Thermodynamics-01 19

10. SUMMARY
Process Expression Expression U H Work on
for w for q PV-graph
V2 V2 P1

Reversible w nRT ln q nRTln 0 0

V1 V1

P-(atm)
isothermal process P2

P P
nRT ln 1 q nRT ln 1
P2 P2 V1 V2

P1
Irreversible w Pext V2 V1 q Pext V2 V1 0 0

P-(atm)
isothermal nRT nRT
P2

Pext
P2 P1
V1 V2

Isobaric w Pext V2 V1 q H nC P T U nCV T H nCP T

P-(atm)
process = – nR T
V2 V1

P2

Isochoric w=0

P-(atm)
q U nC V T U nC V T H nCP T P1

process
V

Reversible w nC V (T2 T1 ) q=0 U nCV T H nCP T

P2 V2 P1V1 P1
adiabatic = PV =constant Isotherm
1 Adiabatic
P-(atm)

P2
process TV –1=constant
TP1– / =constant
V1 V2

Irreversible w nC V (T2 T1 ) q=0 U nCV T H nCP T P1 Rev

Isotherm
P2 V2 P1V1 Rev
P-(atm)
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adiabatic = nCv(T2–T1) = P2 Adiabatic

1
nRT2 nRT1
Pext
process P2 P1 V1 V2' V 2

T2
P2V2 P1V1 q CV dT
w U nCV T H nCP T n=0
n 1 T1 n=1
Polytropic
P-(atm)

R(T2 T1 ) R(T2 T1 ) n= n=

w w
n 1 n 1
V1 V2

Cyclic Area encolsed in q = –w 0 0

Process PV-diagram
P w
For clockwise –ive
For anticlockwise
+ive V
11. LIMITATION OF FIRST LAW :
It can predict the change in energy as a result of change in state or vice-versa, but can not predict
the natural direction of change (whether a change can happen on it's own or not).
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30 JEE-Chemistry
EXERCISE # (O-I)
BASIC
1. Out of boiling point (I), entropy (II), pH (III) and density (IV), intensive properties are
(A) I, II (B) I, II, III (C) I, III, IV (D) All of these
TE0050
2. What is the change in internal energy when a gas is compressed from 377 ml to 177 ml under a
constant pressure of 1520 torr, while at the same time being cooled by removing 124 J heat ?
[Take : (1L atm) = 100 J]
(A) –24 J (B) – 84 J (C) – 164 J (D) – 248 J
TE0051
3. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas expanded irreversibly in two stage expansion.
State-1 (8.0 bar, 4.0 litre, 300 K)
State-2 (2.0 bar, 16litre, 300 K)
State-3 (1.0 bar, 32 litre, 300 K)
Total heat absorbed by the gas in the process is :
(A) 116J (B) 40 J (C) 4000 J (D) None of these
TE0052
4. An ideal gas undergoes isothermal expansion from A(10 atm, 1l) to B(1 atm, 10 l) either by
(I) Infinite stage expansion or by
(II) First against 5 atm and then against 1 atm isothermally
qI
Calculate
q II
1 13 23.03
(A) (B) 13 × 2.303 (C) (D)
13 2.303 23.03 13
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65
TE0053
5. One mole of ideal gas is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from a temperature of 27°C.
If the work done by the gas in the process is 3 kJ, the final temperature will be equal to
(CV = 20 J/K mol)
(A) 100 K (B) 450 K (C) 150 K (D) 400 K
TE0054
6. For an adiabatic process, which of the following relation must be correct -
(A) U=0 (B) P V = 0 (C) q = 0 (D) q = + W
TE0055

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 Thermodynamics-01 31
7. A system containing ideal gas is expanded under adiabatic process
(A) Temperature increases (B) Internal energy decreases
(C) Internal energy increases (D) None of these
TE0056

5
8. A gas C v,m R behaving ideally was allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from
2

1 litre to 32 litre. It's initial temperature was 327° C. The molar enthalpy change (in J/mole) for
the process is :-
(A) –1125 R (B) – 575 R (C) –1575 R (D) None of these
TE0057

5
9. Two moles of an ideal gas (CV= R ) was compressed adiabatically against constant pressure of
2
2 atm, which was initially at 350 K and 1 atm pressure. The work involve in the process is equal
to -
(A) 250 R (B) 300 R (C) 400 R (D) 500 R
TE0058
10. A gas is expanded from volume V1 to V2 through three different process :
(a) Reversible adiabatic (b) Reversible isothermal (c) Irreversible adiabatic
The correct statements is -
(A) (Tf)Reversible Isothermal > (Tf)Reversible adiabatic > (Tf)Irreversible adiabatic
(B) (Tf)Reversible Isothermal > (Tf)Irreversible adiabatic > (Tf)Reversible adiabatic
(C) WReversible Isothermal > WIrreversible adiabatic > Wreversible adiabatic
(D) (Pf)Reversible Isothermal > (Pf)Reversible adiabatic > (Pf)Irreversible adiabatic
TE0059
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65

