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    4 Earth-Subsystem

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    Sy14 ph
    The document discusses the key subsystems (spheres) that make up the Earth system - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on the composition and important processes within each sphere, such as the hydrologic cycle within the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and photosynthesis within the biosphere. The spheres are considered open systems that interact and exchange both matter and energy, contributing to the overall functioning of the Earth system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 Earth-Subsystem

    Uploaded by

    Sy14 ph
    14 views12 pages
    The document discusses the key subsystems (spheres) that make up the Earth system - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on the composition and important processes within each sphere, such as the hydrologic cycle within the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and photosynthesis within the biosphere. The spheres are considered open systems that interact and exchange both matter and energy, contributing to the overall functioning of the Earth system.

    Original Title

    4_EARTH-SUBSYSTEM

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    The document discusses the key subsystems (spheres) that make up the Earth system - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on the composition and important processes within each sphere, such as the hydrologic cycle within the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and photosynthesis within the biosphere. The spheres are considered open systems that interact and exchange both matter and energy, contributing to the overall functioning of the Earth system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views12 pages

    4 Earth-Subsystem

    Uploaded by

    Sy14 ph
    The document discusses the key subsystems (spheres) that make up the Earth system - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. It provides details on the composition and important processes within each sphere, such as the hydrologic cycle within the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and photosynthesis within the biosphere. The spheres are considered open systems that interact and exchange both matter and energy, contributing to the overall functioning of the Earth system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Part 1:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMxjzWHbyFM

    Part 2:
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXh_7wbnS3A
    What is a system?
    • A system exist in a system environment that is consist of elements,
    which stand in a special relationship to each other.
    • A closed system is a system in which there is only an exchange of
    heat or energy and no exchange of matter. An open system is a
    system where both energy and matter flow into and out of the system.
    • Earth is a closed system as it receives energy from the sun and
    returns some of this to space.
    Earth’s Subsystems
    • Act together which contributes to the overall operation of the total
    system.
    • The subsystems (spheres) of Earth are open systems as both
    matter and energy can flow across the boundaries between each of
    the subsystems.
    ATMOSPHERE
    • The gaseous envelope
    that surrounds the Earth
    and constitutes the
    transition between the
    surface of the Earth and
    the vacuum of space.
    • The present atmosphere
    is composed of 78%
    nitrogen (N), 21%
    oxygen (O2), 0.9%
    argon, and trace amount
    of other gases.
    ATMOSPHERE
    • One of the most important
    processes by which the
    heat on the Earth's
    surface is redistributed is
    through atmospheric
    circulation.
    • There is also a constant
    exchange of heat and
    moisture between the
    atmosphere and the
    hydrosphere through the
    hydrologic cycle.
    HYDROSPHERE
    • It includes all 'water' (H2O) on
    Earth in the gaseous state
    (water vapor), in the liquid state
    (water) and in the frozen state
    (The Cryosphere).
    • About 70% of the Earth is
    covered with liquid water
    (hydrosphere) and much of it is
    in the form of ocean water.
    • Only 3% of Earth's water is
    fresh: two-thirds are in the form
    of ice, and the remaining one-
    third is present in streams,
    lakes, and groundwater.
    GEOSPHERE
    • The lithosphere includes the rocks
    of the crust and mantle, the
    metallic liquid outer core, and the
    solid metallic inner core.
    • The Geosphere is the solid Earth
    that includes continental and
    oceanic crust as well as the various
    layers of the Earth's interior. Three
    recognised seismic discontinuities,
    Mohorovicic, Gutenberg and
    Lemann, separate solid Earth into
    four distinct layers: CRUST,
    MANTLE, OUTER CORE and
    INNER CORE.
    BIOSPHERE
    • The life zone of the Earth and includes all living organisms, including
    humans (The Anthrosphere), and all organic matter that has not yet
    decomposed.
    • It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the rainforest, from mangroves
    to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.
    BIOSPHERE
    • For the majority of life on Earth, the base of the food chain comprises
    photosynthetic organisms. During photosynthesis, CO2 is sequestered
    from the atmosphere, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. The
    biosphere is a CO2 sink, and therefore, an important part of the carbon
    cycle.

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