Earth Science Q1 Presentation 2

Earth as
a System
Earth as a System
Content Standard::
1. The subsystems (geosphere,
hydrosphere, atmosphere, and
biosphere) that make up the Earth
Learning Competency:
1. Explain that the Earth consists of four
subsystems, across whose boundaries
matter and energy flow (S11ES-Ib-5)
Motivation: What do you know about or
experience regarding El Niño?
OUR
PLANET
EARTH
EARTH
“The Blue Marble”
Terra or "Gaia“- is the third closest
planet to the Sun, the densest planet
in the Solar System.
 the largest of the Solar System's four
terrestrial planets and the only celestial
body known to accommodate life.
Earth as a System
• earth is a dynamic body with many
separate but interacting parts or
spheres
• the four spheres are: hydrosphere,
atmosphere, biosphere and
geosphere
Earth as a System
• The atmosphere is the thin gaseous

layer that envelopes the lithosphere.
• The present atmosphere is composed
of 78% nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen
(O2), 0.9%
• argon, and trace amount of other
gases.
Atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a
planet or other material body of sufficient mass
that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if
the gravity is high and the atmosphere's
temperature is low.
Earth's atmosphere, which is mostly
nitrogen, also contains oxygen used by
most organisms for respiration and carbon
dioxide used
by plants, algae and cyanobacteria for
photosynthesis, also protects living organisms
from genetic damage by solar ultraviolet
radiation.
Earth as a System
• One of the most important processes by
which the heat on the Earth's surface is
redistributed is through atmospheric
circulation.
• There is also a constant exchange of heat
and moisture between the atmosphere
and the through the hydrologic cycle.
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Earth as a System
• Briefly discuss the Plate Tectonics
as an important process shaping
the surface of the Earth.
• The primary driving
mechanism is the Earth's
internal heat, such as that in
mantle convection.
THE LITHOSPHERE
The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a
rocky planet defined on the basis of the
mechanical properties. On Earth, it comprises
the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that
behaves elastically on time scales of thousands
of years or greater. The outermost shell of a
rocky planet defined on the basis of the
chemistry and mineralogy is a crust.
LITHOSPHERE
Lithosphere –
refers only to the
crust and the top
portion of the upper
mantle.
Geosphere
Is a major
sphere of Earth
that deals with
the solid
components, such
as landforms,
rocks, and the
layers of Earth.
Earth as a System
• The biosphere is the set of all life forms
on Earth.
• It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to
the rainforest, from mangroves to coral
reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean
surface to the deep sea.
BIOSPHERE
The biosphere is the global sum of all
ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of
life on Earth, a closed system, and largely
self-regulating. By the most, generalbio
physiological definition, the biosphere is the
global ecological system integrating all living
beings and their relationships, including their
interaction with the elements of
the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
Earth as a System
• For the majority of life on Earth, the base
of the food chain comprises photosynthetic
organisms. During photosynthesis, CO2 is
sequestered from the atmosphere, while
oxygen is released as a byproduct. The
biosphere is a CO2 sink, and therefore, an
important part of the carbon cycle.
• Sunlight is not necessary for life.
HYDROSPHERE
The hydrosphere in physical geography describes
the combined mass of water found on, under, and
over the surface of a planet. This includes water in
liquid and frozen forms in ground waters, glaciers,
oceans, lakes and streams. Salina water account for
97.5% of this amount. Fresh water accounts for only
2.5%. Of this fresh water 68.7% is in the "form of
ice and permanent snow cover in the Arctic, the
Antarctic, and in the mountainous regions.
Earth as a System
• About 70% of the Earth is covered with
liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it
is in the form of ocean water
• Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-
thirds are in the form of ice, and the
remaining one-third is present in streams,
lakes, and groundwater.
• The oceans are important sinks for CO2
through direct exchange with the
atmosphere
Earth System’s components can be taken
separately but the parts are not isolated
Each component is related in some ways to the
others to produce a complex and continuously
interacting whole called Earth system
How does the Earth on which
we live function as a whole?
Earth as a System
• What is a system?
• A system can be defined as any size
group of interacting parts that form
a complex whole
• it may be a closed system or an
open system
Earth as a System
• In a closed system, energy moves
freely in and out of the system but no
matter enters or leaves the system
• By contrast most natural systems are
open systems and are far more
complicated than the closed systems
Earth as a System
• In an open system, both energy and

matter flow in and out of the
system.
• A weather system like a hurricane is

an example of an open system
Earth as a System
• In a hurricane, factors such as the
quantity of the water vapor available
or cloud formation, the amount of
heat released by condensing water
vapor, or the flow of air in and out of
the storm can fluctuate
• At times a storm may strengthen, at
other times it may remain stable or
weaken
Earth as a System
• Most natural systems have feedback
mechanisms that tend to enhance
change as well as other mechanisms
that tend to resist change and thus
stabilize the system
• Example is the cooling mechanism
when you perspire
Earth as a System
• Negative feedback mechanisms work
to maintain the system or the status
quo
• Mechanisms that enhance or drive
change are positive feedback
mechanisms
• Most of earth systems, contains a
wide variety of negative and
positive feedback mechanisms
Water Cycle
Water cycle
represents an
unending
circulation of
Earth’s water
among the
hydrosphere,
atmosphere,
biosphere, and
geosphere
Earth as a System
• Energy sources for Earth systems are
the Sun and the Earth’s interior
• Weather and climate, ocean
circulation, and erosional processes
are driven by energy from the Sun
• Heat from the interior of Earth powers
internal processes that produce
volcanoes, earthquakes and
mountains
Earth as a System
• The parts of the Earth systems are
linked
• Change in one part can produce

changes in any or all parts of
the system
Parts of the
Earth System
are Linked
Lava, large
quantities of
ashes and gases
spewed out
from the
erupting
volcano might
cause changes
in the Earth
System
Enrichment
Activity
• The impact of man to the environment has
become so massive that scientists are
proposing the addition of man or the
‘anthroposphere’ to the Earth system.
• Write an essay not exceeding 200 words
on how man has altered the
atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere,
lithosphere, and as a consequence, the
Earth System as whole.
Thank you for
Listening!!!
See you next
time!!!

Earth Science Q1 Presentation 2

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Earth Science Q1 Presentation 2

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Earth as

• The atmosphere is the thin gaseous

• In an open system, both energy and

• A weather system like a hurricane is

• Change in one part can produce

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