11. What is the magnitude of work performed by one mole of an ideal gas when its volume increases
eight times in irreversible adiabatic expansion if the initial temperature of the gas in 300 K ? CV for
the gas in 1.5 R. (R = 2 Cal / mol/ K)
(A) 900 Cal (B) 450 Cal (C) 675 Cal (D) 331.58 Cal
TE0060
12. For a process which follows the equation PV3 = C, the work done when one mole of ideal gas
was taken from 1 atm to 2 2 atm starting from initial temperature of 300 K is
(A) 300 R (B) 150 R (C) 600 R (D) 900 R
TE0061

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32 JEE-Chemistry
13. What is the net work done (w) when 1 mole of monoatomic ideal gas 40L 3

undergoes in a process described by 1, 2, 3, 4 in given V–T graph 2

V 20L
Use : R = 2cal/mole K 10L 4
1
ln 2 = 0.7
T
(A) –600 cal (B) – 660 cal 300K 600K

(C) + 660 cal (D) + 600 cal

TE0062
A B
14. A cyclic process ABCD is shown in PV diagram for an ideal gas.
which of the following diagram represents the same process ? P C

D
V
A B C D

A
(A) V C (B) V
B
D
T T

D C A B

(C) V B (D) V
D
A
C
T T
TE0063
15. 2 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken from state A to state B through a process AB in which
PT = constant. The process can be represented on a P-T graph as follows:

B
2P1
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65
P1 A

300K
Select the incorrect option(s):
(A) Heat evolved by the gas during process AB = 2100 R
(B) Heat absorbed by the gas during process AB = 2100 R
(C) U = –900 R
(D) W = 1200R
TE0064

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 Thermodynamics-01 33

16. The given figure shows a polytropic process ABC for one mole of an ideal gas. Calculate the
polytropic index (x) for the process-

P B
600K
300K Isotherm
C 200K

1 4 9
V (litre)

(A) 1/2 (B) –1/2 (C) 3/2 (D) None

TE0065
17. Work (in kJ) in the following cyclic process is

V(l)
16

P(bar)
3 13

(A) –11 (B) –11000 (C) 11 (D) 11000

TE0066
18. An ideal gas is taken around the cycle ABCDA as shown in figure. The net B D
P2
work done during the cycle is equal to :-
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65

P
(A) Zero
P1
A C
(B) Positive
V1 V V2
(C) Negative
(D) We cannot predict
TE0067
P
19. What is U for the process described by figure. Heat supplied during 2bar

the process q = 200 kJ.

1bar
(A) +50 kJ (B) –50 kJ
3 V
1m 2m3
(C) –150 kJ (D) + 150 kJ
TE0068

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34 JEE-Chemistry

20. A diatomic ideal gas initially at 273 K is given 100 cal heat due to which system did 209 J work,
Molar heat capacity (Cm) of gas for the process is [1 cal = 4.18 Joule]

3 5 5
(A) R (B) R (C) R (D) 5R
2 2 4
TE0069
21. For an ideal monoatomic gas during any process T = kV, find out the molar heat capacity of the
gas during the process. (Assume vibrational degree of freedom to be active)

5 7
(A) R (B) 3R (C) (D) 4R
2 2

TE0070
22. An amount Q of heat is added to a monoatomic ideal gas in a process in which the gas perfomrs
a work Q/2 on its surrounding. The molar heat capacity of gas (in cal/K-mol) for the process is.
(A) 3R (B) 5R (C) 4R (D) 2R
TE0071

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 Thermodynamics-01 35

EXERCISE # (O-II)

ONE OR MORE THAN ONE MAY BE CORRECT :

1. An insulated container of gas has two chambers separated by an insulating partition. One of the
chambers has volume V1 and contains ideal gas at pressure P1 and temperature T1. The other chamber
has volume V2 and contains same ideal gas at pressure P2 and temperature T2. If the partition is
removed without doing any work on the gas, the final equilibrium temperature of the gas in the
container will be :-

T1T2 (P1V1 P2 V2 ) P1V1T1 P2 V2 T2 P1V1T2 P2 V2 T1 T1T2 (P1V1 P2 V2 )

(A) (B) (C) (D) P V T P V T
P1V1T2 P2 V2 T1 P1V1 P2 V2 P1V1 P2 V2 1 1 1 2 2 2

TE0072
2 The heat capacity of liquid water is 75.6 J/mol.K, while the enthalpy of fusion of ice is
6.0 kJ/mol. What is the smallest number of ice cubes at 0°C, each containing 9.0 g of water, needed
to cool 500 g of liquid water from 20°C to 0°C ?
(A) 1 (B) 7 (C) 14 (D) 252
TE0073
3
3. Two moles of an ideal gas (Cv,m = R) is subjected to following change of state
2

