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Centre Candidate
Surname
Number Number
Other Names 2

GCE AS – NEW

B410U10-1 S17-B410U10-1

CHEMISTRY – AS component 1
The Language of Chemistry, Structure of Matter
and Simple Reactions

FRIDAY, 26 MAY 2017 – MORNING

1 hour 30 minutes For Examiner’s use only
Maximum Mark
Question
Mark Awarded
Section A 1. to 8. 10

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Section B 9. 13

01
10. 15
11. 15
12. 13
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
13. 14
In addition to this examination paper, you will need a:
• calculator; Total 80
• Data Booklet supplied by WJEC.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Section A Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Section B Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Candidates are advised to allocate their time appropriately between Section A (10 marks) and
Section B (70 marks).

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
Your answers must be relevant and must make full use of the information given to be awarded full
marks for a question.
The assessment of the quality of extended response (QER) will take place in Q.10(b).
If you run out of space, use the additional page(s) at the back of the booklet, taking care to number
the question(s) correctly.

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SECTION A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. Complete the electronic configuration for the ion Ni2+. [1]

1s2 2s2 ..........................................................................................................

2. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is 12 days. If a 3.0 g sample of the isotope is left for 24 days,
what mass of the isotope will remain? [1]

Mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

3. (a) Define electronegativity. [1]

(b) On each of the diagrams of molecules below label any permanent dipoles. [1]

Cl—Cl F—Cl

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4. Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2, can exist in equilibrium.

N2O4 (g) a 2NO (g) 2

(a) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this reaction. [1]

Kc =

(b) A 1 dm3 volume of an equilibrium mixture contained 0.2 mol of N2O4 and 1.6 mol of NO2.
Calculate the value of Kc. Include the unit. [1]

Kc = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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5. Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, decomposes significantly at temperatures above 800 °C. Suggest a

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temperature at which barium carbonate, BaCO3, would decompose significantly. Give a reason
for your suggestion. [1]

6. Give the oxidation state of vanadium in the ion VO3−. [1]

..............................................................

7. Name two substances whose aqueous solutions can be mixed to produce the insoluble
compound copper(II) hydroxide. [1]

.......................................................................................... and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Balance the equation below. [1]

3Cu(s) + ........... HNO3(aq) ........... Cu(NO3)2(aq) + ........... NO(g) + . . . . . . . . . . . H2O(l)

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SECTION B

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

9. Using ideas that you have studied in your Chemistry course comment on and explain the
following observations.

(a) The conductivity of aluminium is different from that of sodium. [2]

(b) When solid iodine is heated gently a purple vapour is seen but, even at high temperatures,
diamond does not melt. [4]

(c) The melting temperature of magnesium oxide is much higher than the melting temperature
of sodium chloride. [3]

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(d) In two separate experiments aqueous chlorine was added to aqueous sodium bromide
and aqueous bromine was added to aqueous sodium chloride.

In each case an orange/brown solution was seen at the end of the addition. [4]

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10. (a) Some students were discussing ionisation energies.

(i) State the meaning of the term standard molar first ionisation energy. [2]

(ii) The graph below shows the logarithm of the first eight successive ionisation
energies for element X.

5.0
log10 (Ionisation energy)

4.0

3.0

2.0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Number of electron lost

I. Explain why successive ionisation energies increase. [2]

II. Use the graph to determine in which group of the Periodic Table element X is
found. Explain your answer. [2]

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(b) The students used a hydrogen discharge tube and observed some coloured lines. One
said that these visible lines could be used to determine the value of the first ionisation
energy of hydrogen.

(i) Discuss whether you agree with this student’s suggestion. You should include
an explanation of how spectral lines are produced and how they can be used to
determine ionisation energy. [6 QER]

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(ii) A spectral line with a frequency of 3.28 × 1015 Hz was formed when an atom of
hydrogen was ionised.

Calculate the first ionisation energy of hydrogen in kJ mol−1. Give your answer to
the appropriate number of significant figures. [3]

Ionisation energy = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kJ mol−1

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11. (a) When acids are being used chemists often refer to the pH of the solution.

(i) State what is meant by pH. [1]

(ii) Calculate the pH of 0.50 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid. [1]

pH = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Explain the observation that the pH of 0.10 mol dm−3 ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, is
higher than the pH of 0.10 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid. [3]

(b) Water is able to act as a base as it can accept H+ to form H3O+.

