PMT Education

GCSE Predicted Paper 2024

CHEMISTRY (based on AQA)
Higher Tier Paper 1
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Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Materials For Marker’s Use

For this paper you must have:
● a ruler Question Mark
● a scientific calculator
● the periodic table. 1

2
Instructions
● Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
● Pencils should only be used for drawing.
● Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
● Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the
5
box around each page or on blank pages.
● Do all rough workings in this book. Cross through any work you do not 7
want to be marked.
● In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. 8

9
Information
● The maximum mark for this paper is 100. TOTAL
● The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
● You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
● You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
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0 1 In 1911 Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which alpha particles were fired
at a thin sheet of gold foil. The experiment led to the plum pudding model of the atom
being replaced by the nuclear model.

0 1 . 1 Describe the differences between the plum pudding model and the nuclear model of the
atom.
[3 marks]

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0 1 . 2 Explain how the alpha particle scattering experiment led to the acceptance of the
nuclear model of the atom.
[2 marks]

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Gold is a transition metal. Other examples of transition metals are iron, nickel and
cobalt.

0 1 . 3 Give two properties of transition metals.

[2 marks]

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Gold is sometimes used in the form of nanoparticles.

0 1 . 4 Figure 1 shows us a nanoparticle. Each side of the cube has a length of 30 nm.

Figure 1

Calculate the volume of the cube in Figure 1.

[1 mark]

Volume of the cube = ________________________ nm

0 1 . 5 Give an advantage of using nanoparticles compared with larger particle sizes.

[1 mark]

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0 2 Phosphine is a highly toxic gas, which is found in the atmosphere of

Jupiter. It has the molecular formula PH3.

0 2 . 1 Complete Figure 2 to show the outer electrons in a phosphine molecule. [2 marks]

Figure 2

0 2 . 2 What is the type of bond in phosphine?

Tick () one box.

[1 mark]

Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

0 2 . 3 Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentences.

Phosphine is a [ simple covalent | giant covalent | solid ] molecule.

Phosphine has a low boiling point because it has weak [ electrostatic forces |
intermolecular forces | covalent bonds ].

It takes [ a lot | a small amount | no ] energy to turn phosphine from a liquid into
a gas.

[3 marks]
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There is some evidence suggesting that the planets Neptune and Uranus contain large
amounts of diamond.

Figure 3.1 represents the structure of diamond. Figure 3.2 represents the structure of
graphite.

Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2

0 2 . 4 Explain why diamond is very hard, while graphite is very soft. Your answer should
include a comparison of the structure and bonding in diamond with that of graphite.
[6 marks]

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0 3 Hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium in an exothermic reaction.

The equation for the reaction is:

2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

A student investigated the effect of changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid on

the maximum temperature reached by the reaction mixture.

0 3 . 1 Plan a method to investigate how changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid

affects the highest temperature reached by the reaction mixture.
[6 marks]

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Magnesium chloride is a salt.

0 3 . 2 Give the name of another substance which would form magnesium chloride when
reacted with hydrochloric acid.
[1 mark]

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Magnesium chloride is an ionic substance.

0 3 . 3 Describe what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with 2 chlorine atoms. Answer
in terms of electrons.
[4 marks]

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0 3 . 4 State symbols are used in chemical equations to show the state of each substance in a
reaction. Complete the table.
[1 mark] 12

Table 1
state liquid aqueous

symbol s g

Turn over to the next question

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0 4 Table 2 shows the properties of the subatomic particles.

0 4 . 1 Complete the table.

[3 marks]

Table 2

mass charge location

proton

neutron

Very small

Before the discovery of the subatomic particles, the elements were arranged in the
periodic table by their atomic weights.

0 4 . 2 Complete the sentences below.

When Mendeleev designed his periodic table he placed elements with similar
properties in ___________ . He also left gaps for _______________ elements.
[2 marks]
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0 4 . 3 Complete Figure 4 to show the electronic structure of a fluoride ion (F-).

[2 marks]

Figure 4

0 4 . 4 Copper has two stable isotopes.

63
Cu has a relative abundance of 69.15 %

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Cu has a relative abundance of 30.85 %

Calculate the relative atomic mass of copper.

Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

[2 marks]

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0 5 A student is investigating the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.

The equation for this reaction is shown below.

2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

15.0 cm3 of sulfuric acid reacts with 20.0 cm3 of 0.250 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide.

0 5 . 1 Find the concentration of the acid in mol/dm3.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

[6 marks]

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Concentration of acid = ___________________mol/dm3

0 5 . 2 What is an acid?

