Remote Terminal Units - Connections and settings

Modem 23WT25
RTU560 product line

Application, characteristics and technical data have to Output and input impedance can be chosen between
be taken from the hardware data sheet: 600 Ω and infinity.

23WT25 Data sheet 1KGT 150 591 Input filter characteristic can be switched between:

• high selectivity (90 dB)

Operation • normal selectivity
The 23WT25 modem is a voice-frequency telegraphy The analog transmission part can be operated as a
unit (VFT unit) which operates according to the constant voltage or constant current source.
principle of binary frequency shift keying. The 23WT25
modem is a standard modem for RTU560 stations. • Star connection of up to three transmission lines
possible in constant current mode
The 23WT25 modem can be supplied in two different • high-resistance staggering of power sources
versions:
Transmitter predistortion can be switched on in 7
• R0001: power supply +5 V DC stages as low pass or high pass from 0 to 10 dB to
• R0002: power supply +24 V DC improve the quality of poor transmission lines.

The total load of a subrack power supply unit can • Option to set the optimum predistortion through
be controlled via the selection of the version; i.e. the integrated test function with result displayed via
allocation of the loads to 24 V DC and 5 V DC. LED (LEDs = EQZ, RxD)
Carrier disconnection:
The 23WT25 modem is plug-compatible with the
23WT22 modem. • through RTS in half-duplex mode
• after a period of time (2 to 16 seconds) which is
Processing Functions dependent on the bit rate

The 23WT25 modem has the following characteristics Optional monitoring of the received signal for
(see also table 2): isochronous distortion with display (LED=SQL; SQL
alarm).
VFT channels in the CCITT grid for different bit rates
(bps - bits per second) rates: Carrier monitoring (DCD alarm) as a function of the bit
rate.
• 24 channels 50 bps R.35
• 12 channels 100 bps R.37 Alarm relay can optionally be set to:
• 6 channels 200 bps R.38A • DCD alarm directly
• 2 channels 600 bps • DCD alarm delayed as a function of the bit rate
• 1 channel 1200 bps V.23 • DCD alarm delayed or SQL alarm
• 1 channel 2400 bps
Free assignment of the polarity of the V.24 signals, and
Operating modes: also of the zero position of the receiver (RxD) (+ ΔF or -
ΔF).
• two-wire or four-wire link
• point-to-point connection or Output of the received eye sensitivity signal to the
• multi-drop line with staggering transmitter output for testing in the test mode.
• duplex or half-duplex mode on two-wire or four-
wire links
Settings
The transmission level can be set as a function of:
The 23WT25 modem is configured by means of the
• the bit rate according to CCITT jumper rows X2 to X8. The jumper rows X2 to X5 are
• the occupied channels read and evaluated by the digital signal processor
• additional stepping up by 6 dB (DSP). The analog part is configured with X6. The
Setting receiver sensitivity in four steps (6, 10, 14 or 26 signal level definitions are assigned to the V.24 lines
dB) using X7.

• Raising the detection level by 15 dB for noisy lines • X2 = transmitter bit rate and channel
is possible • X3 = receiver bit rate and channel
• X4 = transmission level, predistortion channels with a low bit rate are to be separated at
• X5 = additional functions least by one low-bit-rate channel from the higher bit
• X6 = line connection analog part rate.
• X7 = V.24 signal level definitions
If there are adjacent channels with the same bit
• X8 = power supply
rate (applies only to the range 50-200 bps), the level
The arrangement of the jumpers on the module is
difference may not exceed 17 dB.
shown in figure 3.

