people predict come true
2. refer to dogs, fish, and birds in paragraph 2?
a. To give examples of robots that were built to improve engineers’ knowledge
b. To compare the abilities of animal robots with robots that resemble humans
3. mention that robots can do dangerous or difficult work in paragraph 3?
a. To suggest that robots are only useful in a few situations
b. To point out that robots can do things that benefit society
4. include so many things that the GPT-3 bot can do?
a. To explain how this bot was developed
b. To show how advanced this bot is
5. end the article by asking a question about the future?
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a. To suggest that some predictions can never be proved
b. To repeat a key idea introduced earlier in the article
1. a
2. a
3. b
4. b
5. b
4. Read the text and answer the questions below.
Robots, once an idea from science fiction, are now an important part of modern life. In
homes, robotic vacuums and assistants can take on some of the chores. In industry, they
streamline tasks, enhance efficiency and improve safety. Robots can also help in
hazardous environments, such as exploring space or dismantling explosives. However,
some people are concerned about job displacement and ethical dilemmas. Despite this,
robotics promises exciting advancements, like autonomous cars and robotic
companions. As society navigates this technological landscape, understanding both the
benefits and challenges of using robots is crucial.
1. What are two examples of tasks that robots can perform in homes and industry,
according to the text?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. What are two exciting advancements in robotics, according to the text?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1. take on chores; streamline tasks, enhance efficiency, improve safety.
2. Autonomous cars and robotic companions
5. Match the words and phrases with their definitions.
1. breakthrough a. a typical or noticeable quality. 1.
2. characteristic b. wanting to know or learn about something. 2.
3. contribution c. to make a judgement based on the information you 3.
have.
4. curious d. something that exists or happens, usually 4.
something unusual.
5. detect e. to fundamentally or radically change something. 5.
6. draw conclusions f. an important discovery that helps to improve a 6.
situation or answer a problem.
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7. growth g. something you do to help produce or achieve 7.
something, or to make something successful.
8. phenomenon h. to discover or notice something, especially if it’s 8.
difficult to do so.
9. revolutionise i. the process of increasing in physical size. 9.
10. specialise in j. to concentrate on and become an expert in a 10.
particular subject or skill.
6. Complete the questions from a science quiz with the correct form of the words.
breakthrough - characteristic - contribution - curious - detect - draw conclusions –
growth - phenomenon - revolutionise - specialise in
1. What do you call someone who ………………………… the study of stars and planets?
2. What plant has a ………………………… rate of up to 35 inches (or 89 centimetres)
per day?
3. What Chinese invention of 8 BCE ………………………… human communication?
4. What unusual ………………………… does gold have?
5. What was Abu al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi’s ………………………… to medical science in
the 10th century?
6. What is the name of the natural ………………………… that causes objects to fall to
the ground?
7. What natural disaster can a seismograph …………………………?
8. Which famous scientist said, “I have no special talent. I am only passionately
…………………………? ”
9. Archimedes got into his bath. How did this help him ………………………… about
measuring the volume of objects?
10. What major scientific ………………………… did Copernicus make in 1543 after
observing the sun and stars?
1. specialises in
2. growth
3. revolutionised
4. characteristic(s)
5. contribution
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6. phenomenon
7. detect
8. curious
9. draw conclusions
10. breakthrough
7. Match the words 1–10 with the definitions a–j.