A(500 K, 5.0 bar) B C (250 K, 1.0 bar)

Reversible Isochoric
isothermal cooling Single stage
expansion adiabatic
compression

D
(3 bar)

The correct statement is/are

(A) The pressure at B is 2.0 bar (B) The temperature at D is 450 K
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65

(C) HCD = 1000 R (D) UBC = 375 R

TE0074
4. A real gas is subjected to an adiabatic process from (2 bar, 40 lit., 300 K) to (4 bar, 30 lit., 300
K) against a constant pressure 4 bar the enthalpy change for the process is
(A) Zero (B) 6000 J (C) 8000 J (D) 80 J
TE0075
5. Which of the following statement is/are correct ?
(A) Enthalpy can be written as H = f(V,T) for a substance ( no physical or chemical change)
(B) Absolute value of enthalpy can not be determined
(C) The heat absorbed during the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas against vacuum is zero
(D) During compression of an ideal gas at constant pressure the temperature of gas decreases.
TE0076

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36 JEE-Chemistry
6. Choose the correct statement(s)
(A) During adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, magnitude of work obtained is equal to H of gas.
(B) For same change in temperature of ideal gas through adiabatic process, magnitude of W
will be same in reversible as well as irreversible process
(C) During an adiabatic reversible expansion of an ideal gas, temperature of the system increases.
(D) For same change in volume of ideal gas, U is less in adiabatic expansion than in isobaric
expansion if expansion starts with same intial state.
TE0077
7. Choose the correct statement(s) among the following -
(A) Internal energy of H2O remains constant during conversion of liquid into its vapour at constant
temperature.
(B) During fusion of ice into water, enthalpy change and internal energy change are almost same at
constant temperature
(C) Molar heat capicity of gases are temperature dependent
(D) During boiling of H2O at 1 atm, 100ºC, average kinetic energy of H2O molecules increases.
TE0078
8. Suppose that the volume of a certain ideal gas is to be doubled by one of the following processes :
(A) isothermal expansion (B) adiabatic expansion
(C) free expansion in insulated condition (D) expansion at constant pressure.
If E1,E2,E3 and E4 respectively are the changes in average kinetic energy of the molecules for the
above four processes, then-
(A) E2 = E3 (B) E1 = E3 (C) E1 > E4 (D) E4 > E3
TE0079
Assertion / reason :
9. Statement-1 : There is no change in enthalpy of an ideal gas during compression at constant
temperature.
Statement-2 : Enthalpy of an ideal gas is a function of temperature and pressure.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
TE0080
10. Statement-1 : Due to adiabatic expansion, the temperature of an ideal gas always decreases.
Statement-2 : For an adiabatic process, U = w.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
TE0081

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 Thermodynamics-01 37
Paragraph for Q.11 to Q.13
A cylindrical container of volume 44.8 litres is containing equal no. of moles (in integer no.) of
an ideal monoatomic gas in two sections A and B separated by an adiabatic frictionless piston as
shown in figure. The initial temperature and pressure of gas in both section is 27.3K and 1 atm.
Now gas in section ‘A’ is slowly heated till the volume of section B becomes (1/8)th of initial volume.

Frictionless adiabatic piston Frictionless adiabatic piston

The gas
in section q Adiabatic wall Adiabatic wall
'A' is heated A B A B
reversibly 22.4L 22.4L

Initial state Final state

3
Given : R = 2 cal/mol-K, Cv,m of monoatomic gas = R,
2

At 1 atm & 0°C ideal gas occupy 22.4 litre.

11. What will be the final pressure in container B.
(A) 2 atm (B) 8 atm (C) 16 atm (D) 32 atm
TE0082
12. Final temperature in container A will be
(A) 1638 K (B) 6988 K (C) 3274 K (D) 51 K
TE0083
13. Change in enthalpy for section A in Kcal
(A) 48.3 (B) 80.53 (C) 4.83 (D) 8.05
TE0084
Paragrah for Q.14 to 16
As a result of the isobaric heating by T = 72K, one mole of a certain ideal gas obtains an amount
node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65

of heat Q = 1.60 kJ.

