Rotational Kinematics

PHYS 144
Content Quiz Feedback

• Right-hand rule for the angular velocity / acceleration

• Moment of Inertia
• Rotational Work Energy problems
• Parallel Axis Theorem
Angular Velocity / Acceleration
Vector definitions

Right hand rule applies for this motion.

Vector definition of velocity and acceleration important

in the next Part! Stay tuned!

One revolution is 2π radians and object rotating with

2π
period T has ω =
T
 The image at the left shows
a ladybug on a turntable
that is turning and slowing
down.

Viewed from looking down on top, what best

describes this situation?

A. > 0; > 0
B. < 0; > 0 epoll.srv.ualberta.ca
C. > 0; < 0 Code: IGA
D. < 0; < 0
4
5
 The image at the left shows a
ladybug on a turntable that is
turning and slowing down.
What direction does the
angular acceleration vector
point?

A. + k̂
B. − k̂
C. +j ̂
D. −j ̂
E. +i ̂
A circular flywheel can be modelled as a thin disk with mass
M = 150 kg and radius 0.5 m. It starts at rest and accelerates
2 rad/s2
with an angular acceleration of α(t) = where t has units of
t+1
seconds.

(a) How fast is a point on the end of the flywheel travelling at time
t = 8.0 s?
Moments of Inertia

Depends on the mass of object and how far the mass is from
a given rotation axis.
For solid bodies rotating all with a common ω
Moments of inertia of common objects are tabulated. Write
down / memorize these formulas.
Need 3D calculus for general measurements except for a thin
rod (you can 1D only, see video).
Moments of inertia add!
Special words: “Light rod” or “Light pulley” = ignore moment
of inertia
“Small ball” or “Small disk” = treat as a point particle.
If I move the weights toward the middle of the rotation axis and give
the device the same push, how will it rotate?

A. It will rotate faster.

B. It will rotate at the same speed.

C. It will rotate slower.

For an axis through its centre, most objects have a
2
moment of inertia with the form I = βMR .
 What is the moment of inertia of a
uniform annulus total mass
M = 4.0 kg, R1 = 30 cm and
R1 R2 = 40 cm. Express your answer
in kg m2

R2
Rotational Kinetic Energy

A rotating object has kinetic energy

1 2
Krot = Iω
2

If the centre of mass is moving, it will also have

1 2
translational kinetic energy of K = mvcm.
2
A circular flywheel can be modelled as a thin disk with mass
M = 150 kg and radius 0.5 m. It starts at rest and accelerates
2 rad/s2
with an angular acceleration of α(t) = where t has units of
t+1
seconds.

(a) How fast is a point on the end of the flywheel travelling at time
t = 8.0 s?
(b) What was the work done on the flywheel to spin it up to its speed
at t = 8.0 s. Express your answer in J.
 Rotational Energy in Systems
Speed here
Rω here

Usually done in systems where linear motion is connected to rotation

motion “without slipping.” Speed at edge is v = Rω. Similarly
at = Rα.
 Rotational Energy in Systems

M
A pulley consisting of an annulus
with mass M = 8 kg, inner radius
R1 = 0.2 m, outer radius
R2 = 0.4 m is suspended from a
frictionless axle by light rods. A
spool of light rope is attached to a
safe with mass m = 10 kg. The m
system is released from rest. What
is the speed of the safe after it
drops by 1.0 m?
If I move the mass to a ring that is 2 times the
diameter of the inner ring, what will happen to the
time it takes the mass to fall?

A.Decrease by a factor of 2
B.Decrease by a factor of 1.4
C.Remain the same
D.Increase by a factor of 1.4
E.Increase by a factor of 2
 Demo

If I move the masses into the middle on the wheel,

what will happen to the time it takes for the mass
to fall?

A.Decrease by a more than a factor of 1.4

B.Decrease by a less than a factor of 1.4
C.Remain the same
D.Increase by less than a factor of 1.4
E.Increase by more than a factor of 1.4
Parallel axis theorem

Standard moments of inertia are through symmetry

axis of object.
2
Just add Md to get to moment of inertia for a
rotation axis parallel to that.
2
I = MR 2 + Md 2
5
d

2 2
I = MR
5
Example: A ship’s wheel consists of a 8 solid
pegs attached to the outside of a solid annulus
with mass of 4 kg, inner radius 20 cm and outer
radius 30 cm. Each peg has a length of 25 cm
and mass of 0.2 kg. The wheel is attached to a
central axle by a light rod. What is the moment of
inertia for this wheel if spun around the central
axle?
Example: What is the moment of inertia for this
dumbbell when spun around its middle. It consists of
two solid sphere of mass M and radius R separated
by a rod of mass m and length L.

L 2 2
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<latexit

Isphere = M R
M
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<latexit
M
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5
1 2
R
Irod = ML
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What is the moment of inertia for this dumbbell when
spun around one of the spheres? It consists of two
solid sphere of mass M and radius R separated by a
massless rod with length L.

L 4
A. M R2 + 2M L2
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5
M
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<latexit

B. 18
M R2 4M L2 + 8M RL
5
R
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C. 4 M R2
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24 2 2
D. M R + 4M RL + M L
5
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 Rolling Motion

Rolling motion means that the bottom of a wheel

is not moving with respect to the ground.

29
Cycloid motion
30
Translation Rotation

Translation + Rotation Translation + Rotation v=2Rω

v=Rω

v=0
31
Translation Rotation

Translation + Rotation Translation + Rotation v=2Rω

v=Rω

v=0
32
What is the angular speed of a car tire for a vehicle that is
travelling at 30 m/s. The radius of a car tire is 30 cm?

A. 628 rad/s
B. 100 rad/s
C. 9 rad/s
D. 30 rad/s
E. 0.3 rad/s

33
 Centrifugation separates blood into its
components.

Speed of particle falling

through fluid depends
on g.
2 ⇢p ⇢f
v= gR2
9 µ

(You don’t need to write

this down)

From OpenStax Anatomy

 Centrifuge
If a centrifuge has an angular speed of 12,000 rpm
(rotations per minute), what is the effective gravity (number
of gs) for a sample at the bottom of test tube that is 5 cm
from the rotation axis? This is also known as the “relative
centrifugal force.”

A. 125g
B. 200g
3 cm C. 2130g
D. 6100g
E. 8050g
5 cm

35