1. breakthrough a. notice details 1.
2. characteristic b. completely change something in a good way 2.
3. contribution c. make decisions based on facts 3.
4. curious d. a quality of something 4.
5. detect e. an important discovery 5.
6. draw conclusions f. when you help someone or add something 6.
7. growth g. something unusual or interesting 7.
8. phenomenon h. work or study in a particular area 8.
9. revolutionise i. interested to find out about people or things 9.
10. specialise in j. increase in something e.g. size of a plant 10.
1. e
2. d
3. f
4. i
5. a
6. c
7. j
8. g
9. b
10. h
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8. Listen and complete the gaps with the words that you hear. WB 1.1
The Next Scientific Game Changer
A: In a recent survey, people were asked about their attitude to science. The result was generally very
positive. I mean, who isn’t interested in science? Seventy-two percent of people questioned said they
were curious to know more about science. And 86 percent said that science made them feel more
hopeful about the future. But when they were asked about specific future breakthroughs in transport,
robotics, and food production, they were less sure. Half of the people interviewed agreed that science
often causes as many problems as it solves. It was only in the field of medicine that people felt very
positive about the contribution that science can make.
So, what about the scientists themselves? What are they excited about? My first guest is a science writer
who specialises in this topic. Kevin, what things do you think are going to be game changers in the next
decade or so? I mean, what things will revolutionise our lives in a positive way?
B: Well, one of them is artificial intelligence . . . And before you say, “I’ve heard that before,” I know it
isn’t a new prediction. But the difference now is that “deep machine learning” is a reality.
A: What’s “deep-machine learning”?
B: Deep machine learning is when computers teach themselves. They analyse lots of data, and then they
draw conclusions from it. A classic example of deep machine learning is computers “learning” how to
play chess. What other uses does it have? Well, predicting the weather, for one. If you feed computers
lots of data about past weather events, they will become much better at giving accurate forecasts of
future events. Similarly, if you feed them enough information in another language, they will begin to
learn that language. So, in the future we will have much better translation tools. And if machines are
able to “learn” language in this way, we’ll also see a growth in the use of companion robots. These are
robots that can interact with people. So, they can educate children, for example, or look after the
elderly.
A: And are there dangers associated with artificial intelligence? Can you see any problems with it?
B: Yes, there are dangers. One of them is a fairly recent phenomenon. It’s the ability of computers to
manipulate voice and video.
A: What do you mean “manipulate”?
B: Computers could show people doing things which they never actually did . . . and then present it as
fact.
A: That’s scary.
B: It is. If that became more widespread, we’d be in big trouble. Because it would mean we could no
longer trust our own eyes and ears.
A: Mmm . . . Well, what else excites scientists at the moment?
B: In astrobiology, it’s the possibility of finding life on other planets. How exciting would that be? That
possibility has increased enormously with the new James Webb Space Telescope. Scientists could
detect planets in other solar systems before. But now, for the first time, they are going to be able to
examine the characteristics of these planets. If they were able to detect water on a planet, that would be
a major breakthrough. And if they found a world with a similar atmosphere to our Earth’s, then we
would be much closer to finding life on other planets.
A: And what about in the field of medicine? If I were a scientist, that would be the area I’d be most
interested in.
B: Well, the obvious breakthrough would be finding a universal vaccine. I mean a vaccine that works
against all viruses. If we’d had one for the COVID pandemic, we could have saved a lot of lives in 2020.
That would be an amazing breakthrough. But it’s unlikely because viruses are so different from each
other.
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1. Seventy-two percent of people questioned said they were ……………………… to
know more about science.
2. But when they were asked about specific future ……………………… in transport,
robotics, and food production, they were less sure.
3. It was only in the field of medicine that people felt very positive about the ……………
that science can make.
4. My first guest is a science writer who ……………………… in this topic.
5. What things will ……………………… our lives in a positive way?
6. They analyse lots of data, and then they ……………………… from it.
7. We’ll also see a ……………………… in the use of companion robots.
8. One of them is a fairly recent ……………………….
9. Scientists could ……………………… planets in other solar systems before.
10. They are going to be able to examine the ……………………… of these planets.
1. curious
2. breakthroughs
3. contribution
4. specialises in
5. revolutionise
6. draw conclusions
7. growth
8. phenomenon
9. detect
10. characteristics
9. You will hear someone answering survey questions about attitudes to science. Write
her answers in the table. 1.3
A: How much do you know about science: nothing, a little, or a lot?
B: Mmm, a little.
A: Which of the following words best describes how you feel about science: curious, not interested, scared?
B: Hmm, . . . curious.
A: Which is more important in your life: science or technology?
B: Technology, for me. I rely on it a lot day to day.
A: Does science make you feel hopeful, or not hopeful about the future?
B: Hopeful, for the most part.
A: What problem do you most want science to solve?
B: I’d say . . . people not having enough food.
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Question Answer
1. How much do you know about science?
2. How do you feel about science?
3. Is science or technology more important?
4. Does science give you hope for the future?
5. What problem do you want science to solve?
1. a little
2. curious
3. technology
4. yes (for the most part)
5. people not having enough food
Expressing your personal feeling or opinion
As far as I’m concerned, science is a bit scary.
I’d say science is more important.
Technology is more important for me.
Personally, I think we can be hopeful.
10. Use phrases from the list to complete the conversation. You can use each
phrase only once.
As far as I’m concerned - believe me - first of all - for me - I’d say - Personally - you
know
Speaker 1: ………………………..., I think we should change to the later flight.
Speaker 2: But then we wouldn’t arrived until late in the evening. This way we have
more time in Singapore.
Speaker 1: True. But what about the flight from Singapore. We would have to change
that as well. ………………………..., I prefer to have more time in Sydney. I mean that is
our final destination.
Speaker 2: Good point. ………………………... you’re probably right. What about the
hotel booking though? Do we need to change it?
Speaker 1: No, I think we can keep it as it is.
Speaker 2: Okay. I guess if we are a bit early, we can have a coffee before we check in.
Speaker 1: I’m happy with that.
Speaker 2: Yeah. I guess ………………………..., it’s all about making the journey as easy
as possible. Your idea makes good sense. So, let’s go ahead and change the flights.
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1. As far as I’m concerned / Personally
2. Personally / As far as I’m concerned
3. I’d say
4. for me
11. Listen to a salesman giving a presentation of a new technology. Then
complete the presentation with the correct form of the words. 1.4
bet - commonplace - congratulate - demonstration - device - dramatically -
envision -impractical - inspire - invention
Hello everyone. Today, I have for you a new 1 ……………………………. that is going to
change your lives 2 ……………………………... In a moment, I will give you a simple 3
……………………………. of how it works. I 4 ……………………………. you’ll want one
when you’ve seen it working. Your friends will want one, too. In fact, very soon these will
be 5 ……………………………. items in every kitchen. We 6 ……………………………. a
world where people don’t use pots and pans anymore to heat things up. That is the old
way, and it is a more 7 ……………………………. way, because it takes time and involves
washing up. This 8 ……………………………. makes heating food simple. And I hope it
will also 9 ……………………………. you to try cooking different things. Bring this home
and your friends will 10 ……………………………. you on your smart purchase.
1. invention/device
2. dramatically
3. demonstration
4. bet
5. commonplace
6. envision
7. impractical
8. device/invention
9. inspire
10. congratulate
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12. Match the words with their definitions.
1. to guess or give your opinion a. commonplace 1.
2. something that is usual or occurs often b. demonstration 2.
3. to offer praise c. dramatically 3.
4. to show how something works d. impractical 4.
5. an object that you use for specific purpose e. invention 5.
6. change in an obvious way f. bet 6.
7. imagine g. congratulate 7.
8. opposite of practical h. device 8.
9. make someone do something i. envision 9.
10. an object that hasn’t been made before j. inspire 10.
1. bet
2. commonplace
3. congratulate
4. demonstration
5. device
6. dramatically
7. envision
8. impractical
9. inspire
10. invention
13. Complete the gaps with the correct form of the words from the previous
activity.
1. May I …………………………. you and all who have helped make this giant scientific
stride possible.”
2. The system was …………………………. for home use, involving expensive
equipment and a hefty fee per minute.
3. In April 1964, the picturephone debuted for public …………………………. at the
World’s Fair in New York.
4. I …………………………. your next best customers are grandmothers.
5. But what we’ve wanted all along is face-to-face contact, through a …………………...
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6. As communication devices have …………………………. changed, sci-fi has been a
step ahead, imagining new devices and their effects on society …
7. Let’s find out how the science fiction …………………………. science reality.
8. You hear your phone. You look down and what do you see? Ah . . . incoming video
call. After you hit “Decline,” think about how …………………. video chat’s become.
9. At least since the …………………………. of the telephone, illustrators and authors
…………………………. combining pictures with sound, like French author and
illustrator George du Maurier’s tele phonoscope …
1. congratulate
2. impractical
3. demonstration
4. bet
5. device
6. dramatically
7. inspired
8. commonplace
9. invention / envisioned
1. bet a. ordinary. 1.
2. commonplace b. a showing or explanation of how to do something or 2.
how something works.
3. congratulate c. greatly. 3.
4. demonstration d. impossible to do or use. 4.
5. device e. something designed or created for the first time. 5.
6. dramatically f. to feel sure. 6.
7. envision g. to praise someone for an achievement. 7.
8. impractical h. a piece of equipment that is used for a particular 8.
purpose.
9. inspire i. to imagine as a future possibility. 9.
10. invention j. to cause to do something. 10.
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15. Write a sentence using the words provided.
1. device / personal / communication
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. inspire / change / me
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. bet / I / you
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. invention / this / new
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. commonplace / mobile / early 19th century
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. envision / world / without
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. They have invented a new personal communication device.