(i) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in H3O+.
Show outer electrons only. [2]

(ii) Name the type of bond present between H2O and the H+ added to form H3O+. [1]

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest a value for the bond angle between the O—H bonds in H3O+.
Explain your answer. [3]

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(c) An equilibrium exists, in aqueous solution, between chromate(VI) ions, CrO42−, and
dichromate(VI) ions, Cr2O72−.

2CrO42−(aq) + 2H+(aq) a Cr2O72−(aq) + H2O(l)

yellow orange

(i) State le Chatelier’s principle. [2]

(ii) Describe what is seen when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to an orange
solution containing dichromate(VI) ions. Explain your answer. [2]

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12. (a) Caroline was investigating the number of moles of water of crystallisation, x, in hydrated
barium chloride, BaCl2.xH2O. She was told that x is a whole number.

She followed an instruction sheet.

• Weigh an empty crucible with its lid.

• Add the hydrated salt to the crucible and weigh crucible, lid and salt.

• Place the lid on the crucible and heat salt for 3 minutes.

• Cool and reweigh the crucible, lid and contents.

• Heat for another 2 minutes and cool and reweigh again.

Caroline obtained the following results.

Mass / g

Crucible + lid 13.132

Crucible + lid + BaCl2.xH2O 15.051

Crucible + lid + contents (after 1st heating) 14.787

Crucible + lid + contents (after 2nd heating) 14.777

(i) Use the data to determine the value of x in the formula BaCl2.xH2O.
You must show your working. [4]

x = ...............................

(ii) Why did the instructions say that the lid should be in place when the heating was
carried out? [1]

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(iii) Ethan said that Caroline’s method was inaccurate, even though she had carried out
the experiment carefully and recorded all her results correctly.

Suggest two ways in which Caroline could make her experiment more accurate.
Explain your answers. [4]

Suggestion 1

Suggestion 2

(iv) Caroline agreed that her experiment had been inaccurate but said that it gave the
correct answer for x. Comment on why Caroline was correct and that accuracy
need not be high in this experiment to determine the value of x. [1]

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(b) Caroline used the barium chloride as one of the reagents to identify the ions present in an
aqueous solution W. Solution W contains only two ions.

The reagents were added to small volumes of solution W and the following observations
were made.

Test Observation

add aqueous sodium hydroxide no visible reaction

add aqueous barium chloride white precipitate formed

add dilute nitric acid vigorous effervescence seen

(i) From these observations name one ion present in solution W. [1]

........................................................................................................

(ii) The observations allowed Caroline to eliminate some metal ions as being present
in W. Suggest one metal ion that she eliminated. [1]

........................................................................................................

(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of barium
chloride and W. Include state symbols. [1]

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13. A group of students was given a mineral sample that came from a region where both magnesite,
MgCO3, and dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2, were known to exist. They decided to analyse the sample
by titration.

They added 4.77 g of the mineral to 100 cm3 of 2.06 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid. They titrated
25.0 cm3 samples of the solution formed against 1.00 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide. The results
of these titrations are given in the table.

Titration number 1 2 3

Final burette reading / cm3 23.20 24.50 23.00

Initial burette reading / cm3 0.10 1.10 0.00

Titre / cm3
.................................... .................................... ....................................

(a) Explain why universal indicator is not used to show the end-point of a titration. [1]

(b) Complete the table and use the data to calculate a mean titre suitable for use in the
calculation involved in the analysis of the sample. [1]

Mean titre = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3

(c) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that reacted with the mineral
sample. [4]

n(HCl) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

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(d) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction between carbonate ions and acid and hence
calculate the number of moles of carbonate present in the mineral sample. [1]

CO32– + ........... H+ CO2 + ................................................

n(CO32–) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

(e) Calculate the relative formula mass of the carbonate and hence state whether the mineral
is magnesite or dolomite. Assume that the mineral is a pure compound. [1]

Mr = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(f) A burette can be read to an accuracy of ± 0.05 cm3.

Calculate the maximum percentage error in any of the titres in the table. [2]

Percentage error = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

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(g) The students extended their investigation by measuring the volume of carbon dioxide
released when a 4.59 g sample of the mineral reacted with an excess of acid. They
collected 1.31 dm3 of gas measured at 25 °C and at 1.01 × 105 Pa.

(i) Use the ideal gas equation, pV = nRT, to calculate the number of moles of carbon
dioxide formed. Show your working. [3]

n(CO2) = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

(ii) Show whether or not this extension confirms the conclusion reached in part (e). [1]

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END OF PAPER

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For continuation only.

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