Two-wire or Four-wire Line

Bit Rate
The 23WT25 modem features a separate line interface
The bit rate for the transmitter and the receiver can
for the transmitter and receiver. For the two-wire
be set differently in the range from 50 to 600 bps. For
mode, the LF outputs LF1 and LF2 must be connected
1200 and 2400 bps, the transmitter and the receiver
in parallel. This can be done on the primary side using
must have the same bit rate. If this condition is not
jumper X6-6 (table 9), see figure 7, or on the secondary
met, the four LEDs RTS, EQZ, SQL and DCD will flash
side by suitable wiring, see figure 8. Connection in
following connection.
parallel on the primary side should be preferred unless
wiring acc. to figure 8 outside the modem is specified.
Channel Configuration Four-wire connection is shown in figure 9.
The channels can be selected according to table 3
and the bit rate set. In the case of a multi-drop line, Transmitter Mode - Voltage/Current
the overall configuration must be taken into account.
The transmitter can work either as voltage or power
The channel configuration plan must take account of
source. For the setting of the jumpers refer to table 9.
the selectivity defined by X5-8. The restrictions with
The jumpers X6-11 and X6-12 must always be inserted.
normal selectivity must be noted.
The voltage source has an internal resistance of 600
Ω. The power source has an infinitely high internal
Transmission Level resistance.
The transmission level is set in accordance with the
chosen bit rate via jumper X4-8 = 1-2 (table 6). Line Termination
The two separate line interfaces for transmitter
The transmission level can be set as a function of the
and receiver may be terminated independent of
allocated transmission channels with jumper X4-8 =
each other with a 600 Ω resistor. Jumper X6-10
2-3 (table 6).
is inserted to terminate the transmitter and the
If jumper X6-14 is inserted (table 8), the transmission receiver is terminated with jumper X6-13 (table 9). The
level will be raised by another 6 dB at the output stage. transmitter requires termination if the transmitted
signal is intended to be monitored without connection
of a line. The receiver is terminated at the end of the
Receiving Level line in four-wire mode in order to avoid reflections
The reception gain is set with the jumpers X6-15 on the receive side. A line termination is not used in
to X6-17 (table 10). Either only one jumper may be two-wire mode because the internal resistance of the
plugged in or no jumper. voltage source terminates the line at the end.

In the case of very noisy lines, the detection level for

detecting the useful signal can be raised by 15 dB Main Operating Modes
using X5-3 (table 8). End-to-end mode

In this mode two modems are connected by one line.

Receive Filter Characteristic
The transmitters of both modems work as voltage
It is possible to choose between high and normal sources. In the two-wire mode the line is terminated by
selectivity. the internal resistance of the transmitter, see figure 10,
in the four-wire mode the receiver shall be terminated
High selectivity is recommended (jumper X5-8 = 2-3,
as well, see figure 12.
table 7) if at low bit rates all possible channels are
to be used or interference with adjacent channels is Multidrop mode
excessive.
In multi-drop communication additional modems can
Any desired combinations of bit rates and transmit be added ("staggered") to end of the line between the
and receiving channel allocations are permitted. The two modems, i.e. they are connected in parallel to the
transmission levels for the individual channels can be line. It is a high-resistance connection. See figures 11
set independently of one another. and 13. The transmitter of a staggered modem works a
power source. The receiver is not terminated.
If normal selectivity is set (jumper X5-8=1-2, table 7),
the transmit and receive channels should be combined Star mode
in groups, with one vacant channel each between the
blocks. This applies to bit rates from 50 to 200 bps. In the star mode up to three transmission lines can
If there are different bit rates on the same line, the be arranged in a star configuration using LF line
transformers without additional line amplifiers, see 4 Examine whether the DCD LED on the receiver TR is
figure 14. This mode can be implemented using both flickering:
two-wire and four-wire lines. The transmitter works as – YES = receiver is being influenced by crosstalk
power source. The receiver is not terminated. or faults from other channels. This problem
can be remedied by reducing the receiver
sensitivity. Maybe the transmission level
Transmitter Predistortion can be raised appropriately. However, it is
then possible that adjacent channels will be
Setting a transmitter predistortion to compensate for
influenced.
linear channel distortion on poor-quality transmission
– NO = o.k. No influence from any adjacent
lines. In this case, the level is lowered at the high or
channels.
low key frequency, so that a difference in the levels
between the two key frequencies of 0 dB to max. 10 dB 5 Wait approx. two minutes after plug-in and
connecting the voltage to rule out any incorrect
occurs. This drop means that linear channel distortion
measurements resulting from the switching-on.
can be compensated for. The transmitter predistortion
6 Push the Reset button on the test transmitter (TT).
has the greatest effect at the higher bit rates because
The TT starts a test sequence (lasting for 4 to 32
at low bit rates the impact of the channel distortion is seconds depending on the bit rate).
low.
7 The test receiver (TR) evaluates the sequence
immediately and displays the result in the form of
a flash frequency. The LEDs flash for approx. one
minute at this frequency. In order to display the
result on the test transmitter, the TR transmits the
flash frequency to the TT, where it is displayed as a
flash sequence by the RxD LEDs.
– The RxD LEDs are flashing on the TT.
– The EQZ LED is flashing on the TR.
Figure 1: Transmitter predistortion
– Flash frequency: 0 to approx. 25 Hz
– 0 Hz = best result
The predistortion has either a high-pass or low-pass
characteristic, depending on which key frequency is – 25 Hz = worst result
influenced. 8 Evaluate the test result
– The flash frequency should be assessed and
• Normal U-ΔF = U+ΔF compared to the basic flash frequency which
• High-pass U-ΔF > U+ΔF occurred when the predistortion was switched
• Low-pass U-ΔF < U+ΔF off.
It is necessary to determine which key frequency – If the flash frequencies indicate only a
little difference between the results of two
should be lowered and by what extent. To do this,
measurements, the lower predistortion should
the two 23WT25 modems can be configured as test
be set.
transmitter and test receiver.
9 If necessary, switch off the TT, set a different
predistortion and repeat the test.
Determining the transmitter predistortion
1 Set transmitter predistortion using X4-1 to X4-4
("Fig. 7: Setting the transmitter predistortion").
– In order to have a basis for assessing the
measurement result, the first measurement
should be carried out with the predistortion
switched off (0 dB).
2 Set the transmitter and the receiver of the
two 23WT25 modems to the same bit rate
and the same channel (see Chapter , "Channel
Configuration"). The test is carried out in half-
duplex mode. Figure 2: Setting Distortion