2. You have inspired me to exercise more.
3. I bet you will love the new iPhone.
4. I watched a video about this new invention that will change your life.
5. Mobiles were not common place in the early 19th century.
6. Can you envision a world without digital technology.
16. Watch the video and answer the questions.
How Science Fiction Became Reality
You hear your phone. You look down and what do you see? Ah . . . incoming video call.
After you hit “Decline,” think about how commonplace video chat’s become.
For a long time, the idea of seeing someone from across the world was only in science
fiction. So how did it go from looking like this [illustration of sci-fi videophone] … to this
[illustration of tablet]? Let’s find out how the science fiction inspired science reality.
As communication devices have dramatically changed, sci-fi has been a step ahead,
imagining new devices and their effects on society for better [Come in Dick Tracy] . . .
and for worse [Hey! Quit stalling! Get back to work!].
Mobile phones and tablets appeared in sci-fi years before we had them in real life. But
what we’ve wanted all along is face-to-face contact, through a device. “Telephone TV,
with callers able to see as well as hear.”
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At least since the invention of the telephone, illustrators and authors envisioned
combining pictures with sound, like French author and illustrator George du Maurier’s
telephonoscope, which looks like a combination videophone and flat screen TV.
The videophone appeared in the first episode of “The Jetsons,” in 1962, when Jane
Jetson had a chat with her mother. Various versions of video chatting appeared in sci-fi
TV and movies during the 20th century. Meanwhile, AT&T’s Bell Labs was developing a
real-life picture phone.
In April 1964, the picturephone debuted for public demonstration at the World’s Fair in
New York. Two months later, service began with booths in Chicago, New York, and
Washington, D.C. First Lady of the U.S., Lady Bird Johnson, made an early picturephone
call to Dr. Elizabeth Wood of Bell Labs. “May I congratulate you and all who have
helped make this giant scientific stride possible.”
The system was impractical for home use, involving expensive equipment and a hefty
fee per minute. “I’m sure that there’ll be many youngsters off at college and many
mothers and fathers back at home that will find this a great joy.”
Video chatting remained elusive for three more decades until we had the Internet,
computers with cameras, and the software to make it work. “I bet your next best
customers are grandmothers.”
Skype software was introduced in 2003, and Apple’s Facetime followed in 2010. We
finally achieved the dream of the videophone. Now call your grandma—she’d love to
see you!
A. When did video chat become a reality?
In the 2000s
B. Match the times with the events.
a. The first picturephone appeared at the World’s 1. 1878
Fair in New York.
b. Lady Bird Johnson made a picturephone call. 2. 20th century
c. Apple Facetime was launched. 3. April 1964
d. Skype was introduced. 4. later in 19641
e. The “telephonoscope” was imagined by a French 5. 2003
illustrator.
f. Video phones appeared in sci-fi movies and TV. 6. 2010
1. e (Note that the date appears on the video; it isn’t spoken)
2. f
3. a
4. b
5. d
6. c
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C. Choose the correct answers.
1. What does a boss tell a factory worker via videophone in a sci-fi film of 1936?
a. Get back to work! b. Stop smoking in the factory!
2. What do people like about the idea of videophones?
a. Seeing people in colour b. Face-to-face contact
3. The “telephonoscope” of 1878 looked like a combination of a videophone and what?
a. A flat-screen TV b. An illustration
4. Where were the first picturephone booths?
a. In eight American cities b. In three American cities
5. Why was the AT&T Bell Labs picturephone impractical?
a. It was too big and heavy. b. It was very expensive to use.
6. Where did Lady Bird Johnson say youngsters would find the new invention a great
joy?
a. At college b. Travelling abroad
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. b
6. a
D. Complete the extract when Lady Bird Johnson spoke to AT&T Bell Labs about
their new picturephone with the correct words.
bet - congratulate - grandmothers - joy - make - youngsters
“May I 1 ……………………………… you and all who have helped 2 …………………….
this great scientific stride possible. I’m sure that there’ll be many 3 ………………………
off at college and many mothers and fathers back at home that will find this a great
4……………………………………. I 5 ……………………………………. your next best
customers are 6 …………………………………….….
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1. congratulate
2. make
3. youngsters
4. joy
5. bet
6. grandmothers
17. Which ones describe things that are unreal in the present? Which ones
describe things that are unreal in the past? Write Present for Unreal Present and
Past for Unreal Past.
1. If fake videos became more widespread, we’d be in big trouble.
2. If scientists had found life on other planets, they would not have kept it secret.
3. If we’d had a universal vaccine in 2020, we could have saved a lot of lives.
4. If I were a scientist, medicine would be the area of most interest to me.
1. Present
2. Past
3. Past
4. Present
18. Choose the correct option.
1. I will have / would have made a flying car if I’d been a scientist.
2. What would you have done if you hadn’t had / didn’t have a computer?
3. If scientists wouldn’t have made / hadn’t made so many breakthroughs, we
wouldn’t have learned so much about our world.
4. If they had discovered life on other planets, many people would’ve chosen / would
choose to live there.
5. I wouldn’t have been able to answer if you had asked / asked me about AI before
this lesson.
1. would have
2. hadn’t had
3. hadn’t made
4. would’ve chosen
5. had asked
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19. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1. If I …………………………… (have) the choice, I ………………….………………
(choose) to study in a different school.
2. I ………………….……………… (study) more if I …………………………… (know)
there was a test today.
3. If I …………………………… (not / be) so bad at math when I was in school, I
………………….……………… (study) computer science.
4. If they …………………………… (discover) a way to grow meat before now, we
………………….……………… (use) more land for growing crops.
5. They ………………….……………… (solve) the problem of pollution a long time ago if
they …………………………… (find) a new source of clean energy.
6. I had a parrot when I was young. If it …………………………… (be) able to speak, I
………………….……………… (ask) it how it felt about being in a cage.
1. had had; would have chosen/would’ve chosen
2. would’ve studied/would have studied; had known/’d known
3. hadn’t been/had not been/’d not been; would have studied/ would’ve
studied/could have studied/could’ve studied/might have studied/might’ve
studied
4. had discovered/’d discovered; could have used/could’ve used/might have
used/might’ve used/would have used/ would’ve used
5. would have solved/would’ve solved; could have solved/ could’ve solved/might
have solved/might’ve solved; had found/’d found
6. had been/’d been; would have asked/would’ve asked/could have
asked/could’ve asked
20. Complete the statements with your own ideas.

