Introduction To Research

introduction to research
2nd year
reserch is scientific inquiry aimed at learning new facts
or testing idea Through collection, analysis and
interpretation of data to generate new knowledge and
answer certain question or solve a problem
types of research
research
Basic research applied research

types of research
research
observational experimental
types of research
research
Quantitative Qualitative
research research
types of research
1) essential health research
2) Clinical research
3) biomedical research
objectives of research
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it

(exploratory or formative research studies).
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation

or a group (descriptive research studies).
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is

associated with something else (diagnostic research studies).
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (hypothesis-

testing research studies).
Characteristics of research
1) It demands a clear statement of the problem.
2) It requires a plan.
3) It builds on existing data, using both positive and negative findings.
4) New data should be collected as required and be organized in such a
way that they answer the research question(s).

research hypothesis
A researcher hypothesis is a formal question that Researcher intends to
resolve.
proposition or a set of proposition set to explain the occurrence of some
specified phenomena either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture
to guide some investigation, or accepted as highly probable in the light
of established facts.
research hypothesis
(i) Hypothesis should be clear and precise predictive Statement.
(ii) Hypothesis should be capable of being tested.
(iii) Hypothesis should relate independent variables to dependent
variables, if it happens to be a relational hypothesis.
(iv) Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific.

(v) Hypothesis should be stated as far as possible in most simple terms .
(vi) Hypothesis should be consistent with most known facts.
(vii) Hypothesis should be amenable to testing within a reasonable time.
(viii) Hypothesis must explain the facts that gave rise to the need for
explanation.
motivations of research
1. Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential

benefits.
2. Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems.
3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work.
4. Desire to be of service to society.

research problem
Definition
some di culties which a researcher experiences in either a

theortheoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain a solution for
the same
Whether a problem requires research depends on three conditions:
1) di erence between what it is and what it should be.
II) The reasons should be unclear
III) There should be more than one possible answer to the question.
selecting a problem
The following points selecting a research problem or a subject for research:
1- Subject which is overdone should NOT be chosen, for it will be a di cult task to throw any new
light.
2- Controversial subject should NOT be chosen for an average researcher.
3- Too narrow or too vague problems should be avoided.
4-The subject should be familiar and feasible.
5-The importance of the subject, the qualifications and the training of a researcher, the costs
involved, the time factor are few other criteria that must also be considered in selecting a problem.
Defining a problem
Technique involved in defining a problem.
(i) Statement of the problem in a general way.
(ii) Understanding the nature of the problem.
(iii) Surveying the available literature.
(iv) Developing the ideas through discussions.
(v) Rephrasing the research problem.

Criteria for prioritization a research problem
1. Relevance 4. Politically acceptable ensure
How large?
Who is a ected? smooth conduct of the research
How severe is the problem?
5. Applicability of results and
1. Avoidance of duplication
recommendations
2. Feasibility: cost, time,
6. Urgency of data needed
equipment, personnel are
locally available. 7. Ethical acceptability
- In choosing research problem, help maybe taken from a
research guide e.g: health care Managers, community
leaders & researchers
- Every researcher must find out his own salvation of the
problem
Analysing the problem
A systematic analysis of the problem completed by the researchers, health
workers, managers, and community representatives
because:
a- Enables those concerned to bring together their knowledge of the

problem.
b- Clarifies the problem and the possible factors that may be contributing
to it.
c- Facilitates decisions concerning the focus and scope of the research.

Formulating problem statement
After identifying, selecting and analyzing the problem, the next major section in a
research proposal is "statement of the problem".
a) a clear statement of the problem:
**Is the foundation for the research proposal (research objectives, methodology,
work plan, etc).
**Makes it easier to find information and reports of similar studies.
**Enables the researcher to point out why the research should be undertaken
and what you hope to achieve with the study results
Problem statement components
**A brief description of socioeconomic and cultural characteristics and an overview of health status.
**A detailed description of the nature of the problem

1. basic description of the research problem.
2. size,
3.distributions,
4. severity (who is a ected, where, since when, etc.).
** major factors that may influence the problem

** argument that available knowledge is insu cient to answer a certain question and to update the
previous knowledge.
**A brief description of any solutions that have been tried in the past,
**A description of information expected to result from the project and how it will solve the problem
**If necessary, a short list of definitions

- Selecting
- Defining
Problem - Prioritization
- Analyzing
- Stating
research proposal

Introduction To Research

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction To Research

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction To Research

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

introduction to research

Basic research applied research

1) essential health research

1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it

2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation

3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is

4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (hypothesis-

1) It demands a clear statement of the problem.

3) It builds on existing data, using both positive and negative ﬁndings.

4) New data should be collected as required and be organized in such a

way that they answer the research question(s).

A researcher hypothesis is a formal question that Researcher intends to

proposition or a set of proposition set to explain the occurrence of some

speciﬁed phenomena either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture

to guide some investigation, or accepted as highly probable in the light

(i) Hypothesis should be clear and precise predictive Statement.

(ii) Hypothesis should be capable of being tested.

(iii) Hypothesis should relate independent variables to dependent

variables, if it happens to be a relational hypothesis.

(iv) Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be speciﬁc.

(vi) Hypothesis should be consistent with most known facts.

(vii) Hypothesis should be amenable to testing within a reasonable time.

1. Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential

2. Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems.

3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work.

4. Desire to be of service to society.

some di culties which a researcher experiences in either a

Whether a problem requires research depends on three conditions:

1) di erence between what it is and what it should be.

II) The reasons should be unclear

The following points selecting a research problem or a subject for research:

2- Controversial subject should NOT be chosen for an average researcher.

3- Too narrow or too vague problems should be avoided.

4-The subject should be familiar and feasible.

Technique involved in deﬁning a problem.

(i) Statement of the problem in a general way.

(ii) Understanding the nature of the problem.

(iii) Surveying the available literature.

(iv) Developing the ideas through discussions.

(v) Rephrasing the research problem.

research guide e.g: health care Managers, community

leaders & researchers

- Every researcher must ﬁnd out his own salvation of the

a- Enables those concerned to bring together their knowledge of the

c- Facilitates decisions concerning the focus and scope of the research.

a) a clear statement of the problem:

**Makes it easier to find information and reports of similar studies.

**A detailed description of the nature of the problem

** major factors that may inﬂuence the problem

**If necessary, a short list of deﬁnitions

You might also like