3 Following settings should be done for the duration

of the test: Switching off the Transmitter, Full-duplex/Half-
Jumper row X5 (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) duplex mode
– X5-1 to X5-3 = 2-3
When RTS=ON, the transmitter switches on. The
– X5-6 to X5-8 = 2-3
modem replies with CTS=ON if the carrier settled and
– Set test transmitter as TT with: X5-4=2-3 and
it is ready to transmit. If the CTS is not evaluated, it
X5-5 = 1-2
is necessary to wait for the necessary period of time
– Set test receiver as TR with: X5-4 = 1-2 and X5-5
before the first signal may be transmitted (table 2).
= 2-3
Using X5-6 or X5-4 and X5-5=1-2, the function of RTS
can be influenced.

X5-6 (table 7) defines the full-duplex or half-duplex

mode of the modem. The modem will run in the half-
duplex mode if:
• the transmitter and the receiver operate on the switches on. The status is therefore indicated by the
same channel and a two-wire line is connected. LEDs.
• the transmitter and the receiver operate on
different channels, but several transmitters are Carrier missing:
operated in parallel (multi-drop line).
• LED DCD = OFF
In these cases, X5-6 = 1-2 is to be configured (half-
• LED SQL = ON
duplex mode, table 7). Then the modem switches
its receiver off with RTS=ON. The other side must Depending on the bit rate, the drop-out time is:
wait until the time between RTS=OFF and readiness
• 50 bps - 16 s
for reception (table 2) has elapsed before the first
• 100 bps - 8 s
character may be transmitted.
• 200 bps - 4 s
X5-4 and X5-5 = 1-2 (table 8) offer the possibility to • 600-2400 bps - 2 s
have the transmitter switched off by the modem after
a defined period of time. This time is defined by the
Alarm Relay
bit rate which is set. The transmitter is switched on
The 23WT25 modem includes an alarm relay k1 which
with RTS=ON and switched off by the modem after n
can be configured to indicate (see also table 1):
seconds at the latest. Depending on the bit rate, the
time n is 2 to 16 seconds. The maximum transmission • the DCD alarm directly
length (number of characters) should be observed. The
• the DCD alarm with a delay
channel delay times should be taken into account as
• the DCD alarm with a delay or SQL alarm
well.
In the normal state, i.e. if no alarm is present, the relay
The carrier and therefore monitoring too are switched has picked up and drops out if an alarm state occurs.
off if RTS=OFF is transmitted within the time window. Then the alarm contact is closed, too if the supply
However, if the DTE does not switch RTS=OFF within voltage is missing.
this time, the modem will switch off the carrier.
This function ensures that, if DTE and multi-drop
communication are faulty, the transmission cannot be
blocked by a “permanent transmitter”.

Quality Check
The 23WT25 modem allows the received signal to be
monitored for excessive isochronous distortion during
operation. If a threshold value is exceeded, the modem
indicates this via the LED SQL (SQL= signal quality
level) and activates the alarm relay (k1).