1. If I had lived 100 years ago, I would have invented a new machine.
2. If scientists hadn’t invented robots, we wouldn't have been able to do dangerous work.
3. I wouldn’t have come to school today if I hadn’t had my car.
4. If I hadn’t come to school today, I would have missed the test.
19
21. Complete the rules of unreal past conditionals. Each gap indicates one
missing word.
Conditionals are unreal if the 1 ………………………… is untrue, imaginary, or
impossible, or if the situation was in 2 ………………………… and we can’t change it. To
talk about 3 ………………………… 4 ………………………… or situations and their
5………………………… 6 ………………………… in the past, use this form.
We use these forms: 7………………………… + 8………………………… /

9………………………… have + 10 …………………………
1. situation
2. the past
3. unreal
4. events
5. possible
6. consequences
7. if
8. past perfect
9. would
10. past participle
22. Choose the correct form.
1. If you had called / have called, I would have come.
2. I would have arrived at 10:00 am if the train have been / had been on time.
3. If they had announced / had announce the flight, I wouldn’t have missed it.
4. If it had stopped raining earlier, we would / would have come for a walk.
5. I would have been more understanding if she apologise / had apologised.
6. If the party had been at the weekend, more people would have / would come.
7. The organisers would have cancelled / would cancel the festival if it had rained.
8. The flock of birds wouldn’t have come in the garden if the cat be / had been there.
1. had called
2. had been
3. had announced
4. would have
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5. had apologized
6. would have
7. have cancelled
8. had been
23. C Tick (✓) the sentence that uses the unreal past conditional.
1. a. I wouldn’t have missed the movie if we had left home earlier.
b. If I miss the movie, I will leave go home earlier.
2. a. They would have won if they had practised more.
b. If they practise more, they will win.
3. a. If he works hard, he will pass the exam.
b. If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.
4. a. If he had known he would be late, he would have rung.
b. He knows he will be late, if he rings you before he leaves.
5. a. You would have finished on time if you had started earlier.
b. You could finish earlier if you start earlier.
6. a. I would buy a ring to make you happy.
b. If I had taken my purse, I would have bought that ring.
7. a. The store wouldn’t have closed if more people had shopped there.
b. If more people shop at the store, it will increase its profits.
8. a. My mother always makes a special meal if she knows she has visitors coming.
b. My mother would have made a special meal if she had known you were coming.
9. a. If I had taken a different route, I would have avoided the traffic.
b. If I take a different route, I will avoid the traffic.
10. a. If he enters the competition, he wins the prize.
b. He would have won the prize if he had entered the competition.
11. a. If she had known the truth, she would have told you.
b. She had known the truth, so she would have told you.
12. a. Manar would have arrived on time if she hadn’t missed the plane.
b. If Manar doesn’t miss the place, she will arrive on time.
1. a
2. a
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3. b
4. a
5. a
6. b
7. a
8. b
9. a
10. b
11. a
12. a
24. Choose two verbs from the list to complete the unreal past conditional
sentences with the correct forms.
caught crash know pass study win change finish miss ring take work
1. If I ………………………………… more, I would …………………………… my exams.
2. We would ………………………………… if they ……………………………… the rules.
3. If the alarm …………………… on time, he wouldn’t ………….…… his appointment.
4. The plane would ……………………………… if the engine …………………… on fire.
5. If everyone …………………… together, the project would ………….……… on time.
6. I would ……………………… a larger suitcase if I …………………………… the rules.
1. had studied / have passed
2. have won / hadn’t / had changed
3. had rung / have missed
4. have crashed / had caught
5. had worked / have finished
6. have taken / had known
25. Write one sentence for each verb in brackets using the unreal past
conditional.
1. (arrive) …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. (take) …………………….………………………………….…………………………………
3. (learn) …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. (choose) ………………………………………………………………………………………
22
26. You are going to hear the introduction of an interview about possible
scientific breakthroughs in the next 10 years. Complete the sentences with a
word or a number. 1.5
In a recent survey, people were asked about their attitude to science. The result was
generally very positive. I mean, who isn’t interested in science? Seventy-two percent of
people questioned said they were curious to know more about science. And 86 percent
said that science made them feel more hopeful about the future. But when they were
asked about specific future breakthroughs in transport, robotics, and food production,
they were less sure. Half of the people interviewed agreed that science often causes as
many problems as it solves. It was only in the field of medicine that people felt very
1. ………………………………….. of people are curious about science.

2. ………………………………….. say science makes them hopeful about the future.
3. Fifty percent say science causes as many ………………………………. as it solves.
4. People feel …………………………. that science can contribute to the field of medicine.
1. 72 %
2. 86 %
3. problems
4. positive
27. Listen to the interview and answer the questions. 1.6
The Next Scientific Game Changer