Tick () the correct box.

[1 mark]

A substance which releases H+ ions.

A substance which removes H+ ions.

A substance with no H+ ions.

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0 5 . 3 Sulfuric acid is a strong acid, ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

Explain how a strong acid is different from a weak acid.

[2 marks]

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Sodium sulfate is used in the paper making industry.

One method of making sodium sulfate is shown below.

2 NaHCO3(aq) + MgSO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + MgCO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

0 5 . 4 Calculate the percentage atom economy for the method of producing sodium sulfate.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): H = 1 O=2 Na = 23 Mg = 24 S = 32

[4 marks]

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Percentage atom economy (3 significant figures) = ____________________%

Question 5 continues on the next page

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A chemist wants to make 30 g sodium sulfate.

0 5 . 5 Calculate how much magnesium carbonate will be produced. Give

your answer to 1 decimal place.

[3 marks]

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________________ g 16
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0 6 Hydrogen fuel cells are sometimes used to generate electricity for cars.

0 6 . 1 Give the half equations for the electrode reactions in a hydrogen fuel cell.
[4 marks]

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0 6 . 2 Give an advantage and a disadvantage of using hydrogen fuel cells to power an electric
car.
[2 marks]

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Question 6 continues on the next page

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0 6 . 3 Draw a diagram of the cell.

Label the electrolyte and the 2 metal electrodes.

[2 marks]

Ethanol is a fuel sometimes used in vehicles.

The reaction for the combustion of ethanol is shown below, this is an exothermic
reaction.
ethanol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

0 6 . 4 Draw the energy change diagram for the reaction between methanol and oxygen.

Label the activation energy.

[2 marks]
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0 6 . 5 The balanced symbol equation for the reaction between methanol and oxygen is
shown below:

CH3OH + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Use the data in Table 3 to calculate the overall energy change of the reaction.
[3 marks]

Table 3

Bond Bond energy in KJ

C-H 435

C-O 336

O-H 464

O=O 498

C=O 830

13

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0 7 A student is given three different metals, Cu, Zn and Fe.

She is also given sulfate solutions of those metals; CuSO4, ZnSO4 and FeSO4.

0 7 . 1 Describe a method the student could use to determine the order of reactivity of these
metals.
[4 marks]

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Carbon can be used to extract copper from copper oxide.

0 7 . 2 Balance the equation below:

[1 mark]

__CuO + C → __Cu + CO2

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0 7 . 3 Explain why copper is reduced. Answer in terms of electrons.

[1 mark]

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0 8 This question is about electrolysis of aqueous solutions.

A student investigates the electrolysis of different solutions using graphite electrodes.

Figure 5 shows a simplified version of the electrolysis cell used.

Figure 5

0 8 . 1 Explain why the salt solution is able to conduct electricity.

[2 marks]

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0 8 . 2 An aqueous solution of copper sulfate is electrolysed. Give the products at the

electrodes.
[2 marks]

Positive electrode __________________

Negative electrode _________________

Question 8 continues on the next page

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0 8 . 3 An aqueous solution of potassium chloride is electrolysed. Give the products at the

electrodes.
[2 marks]

Positive electrode _________________

Negative electrode ________________

Figure 6 shows aluminium being extracted from aluminium oxide, Al2O3 using
electrolysis.

Figure 6

0 8 . 4 Explain why the carbon electrodes need to be continually replaced?

Include a balanced symbol equation in your answer.

[3 marks]

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0 8 . 5 Give the half equation for the reduction of aluminium ions.

[2 marks]
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0 9 Hydrazine is a flammable liquid used as a propellant in rocket fuel. It has the

molecular formula N2H4. An equation for the synthesis of hydrazine is shown below.

NH2Cl + NH3 → N2H4 + HCl

0 9 . 1 A chemist adds 100 g NH3 to 400 g NH2Cl.

Show that NH3 is the limiting reactant.

[4 marks]

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The chemist isolates 26 g of hydrazine.

0 9 . 2 Calculate the percentage yield for this reaction.

[3 marks]

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Percentage yield = ______________ %

Hydrazine is passed over a catalyst to release hydrogen gas in the following equation:

N2H4(l) → N2(g) + 2H2(g)

The chemist puts 20 g of hydrazine onto the catalyst, it completely reacts.

0 9 . 3 Calculate the total volume of gas produced at room temperature and pressure.
[5 marks]

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Volume of gas = _______________ 12

END OF QUESTIONS