The threshold value is set at 40% for bit rates of from

50 to 1200 bps, and 50% for a bit rate of 2400 bps.
If the received signal exceeds this value at least ten
Figure 3: Alarm relay
times in intervals of less than four seconds in each
case, the LED SQL will be switched ON and the alarm
relay k1 will be activated. If the interval between two Polarity Assignment - V.24 Signals
instances of the value being exceeded is greater than The 23WT25 modem permits the free assignment of
four seconds, relay k1 resets again, the LED SQL is the V.24 signal definition for frequency keying. This can
switched OFF and the internal counter is reset. be set individually for each signal. In addition, the zero
position of the receiver can be set.
The SQL quality check can be activated or deactivated
with X5-7 (table 7). See table 11 and table 8 with X5-1 for a definition of the
receiver zero position.
DCD Alarm (Carrier Monitoring)
According to the CCITT, the following assignment
The DCD signal indicates that the modem has applies:
detected a carrier on the receive channel. If this is the
case, it will switch on the LED DCD without delay, or • Data signals (RxD, TxD)
switch it off if there is no carrier. – F+ΔF=SPACE=0 =+12 V
– F-ΔF = MARK = 1 = -12 V
In half-duplex mode, the transmitter on the opposite
• Control signals (RTS, CTS, DCD, DSR)
side is activated periodically. The length of these gaps
is dictated by the bit rate and the telegram length of – ON = 1 =+12 V
the response. The 23WT25 modem takes account of – OFF = 0 = -12 V
this and reports that a carrier is missing via the alarm The “CCITT standard” position (X5-1=2-3) shown in
relay with a delay (for jumper setting, see Alarm relay). table 8 applies to the receiver zero position only if the
Only if DCD is absent for at least n seconds does the RxD signal with X7-3 = 1-2 (table 11) is set to the CCITT
alarm relay drop out. At the same time, the LED SQL standard.
If an external DCE opposite side or DTE does not
adhere to this assignment, an adjustment can be made
by inverting the signals in an appropriate manner.

Eye Sensitivity Output

In order to test and examine the transmission line, the
23WT25 modem offers the option of outputting the
eye sensitivity signal of the signal received via LF2 to
LF1. It can then be picked off there and displayed on an
oscillograph.

• Interrupt the measurement splitting jacks XT7 and

XT8 (NF1)
• Set jumper X5-2=1-2 (table 8)
• Connect oscillograph to XT7 and XT8 (i = internal)
• Induce opposite side to transmit, or feed clock
signal acc. to the bit rate on the opposite side in
line.
When the bit rate is 2400 bps, the eye sensitivity signal
is highly dependent on the LF level. With a reception
level of approx. -15 dB, it is no longer possible to
output the eye sensitivity signal.

Switching Over the Supply Voltage

The supply voltage is either:

• +5 V DC (R0001) or
• +24 V DC (R0002)
The necessary further supply voltages are generated
by DC/DC converters on the circuit board. In addition,
the respective supply voltage can either be supplied
by the power supply unit of the subrack or from an
external source (ext.). For this purpose, the jumper X8
is to be set accordingly (see figure 3). The negative
pole of the external voltage source is to be connected
to the negative pole of the subrack supply (see
connection and setting description for 23TP22 and
23ET24 or table 12).

Figure 4: Voltage supply

Data table Dimension
Data format serial, binary, asynchronous
Traffic mode Point-to-point, multidrop
Modulation type Frequency shift keying (FSK) with carrier switch-off
for multidrop networks
CCITT channel R.35 R.37 R.38A 600 bd V.23 2400 bd
Bit rate nominal 50 100 200 600 1200 2400 bd
Minimum channel distance 120 240 480 1440 Hz
Mid-frequency lowest 420 480 600 1320 1700 2000 Hz
highest 3180 3120 3000 2760 1700 2000 Hz
Frequency deviation ± 30 ± 60 ± 120 ± 210 ± 400 ± 400 Hz
Number of channels according to CCITT 24 12 6 2 1 1
Transmitter level according to CCITT -22.5 -19.5 -16.5 -12.0 -8.7 -6.0 dBm
Transmitter level depending on used 1: -6/ 2: -9/ 3: -12/ 4: -12/ 5: -13.8/ 6: -13,8/ 7…9: -15.6/ dBm
channels 10…13: -17.2/ 14…18: -18.6/ 19…24: -19.8
[used channels: level / used channels: level]
Receiver sensivity (RS) 6 / 10 / 14 / 26 dB
Minimum receiving high selectivity -50 -48 -46 -51 -55 -46 dBm
level at 14 dB RS norm. selec- -53 -53 -52 -51 -55 -46 dBm
tivity
Channel transfer time high selectivity 43 26 15 6,7 3,5 3,1 msec
norm. selec- 36 19 11 6 3,5 3,1 msec
tivity
Isochronous distortion high selectivity 1-3 4-8 8-13 5-7 7-11 18-24 %
norm. selec- 0-2 0-2 0-2 5-6 7-11 18-24 %
tivity
Channel high selec- minimum 58 36 21 9 --- --- msec
delay time tivity maximum 85 50 29 14 msec
RTS = ON to
DCD = ON normal selec- minimum 46 24 14 7 6 6 msec
tivity maximum 65 35 19 10 9 7,5 msec
Channel high selec- minimum 50 28 16 6 --- --- msec
delay time tivity maximum 74 46 27 12 msec
RTS = OFF to
DCD = OFF normal selec- minimum 40 20 12 6 3 3 msec
tivity maximum 54 30 16 8 7 7 msec
Table 1: Technical data for the channels
Figure 5: Channel assignment and medium channel frequencies according to CCITT
 Figure 7: Setting the transmitter predistortion