A: In a recent survey, people were asked about their attitude to science. The result was
generally very positive. I mean, who isn’t interested in science? Seventy-two percent of
people questioned said they were curious to know more about science. And 86 percent
said that science made them feel more hopeful about the future. But when they were
asked about specific future breakthroughs in transport, robotics, and food production,
they were less sure. Half of the people interviewed agreed that science often causes as
many problems as it solves. It was only in the field of medicine that people felt very
So, what about the scientists themselves? What are they excited about? My first guest is
a science writer who specialises in this topic. Kevin, what things do you think are going
to be game changers in the next decade or so? I mean, what things will revolutionise
our lives in a positive way?
B: Well, one of them is artificial intelligence . . . And before you say, “I’ve heard that
before,” I know it isn’t a new prediction. But the difference now is that “deep machine
learning” is a reality.
23
A: What’s “deep-machine learning”?
B: Deep machine learning is when computers teach themselves. They analyse lots of
data, and then they draw conclusions from it. A classic example of deep machine
learning is computers “learning” how to play chess. What other uses does it have? Well,
predicting the weather, for one. If you feed computers lots of data about past weather
events, they will become much better at giving accurate forecasts of future events.
Similarly, if you feed them enough information in another language, they will begin to
learn that language. So, in the future we will have much better translation tools. And if
machines are able to “learn” language in this way, we’ll also see a growth in the use of
companion robots. These are robots that can interact with people. So, they can educate
children, for example, or look after the elderly.
A: And are there dangers associated with artificial intelligence? Can you see any
problems with it?
B: Yes, there are dangers. One of them is a fairly recent phenomenon. It’s the ability of
computers to manipulate voice and video.
A: What do you mean “manipulate”?
B: Computers could show people doing things which they never actually did . . . and
then present it as fact.
A: That’s scary.
B: It is. If that became more widespread, we’d be in big trouble. Because it would mean
we could no longer trust our own eyes and ears.
A: Mmm . . . Well, what else excites scientists at the moment?
B: In astrobiology, it’s the possibility of finding life on other planets. How exciting would
that be? That possibility has increased enormously with the new James Webb Space
Telescope. Scientists could detect planets in other solar systems before. But now, for the
first time, they are going to be able to examine the characteristics of these planets. If
they were able to detect water on a planet, that would be a major breakthrough. And if
they found a world with a similar atmosphere to our Earth’s, then we would be much
closer to finding life on other planets.
A: And what about in the field of medicine? If I were a scientist, that would be the area
I’d be most interested in.
B: Well, the obvious breakthrough would be finding a universal vaccine. I mean a

vaccine that works against all viruses. If we’d had one for the COVID pandemic, we
could have saved a lot of lives in 2020. That would be an amazing breakthrough. But it’s
unlikely because viruses are so different from each other.
24
A. In which three areas of science does the expert talk about possible
breakthroughs? What will allow these breakthroughs?
Area of science Breakthrough(s)
1. .…………………………………………………… deep ………………………………………………

2. ..…………………………………………………… possibility of finding …………………………….
3. ..…………………………………………………… universal ………………………………………….
An
1. artificial intelligence, machine learning

2. astrobiology, life on other planets
3. medicine, vaccine
B. Write T for True, F for False or N for Not Given. Then correct each false statement
to make it true. 1.6
1. The idea that artificial intelligence will change our lives is not new.
2. Deep machine learning means that computers learn from the data they analyse.
3. Computers “learn” how to answer essay questions.
4. The speaker says that machines will use data to control weather events.
5. One danger with artificial intelligence is the possibility that computers will use video
or audio to show people doing things they didn’t do.
6. The new telescope means scientists can analyse planets in our solar system.
7. The speaker is hopeful we will find a universal vaccine soon.
8. Viruses are different from bacterial infections.
1. T
2. T
3. NG
4. F; The speaker says machines can use data to predict weather events.
5. T
6. F; The new telescope means scientists can examine the characteristics of
planets in other solar systems.
7. F; The speaker is doubtful we will find a universal vaccine soon because viruses
are so different from each other.
8. NG
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C. Choose the questions from the interview you think are rhetorical.
1. Who isn’t interested in science?
2. What’s “deep machine learning”?
3. Are there dangers associated with artificial intelligence?
4. How exciting would that be?
1&4
28. Read and listen to each extract and fill in the gaps with the words you hear.
Then listen again and tick (✓) the main idea. 1.1
1. The result was generally very a ………………………………. I mean, who isn’t

interested in science? Seventy-two percent of people questioned said they were
curious to know more about b ………………………………. And 86 percent said that
science made them feel more c ………………………………. about the future. But
when they were asked about specific future breakthroughs in transport, robotics, and
food production, they were less sure.
a. Scientific experiments
b. Future scientific breakthroughs in robotics
c. People’s attitudes to science
2. They analyse lots of data, and then they draw d ………………………………. from it. A
classic example of deep machine learning is computers “learning” how to play
chess. What other uses does it have? Well, predicting the e …………...……………….,
for one. If you feed computers lots of data about past weather events, they will
become much better at giving f ………………………………. forecasts of future
events.
a. Machines can learn to play chess
b. Deep machine learning
c. Machines can get better at giving accurate forecasts.
3. That possibility has g ……………………………………. enormously with the new
James Webb Space Telescope. Scientists could detect planets in other solar systems
h ……………….….……………... But now, for the first time, they are going to be able
to i ………………………………. the characteristics of these planets. If they were able
to detect water on a planet, that would be a j ………………………… breakthrough.
26
a. Scientists are now able to detect planets in other solar systems.
b. The James Webb telescope is making it possible for scientists to see more in space.
c. Science has made a breakthrough in detecting water on planets.
a. positive
b. science
c. hopeful
d. conclusions
e. weather
f. accurate
g. increased
h. before
i. examine
j. major
1. c
2. b
3. b
29. Unscramble each sentence to make a rhetorical question.
1. the to protect the planet is this way

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. the sea in fish do swim
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. what call you this time do
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. remembered what we is that want for to be
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. done for what the have ever us Romans
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. green is energy what
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
27
7. go does around the the sun earth
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. do the we pollution the in oceans about care
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1. Is this the way to protect the planet?

2. Do fish swim in the sea?
3. What time do you call this?
4. Is that what we want to be remembered for?
5. What have the Romans ever done for us?
6. What is green energy?
7. Does the earth go around the sun?
8. Do we care about the pollution in the oceans?
30. Underline the questions that are rhetorical.
1. Do we want to save our planet?
2. Do you want to come to the lecture on the James Webb telescope?
3. Who wouldn’t want to explore space?
4. Can birds fly?
5. Who wants to volunteer to join the space mission?
6. Does money grow on trees?
7. Is this called a pennyroyal plant?
8. What would I give to be a millionaire?
1 Do we want to save our planet?