14. The work performed by the gas is -
(A) 8.60 kJ (B) 0.60 kJ (C) 16.60 kJ (D) 4.60 kJ
TE0085
15. The increment of its internal energy ( in kJ) is
(A) 1.0 (B) 1.6 (C) 2.2 (D) 2.0
TE0086
16. The value of for the gas is -
(A) 0.6 (B) 1.4 (C) 1.6 (D) 1.5
TE0087

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38 JEE-Chemistry
MATCH THE COLUMN :
17. Match Column-I with Column-II
Column–I (Ideal Gas) Column-II (Related equations)
(A) Reversible isothermal process (P) W = 2.303 n RT log(P2/P1)
(B) Reversible adiabatic process (Q) W = nCV,m (T2–T1)
(C) Irreversible adiabatic process (R) W = –2.303nRT log(V2/V1)
Vf
(D) Irreversible isothermal process (S) W= Pext.dV
Vi

TE0088
18. Match the column
Column–I Column–II
(A) Isothermal vaporisation of water at (P) T=0
100°C & 1 atm
(B) Isothermal reversible expansion (Q) U=0
of an ideal gas
(C) Adiabatic free expansion of ideal gas (R) H=0
(D) Isochoric heating of an ideal gas (S) q=0
(T) w=0
TE0089
MATCH THE LIST :
19. Match the following, and select the correct code :-
Column-I Column-II
P1
(P) Isothermal process (reversible) (1) q = 2.303 nRT log
P2
(Q) Adiabatic process (reversible) (2) PV = const.
(R) Isochoric process (3) q = Pext. (V2 – V1) node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65

(S) Isothermal process (irreversible) (4) Area under P-V curve is zero
Code:
P Q R S
(A) 2 1 4 3
(B) 1 2 4 3
(C) 2 1 3 4
(D) 1 2 3 4
TE0090

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 Thermodynamics-01 39
20. The figures given below depict different processes for a given amount of an ideal gas.

P P P P
• • A
• • •
PV =constant
(A) • (B) • (C) (D)
1/v V 1/v V
fig (i) fig (ii) fig (iii) fig (iv)

Column-I Column-II
(P) In Fig (i) (1) Net heat is absorbed by the system
(Q) In Fig (ii) (2) Net work is done on the system
(R) In Fig (iii) (3) Net heat is rejected by the system
(S) In Fig (iv) (4) Net work is done by the system
(5) Net internal energy change is zero
Code:
P Q R S
(A) 1, 4, 5 4 2, 3 2. 3.5
(B) 1, 4, 5 4 2, 3 2, 3
(C) 1, 2, 4 2 1, 4 2, 3
(D) 1, 2 2 1, 4 3, 5
TE0091
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46 JEE-Chemistry
6. Ans. 100 KJ/mole
7. Ans. –1200 cal
8. Ans. 60 cal
9. Ans. (32)
10. Ans. (900 calorioes)
11. Ans. 7.4 atm litre
12. Ans. 35 atm
13. Ans. 3120
14. Ans. (1.8 bar-litre)
EXERCISE # (O-I)
1. Ans.(C) 2. Ans.(B) 3. Ans.(C) 4 Ans.(D)
5. Ans.(C) 6. Ans.(C) 7. Ans.(B) 8. Ans.(C)
9. Ans.(D) 10. Ans. (B) 11. Ans.(D) 12. Ans.(B)
13. Ans.(C) 14. Ans.(C) 15. Ans.(B) 16. Ans.(C)
17. Ans.(C) 18 Ans.(A) 19. Ans.(A) 20. Ans.(D)
21. Ans.(A) 22. Ans.(A)
EXERCISE # (O-II)
1. Ans. (A) 2. Ans.( C) 3. Ans. (A,B,C) 4. Ans. (C)
5. Ans. (A,B,C,D) 6. Ans. (B, D) 7. Ans. (B,C) 8. Ans. (B,D)
9. Ans. (C) 10. Ans. (D) 11. Ans. (D) 12. Ans. (A)
13. Ans. (B) 14. Ans. (B) 15. Ans.( A) 16. Ans. (C)
17. Ans. (A) (P,R,S) ; (B) (Q, S) ; (C) (Q,S) ; (D) (S)
18. Ans. (A)–P; (B)–P,Q,R ; (C)–P,Q,R,S,T ; D-T
19. Ans. (B) 20. Ans. (A)

node06\B0B0-BA\Kota\JEE(Advanced)\Enthuse\Chemistry\Sheet\Thermodynamic-01\Eng\02-Ex.p65
EXERCISE # (J-MAIN)
1. Ans. (1) 2. Ans. (1) 3. Ans. (2) 4. Ans. (1)
5. Ans. (3) 6. Ans. (2) 7. Ans. (2) 8. Ans. (2)
9. Ans. (48.00) 10. Ans. (6.25) 11. Ans. (2.17 to 2.23)

EXERCISE # (J-ADVANCED)
1. Ans. (A,D) 2. Ans. (B) 3. Ans. (C) 4. Ans.(A,B,C)
5. Ans. (A,B,D) 6. Ans. (B,C)