Figure 6: Bit rate setting

Figure 8: Setting the transmission level
Figure 9: Settings for additional functions (1)
Figure 10: Settings for additional functions (2)
 Figure 12: Setting receiving amplification

Figure 11: Settings for the line interface

Figure 13: Setting the signal level
Figure 14: Schematic circuit diagram 1
Figure 15: Schematic circuit diagram 2

Figure 16: Arrangement of the setting elements

NF2a b30
500LTD01
600Ω two-wire-
NF2b z30 transmission line

end to end
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

NF1a b32 X6
600Ω
z32
NF1b

Figure 17: Two-wire mode with two-wire on primary side

 NF2a b30
500LTD01
600Ω
two-wire-
NF2b z30 transmission line

end to end
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

NF1a b32 X6
600Ω
z32
NF1b

Figure 18: Two-wire mode with four-wire on primary side

NF2a b30
500LTD01
600Ω Receive

NF2b z30
four-wire-
transmission line 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

NF1a b32 X6
500LTD01 Transmit
600Ω
z32
NF1b

Figure 19: Four-wire mode

Two-wire-
NF2a b30 transmission line
500LTD01
X6- 13
NF2b z30
Receive
Transmit
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

NF1a b32 X6
X6- 10
z32
NF1b

Figure 20: Two-wire mode, end-to-end

NF2a b30
500LTD01 Two-wire-
X6- 13
transmission
NF2b z30
line
Receive 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
Transmit X6
NF1a b32
X6- 10
z32
NF1b

Figure 21: Two-wire mode, multidrop

NF2a b30
500LTD01
600Ω Receive

NF2b z30
four-wire-
transmission line 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

NF1a b32 X6
500LTD01 Transmit
600Ω
z32
NF1b

Figure 22: Four-wire mode, end-to-end

 Receive
NF2a b30
500LTD01
600Ω
NF2b z30

four-wire- 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
transmission line
NF1a b32 X6
500LTD01
600Ω
z32

Transmit
NF1b

Figure 23: Four-wire mode, Multidrop

NF2a b30 A1 A1
600Ω Line
NF2b z30 E1 E1 A
600Ω S P
A2 A2
E2 E2

600Ω
23WT25

600Ω

Line 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
B
NF1a b32 A1 A1 X6
600Ω
z32 E1 E1
NF1b 600Ω S P
A2 A2
E2 E2

600Ω

Line
C
600Ω

Figure 24: Four-wire star mode

23TP22 23ET24 Signal Identification

Identification Meaning
1 z32 NF1b Low frequency (LF) transmission output
2 b32 NF1a Low frequency (LF) transmission output
3 d32 +24 V DC External power supply 24 V DC (R0002)
4 z30 NF2b Low frequency (LF) transmission input
5 b30 NF2a Low frequency (LF) transmission input
6 d30
7 z28 AK1 Alarm contact (NO)
8 b28 MK1 Alarm contact (CO)
9 d28 RK1 Alarm contact (NC)
10 z26 DSR (M1) Data set ready (RS232-C)
11 b26 TxD (D1) Transmitted data (RS232-C)
12 d26 RxD (D2) Received data (RS232-C)
13 z24 DCD (M5) Data carrier detected (RS232-C)
14 b24 DCD GnD Common return DCE (RxD, DCD)
15 d24 RTS (S2) Request to send (RS232-C)
16 z22 +5 V DC External power supply 5 V DC (R0001)
17
18 b22 CTS (M2) Clear to send (RS232-C)
19 d22 DTE GnD Common return DTE (TxD, RTS)
Table 2: Pin assignment in the subrack
 Figure 25: Location of the signal connecting plugs

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