3 Who wouldn’t want to explore space?
4 Can birds fly?
6 Does money grow on trees?
8 What would I give to be a millionaire?
28
1. certain to happen a. complex 1.
2. difficult to understand b. consequence 2.
3. to guide actions c. direct 3.
4. huge; enormous ; gigantic; massive d. inevitable 4.
5. the result of something e. optimistic 5.
6. positive about the future f. prospect 6.
7. something that may happen g. resource 7.
8. something you have to do; a duty h. responsibility 8.
9. knowledge, experience, good judgement i. vast 9.
10. money, materials, or other things that can be used to j. wisdom 10.
reach a goal
11. a natural substance that is necessary for growth and k. just around 11.
strength the corner
12. coming very soon l. protein 12.
13. programming instructions that help computers solve m. myth 13.
problems
14. an untrue story or idea that many people believe n. algorithms 14.
1. inevitable
2. complex
3. direct
4. vast
5. consequence
6. optimistic
7. prospect
8. responsibility
9. wisdom
10. resource
11. protein
12. just around the corner
13. algorithms
14. myth
29
32. Underline the error in the definition. Then write the correct definition
underneath.
1. complex (adj) easy to understand
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. consequence (n) the start of something
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. direct (v) to take actions
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. inevitable (adj) could happen
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. optimistic (adj) worried about the future
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. prospect (n) something that won’t happen
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. resource (n) money, materials, or other things that can’t be used to reach a goal
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. responsibility (n) something you do not have to do; a duty
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. vast (adj) small; not very big
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. wisdom (n) knowledge, experience, poor judgement
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1. difficult to understand
2. the result of something
3. to guide actions
4. certain to happen
5. positive about the future
6. something that may happen
7. money, materials or other things that can be used to reach a goal
8. something you have to do; a duty
9. huge; enormous
10. knowledge, experience, good judgement
30
33. Complete each sentence with a word from the previous Activity.
1. I don’t like to ………………………………… other people. In fact, I prefer others
telling me what to do.
2. I was kind of negative when I was younger, but I’m more ………………………… now.
3. I like playing video games, but in general I prefer simple games to …………… ones.
4. I think it’s ………………………………… that robots will change our world a lot.
5. I’ve made some mistakes in my life, but luckily none have had serious ……………….
6. In general, I think that older people have more ………………………………… than
younger people.
7. One of the most important ……………………… at a school or university is the library.
8. There’s a ………………………………… difference between phones now and phones
from 20 years ago.
9. When I am given a task to do, I feel that it’s my ………………………………… to do it
as well as possible.
10. The ………………………… of robots taking over the world doesn’t seem very likely.
1. direct
2. optimistic
3. complex
4. inevitable
5. consequences
6. wisdom
7. resources
8. vast
9. responsibility
10. prospect
31
34. Read the two articles and answer the questions.
A ROBOT FUTURE? NOT SO FAST!
1.8
1. Like many people, I think humanlike robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are just
around the corner. Some people think that “AI is going to make us work better, live
longer, and have cleaner energy.” I hope they’re right, but I’m less optimistic than
they are.
2. On one hand, artificial intelligence is already benefiting society. In late 2020, an AI

was able to suggest how unfamiliar proteins might affect the body. This knowledge
will help scientists better understand new diseases, which often contain unknown
proteins, and develop medicines more effectively and cheaply.
3. On the other hand, the prospect that robots or AI might cause problems for society
has been described in stories for many years. In recent years, it has gone from being
fiction to fact. Many people have lost their jobs to robots and computers. A recent
report suggests that many more people might lose their jobs in the next 10 years.
4. The opposite situation happened in 2019. At the time, a Japanese company owned a
hotel that was run by robots. Unfortunately, they kept making mistakes, such as
waking guests up at night. The company eventually had to “fire” the robots and hire
humans to replace many of them. Waking people up is a minor problem, but I think
it’s inevitable that, at some point, a robot or AI will make a major error. And that
could have serious consequences.
5. The famous science-fiction author Isaac Asimov said that “Science gathers
knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.” I think Asimov is right. Before we
give control to AI, shouldn’t we first develop the wisdom to control our own
intelligence?
AI FOR A BETTER TOMORROW

1.9
1. Almost every culture has myths about machines eventually becoming more powerful
than their creators and then trying to kill them. Nobody really knows what the future
holds, and it’s human nature to be afraid of the unknown. However, machines were
created by people, so it’s only logical that they should help people.
2. People are interested in AI because of the potential dangers, but I don’t think
artificial intelligence is something to fear. I believe it is a very powerful tool that can
improve the planet for humans. With the right resources, AI can benefit humanity
because it will allow us to do things much more efficiently and expand our
knowledge and understanding.
3. Machines are able to do many things that humans cannot do. They can remember
vast amounts of information, and they never forget. They can control larger and more
complex machines than any one human could ever control.
32
4. But it’s not the computer that does the work; it’s just a tool designed to do a specific
set of operations. For example, a computer is designed to use algorithms to solve
problems. Human minds are not as good at this sort of thing.
5. I believe technology can be scary, but it’s what we make of it. It can do a lot of good
if we use it right and if we make an effort to control it. We built it, so it’s our
responsibility to at least help direct it in some way. However, I also believe we
should let AI do some things on its own and that we do have the wisdom to control
machine intelligence.
A. Look at the titles of the two articles. Which article do you think expresses a
positive view and which one expresses a negative view?
Positive: AI For A Better Tomorrow
Negative: A Robot Future? Not So Fast!
B. Read the statements. Where is each idea stated? Write R (A Robot Future? Not So
Fast!), AI (AI for a Better Tomorrow), B (both texts), or N (neither text).
1. Computers and artificial intelligence are powerful tools that people can control.
2. Most people don’t mind robots that look human but are less sure about other
intelligent machines.
3. Artificial intelligence can do things people cannot do and can improve our lives.
4. Robots and AI have already had a negative effect on society, and this may get worse.
1. B
2. N
3. B
4. R
C. Read the statements and find the information in the article. Which paragraph did
you find it in?
1. A large number of people have already lost their jobs to robots or computers.
2. AI was able to find a lot of information about proteins.
3. Computers and other machines are resources and support that can help people.
4. With enough kinds of tools, AI can make the world a better place.
5. Its robot staff made many mistakes, so a hotel in Japan had to hire humans.
1. Article 1: paragraph 3
33
D. Skim the two articles again and tick (✓) the best description.
1. One writer expresses positive views, and the other one expresses negative views.
2. One writer expresses both positive and negative views; the other is just positive.
3. One writer gives only negative opinions; the other is both positive and negative.
35. Read the following text and answer the questions below.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has many benefits, with the potential to revolutionise our lives.
It can make industries more efficient, help medical diagnosis, and personalise online
experiences. However, many people still have concerns about the disadvantages. AI’s
reliance on data raises privacy issues, and the way it makes automation much easier
could cause the loss of many jobs. In addition, there are ethical issues surrounding AI
decision-making. Despite these challenges, AI continues to evolve, presenting
opportunities for innovation and growth.
1. What are two advantages of artificial intelligence mentioned in the text?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What are two disadvantages associated with the use of AI, according to the text?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How does the text suggest AI is evolving, despite its challenges?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. make industries more efficient; help medical diagnoses; personalise online
experiences.
3. privacy issues; loss of jobs; ethical issues
4. It presents opportunities for innovation and growth.
34
36. Underline the objects in the sentences below. What two forms do you notice?
How do they differ in meaning?
1. In the article "Robots: From Fiction to Fact", the writer talks about how robots
might change the world.
2. In the article "Robots: From Fiction to Fact", the writer talks about robots.
37. Find and underline these noun clauses in the model summary 1 paragraph
in Lesson 7.
A noun clause that is . . .
1. the object of discuss.
2. the object of explain.
3. the object of mention.
4. the object of a gerund.
5. the object of question.
1. how they might change the world
2. that robots began as an idea in a play by Karel Čapek
3. that early bots were not very advanced
4. that bots and robots will become even more important in the future
5. whether this will be good or bad for society
38. Complete the sentences with words from the list.
how that what when where whether why
1. It’s hard to explain ………………… some people worry about robots.
2. Many people are interested in knowing ………………… robots are made.
3. Some experts say ………………… humanlike robots will soon exist.
4. The year 1920 is ………………… the word robot was first used.
5. We don’t know ………………… machines will be a danger to society.
6. ………………… some artificial intelligence can do is really amazing.
1. why
2. how/where
3. that
35
4. when
5. whether
6. What
39. Unscramble the following words to make correct sentences in your
notebook.
1. is that address every Assuming misguided can robots human issue.
2. be with decide Whatever will fine you me.
3. about she said What the was project really interesting.
4. She why failed explain can the experiment.
5. curious how are We she many learned languages so.
6. asked if completed the everyone teacher assignment had The.
1. Assuming that robots can address every human issue is misguided.
2. Whatever you decide will be fine with me.
3. What she said about the project was really interesting.
4. She can explain why the experiment failed.
5. We are curious how she learned so many languages.
6. The teacher asked if everyone had completed the assignment
40. Find and correct five errors with noun clauses in this summary of a video.
The video Rise of the Robobees describes how are Robert Wood and his team are
developing robots based on animals. They are currently working on robobees.
Wood says what these tiny robots could be useful in many ways, such as
exploring dangerous places or helping with agriculture. The team tests their
robots many times, and Wood explains who these tests often go wrong. However,
every failure helps them move closer to success. Wood and his team have also
developed a robot that can run faster than Usain Bolt. Wood describes how can
this robot climb on different kinds of material. At the end of the video, Wood talks
about creating robots that can interact gently with people. Wood is excited
because he believes when robots will affect people’s lives in positive ways soon.
36
The video Rise of the Robobees describes how 1are Robert Wood and his team
are developing robots based on animals. They are currently working on
robobees. Wood says 2what that these tiny robots could be useful in many ways,
such as exploring dangerous places or helping with agriculture. The team tests
their robots many times, and Wood explains 3who that/why these tests often go
wrong. However, every failure helps them move closer to success. Wood and his
team have also developed a robot that can run faster than Usain Bolt. Wood
describes how 4can this robot can climb on different kinds of material. At the end
of the video, Wood talks about creating robots that can interact gently with
people. Wood is excited because he believes 5when that robots will affect
people’s lives in positive ways soon.
41. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct verb to go before the noun
clause.
believe believing cause found says think
1. AI …………………………… an answer to a problem.
2. The police …………………………… that thieves used AI.
3. AI might …………………………… problems for society.
4. A recent report …………………………… that people might lose their jobs.
5. Scientists …………………………… that the results are correct.
6. …………………………… that we can change is important.
1. found
2. think
3. cause
4. says
5. believe
6. Believing
37
42. Match a sentence starter with a noun clause.
1. AI was able to suggest a. whether I can come for supper yet.
2. It’s not easy to understand b. what they found.
3. The scientists explained c. that the weather will change is a mistake.
4. He doesn’t know d. how unfamiliar proteins work.
5. Believing e. how the robot works.
6. A lot of people are interested in f. when his results will come out.
1. d
2. e
3. b
4. f
5. c
6. a
43. Complete this conversation with noun clauses from the list.
that it could be joking what I must do where I can hide
that it might be dangerous what’s wrong why you would say that
A: You look worried. Do you want to tell me 1___________________________?
B: It’s my robot. I think 2___________________________. It keeps saying, “Taking
control of the world is 3___________________________!”
A: Hmm. It doesn’t look dangerous. Do you think 4___________________________?
B: Joking?! I don’t know 5___________________________. It’s a HAL-9000 robot:
They don’t joke.
A: That’s true. I don’t think you need to be concerned, though. It’s probably
nothing.
B: You’re right. But I’m going to decide 6___________________________ if it does
attack.
1. what’s wrong
2. that it might be dangerous
3. what I must do
38
4. that it could be joking
5. why you would say that
6. where I can hide
44. Read the quotations. Then answer the questions with noun clauses.
“People are fascinated with robots because they are reflections of ourselves.”—
Ken Goldberg, professor at University of California, Berkeley
“I think people will have . . . friendships with robots in the future.”—Cynthia
Breazeal, professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1. What does Ken Goldberg believe about people?
2. What does Cynthia Breazeal suggest about the future?
1. robots are reflections of ourselves

2. people will have friendships with robots
Drones are used for many purposes, including aerial photography, delivery
services, agricultural monitoring, and environmental research. AI careers are not
limited to information technology and engineering, but include marketing,
finance, and research and development. Smartphone technology, online
shopping, and diagnosing illness. AI is at the forefront of massive digital
transformation, changing the world we live in. These topics are some of the ones
that are currently experiencing rapid change and growth. What might happen in
these different fields?
39
45. Complete the sentences with the words from the list.
artificial concerned distinguish lack turn out capable of content knowledge
resemble valid
1. Do you believe that …………………. things, such as flowers, can be as beautiful as
natural ones?
2. Are you ………………… with how much free time you have, or would you like more?
3. What is something you are currently ………………… about? Why does it worry you?
4. Which relative do you most …………………? Your father, mother, or somebody else?
5. Where do you get most of your …………………… about the world from? Books, TV,
or social media?
6. What food groups do you …………………… in your diet? For example, do you eat
enough vegetables?
7. What is a …………………… reason for not doing an assignment? Would your teacher
agree that it’s a good reason?
8. What is one thing you are ……………… doing that most people you know cannot do?
9. Have you ever had a project ……………… better than you hoped? What happened?
10. Can you usually …………………… truth from lies?
1. artificial
2. content
3. concerned
4. Resemble
5. knowledge
6. lack
7. valid
8. capable of
9. turn out
10. distinguish
40
46. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. If I ……………………………... (save) more money last year, I
……………………………... (buy) a more expensive computer.
2. Scientists ……………………………... (not / make) robots if science fiction authors
……………………………... (not / think) of them a long time ago.
3. If you ……………………………... (not decide) to learn English, what language
……………………………... (you / study) instead?
4. I ……………………………... (not / buy) this smartphone if I ………………………...
(know) it was so complicated.
5. We ……………………………... (not / know) about deep machine learning if we
……………………………... (not listen) to the interview in the previous lesson.
1. had saved; could have/could’ve/ would have/would’ve/ might have/ might’ve
bought
2. would/could/might not have made; had not/hadn’t thought
3. hadn’t decided; would/could/might you have studied
4. would/might not have bought; I had known
5. would not have known; hadn’t listened
47. Complete this conversation with noun clauses from the box.
that it could be joking what I must do where I can hide
that it might be dangerous what’s wrong why you would say that
A: You look worried. Do you want to tell me 1 …………………………… ?
B: It’s my new robot. I think 2 ……………………………. It keeps saying, “Taking control
of the world is 3 ……………………………!”
A: Hmm. It doesn’t look dangerous. Do you think 4 ……………………………?
B: Joking?! I don’t know 5 ………………………. It’s a HAL - 9000 robot: They don’t joke.
A: That’s true. I don’t think you need to be concerned, though. It’s probably nothing.
B: You’re right. But I’m going to decide 6 …………………………… if it does attack.
1. what’s wrong
2. that it might be dangerous
41
3. what I must do
4. that it could be joking
5. why you would say that
6. where I can hide
48. Choose a word that you learnt in the unit to complete the sentence.
1. The ……………………………. of the article is very interesting.
2. I don’t like ……………………………. flowers.
3. The weather scientists are ……………………………. about a storm that is growing.
4. She is a very ……………………………. child.
5. That is a strange ……………………………..
6. AI will ……………………………. the way we communicate.
7. I’d like to ……………………………. you on winning the prize.
8. It’s hard to ……………………………. what life will be like in 2050.
9. Do you feel ……………………………. about the future?
10. Can you ……………………………. me to the nearest railway station?
1. content
2. artificial
3. concerned
4. curious
5. phenomenon
6. revolutionize
7. congratulate
8. envision
42
9. optimistic
10. direct
49. Complete the questions about the grammar you learnt in the unit. Add
examples.
1. When can you use unreal past conditionals?
2. Use the words to create a sentence using an unreal past conditional.
miss / train / home / earlier
3. What does a noun clause always include?
4. Use the words to create a sentence with a noun clause.
my / friend / that
1. When a situation is untrue, imaginary, or impossible or if the situation was in
the past and you can’t change it.
2. I wouldn’t have missed the train if I had left home earlier.
3. a subject and a verb
4. My friend believes that we should think about it.
50. Complete the sentences with the unreal past conditional form of the verb in
brackets.
1. If robots …………………………... (have) emotions, they …………………………...
(be) more like humans.
2. If AI …………………………... (be) perfect, there …………………………... (be) no
need for human intervention.
3. If we …………………………... (not program) the robot correctly, it
…………………………... (not function) properly.
4. If AI …………………………... (possess) emotions, it …………………………... (raise)
ethical questions.
5. If robots …………………………... (not exist), our lives …………………………... (be)
vastly different.
1. If robots had had emotions, they would have been more like humans.
43
2. If AI had been perfect, there would have been no need for human intervention.
3. If we had not / hadn’t programmed the robot correctly, it would not / wouldn’t
have functioned properly.
4. If AI had possessed emotions, it would have raised ethical questions.
5. If robots had not existed, our lives would have been vastly different.
51. Underline the noun clause in each sentence.

1. Scientists are studying how robots can assist in healthcare.
2. The CEO is unsure whether AI will benefit the company in the long term.
3. Engineers are designing robots that can adapt to different environments.
4. It is unclear if robots will ever achieve true consciousness.
5. The main question is whether AI development should be regulated.
1. Scientists are studying how robots can assist in healthcare.

2. The CEO is unsure whether AI will benefit the company in the long term.
3. Engineers are designing robots that can adapt to different environments.
4. It is unclear if robots will ever achieve true consciousness.
5. The main question is whether AI development should be regulated.
44

Reflect 11 Eng. 201 Unit 1 (Q & A)

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Reflect 11 (Eng.

201 Unit 1 OUR ROBOT FUTURE)

7. Match the words 1–10 with the definitions a–j.

1. They have invented a new personal communication device.

4……………………………………. I 5 ……………………………………. your next best

customers are 6 …………………………………….….

20. Complete the statements with your own ideas.

5………………………… 6 ………………………… in the past, use this form.

We use these forms: 7………………………… + 8………………………… /

1. ………………………………….. of people are curious about science.

The Next Scientific Game Changer

A: What do you mean “manipulate”?

A: Mmm . . . Well, what else excites scientists at the moment?

B: Well, the obvious breakthrough would be finding a universal vaccine. I mean a

1. .…………………………………………………… deep ………………………………………………

1. artificial intelligence, machine learning

1. The result was generally very a ………………………………. I mean, who isn’t

29. Unscramble each sentence to make a rhetorical question.

1. the to protect the planet is this way

1. Is this the way to protect the planet?

1 Do we want to save our planet?

2. On one hand, artificial intelligence is already benefiting society. In late 2020, an AI

AI FOR A BETTER TOMORROW

1. robots are reflections of ourselves

51. Underline the noun clause in each sentence.

1. Scientists are studying how robots can assist in healthcare.

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