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    Signalling & Interlocking

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    Pranav Kd
    The document discusses railway signalling systems. It describes the main objectives of signalling as regulating train movement to prevent collisions, maintaining safe distances between trains, and facilitating shunting operations. It classifies signals into functional, locational, and special types. The most important functional signals are stop/semaphore signals, warner signals, ground/disc signals, and colour light signals. It provides details on the components and operation of semaphore signals and warner signals. Ground signals are used for shunting operations. Colour light signals use red, yellow, and green lights instead of mechanical arms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Signalling & Interlocking

    Uploaded by

    Pranav Kd
    30 views6 pages
    The document discusses railway signalling systems. It describes the main objectives of signalling as regulating train movement to prevent collisions, maintaining safe distances between trains, and facilitating shunting operations. It classifies signals into functional, locational, and special types. The most important functional signals are stop/semaphore signals, warner signals, ground/disc signals, and colour light signals. It provides details on the components and operation of semaphore signals and warner signals. Ground signals are used for shunting operations. Colour light signals use red, yellow, and green lights instead of mechanical arms.

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    The document discusses railway signalling systems. It describes the main objectives of signalling as regulating train movement to prevent collisions, maintaining safe distances between trains, and facilitating shunting operations. It classifies signals into functional, locational, and special types. The most important functional signals are stop/semaphore signals, warner signals, ground/disc signals, and colour light signals. It provides details on the components and operation of semaphore signals and warner signals. Ground signals are used for shunting operations. Colour light signals use red, yellow, and green lights instead of mechanical arms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views6 pages

    Signalling & Interlocking

    Uploaded by

    Pranav Kd
    The document discusses railway signalling systems. It describes the main objectives of signalling as regulating train movement to prevent collisions, maintaining safe distances between trains, and facilitating shunting operations. It classifies signals into functional, locational, and special types. The most important functional signals are stop/semaphore signals, warner signals, ground/disc signals, and colour light signals. It provides details on the components and operation of semaphore signals and warner signals. Ground signals are used for shunting operations. Colour light signals use red, yellow, and green lights instead of mechanical arms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    S6 CIVIL

    TRANSPORTATION
    ENGINEERING [SIGNALLING & INTERLOCKING]
    SIGNALLING
    OBJECTS OF SIGNALLING

    The main purpose of signalling & interlocking is to control and regulate the
    movement of trains.

    The objectives of signalling are,

    1) To regulate the movement of trains running in opposite directions to


    prevent collision.
    2) To help to regulate the movement of trains in the same direction by
    keeping a safe distance between them.
    3) To facilitate safe shunting operations within the station limits.
    4) To control and restrict the speed of trains at curves during maintenance
    and repairs of track.
    5) To regulate the movement of incoming and outgoing trains.

    CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS

    i) Stop signals or Semaphore signal


    ii) Warner signals
    I) FUNCTIONAL SIGNALS
    iii) Ground signals or Disc signals
    iv) Colour light signals
    RAILWAY SIGNALS

    RECEPTION
    a) Outer signal
    SIGNALS
    b) Home signal
    II) LOCATIONAL SIGNALS
    c) Starter signal
    DEPARTURE
    d) Advanced starter signal SIGNALS

    i) Routing signals
    ii) Repeating signals
    III) SPECIAL SIGNALS iii) Co-acting signals

    iv) Calling on signals


    v) Indicators

    I. FUNCTIONAL SIGNALS

    The most important of this type are:

    VIJAYASREE K.K., LECTURER [HG], CPTC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, TVPM. 1


    S6 CIVIL
    TRANSPORTATION
    ENGINEERING [SIGNALLING & INTERLOCKING]
    1) Stop signals or Semaphore signals
    2) Warner signals
    3) Ground signals or Disc signals
    4) Colour light signals
    1) Stop signal or Semaphore signals

    This signal directs the driver of a train to stop or proceed. It is placed on the
    left side of the direction of movement of a train with the arm projecting away from the
    track for which it is intended.

    A STOP signal is also called a Semaphore signal. The following figure shows
    a Semaphore signal.

    The main components parts are:

    1) Signal or vertical post


    2) Semaphore arm
    3) Lamp for night use
    4) Coloured spectacles
    5) Crank rod
    6) Weight or lever

    VIJAYASREE K.K., LECTURER [HG], CPTC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, TVPM. 2


    S6 CIVIL
    TRANSPORTATION
    ENGINEERING SIGNALLING & INTERLOCKING]
    [

    7) Signal wire
    8) Chain
    9) Spindle
    10) White band on semaphore arm

     The signal carries a horizontal movable arm pivoted on a vertical post.


     When the arm is in the horizontal position, it is said to be in the ON position
    and directs the driver to stop the train at the signal.
     When it is in an inclined position, it is said to be in the OFF position and
    directs the driver to proceed.
     The side facing the driver is painted red with a vertical white band, near the
    end.
     The other side is painted white with a vertical black band.
     The arm contains red and green coloured glasses over which a spectacle is
    provided.
     The red glass is on the upper end and the green light at the lower end, so that
    when the arm is horizontal, the red light would be visible and when the arm is
    inclined, the green light is visible.
     The arm is operated by means of a crank rod, operated by a wire from the
    cabin room.
     A counterweight is attached to the cam so that the arm comes to the horizontal
    position when anything goes wrong with the mechanism.

    VIJAYASREE K.K., LECTURER [HG], CPTC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, TVPM. 3


    S6 CIVIL
    TRANSPORTATION
    ENGINEERING [SIGNALLING & INTERLOCKING]

    2) Warner signals

    A warner signal is used on high speed sections to warn a driver of a stop signal
    ahead. The advance warning gives time to a driver to stop if necessary as it will not be
    safe to confront the stop signal suddenly.

    The warner signal is placed independently on a post with a green light 1.5m to
    2m above or on the same post as the outer or home signals.

    VIJAYASREE K.K., LECTURER [HG], CPTC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, TVPM. 4


    S6 CIVIL
    TRANSPORTATION
    ENGINEERING [SIGNALLING & INTERLOCKING]
     If the warner arm is inclined, it is said to be in OFF position and it indicates that
    the stop signal too is in the OFF position and the driver can proceed.
     If the warner arm is horizontal, the signal is said to be in ON position and the
    Stop signal ia also in the ON position and the driver should proceed with
    caution and should be prepared to stop at the next stop signal.

     A warner signal is provided with colour lights to give more confidence to the driver
    while approaching the stop signal during night time.
     Red below green will be an indication when the stop signal is in ON position and the
    green light is an indication that stop signal is in OFF position.
     The warner signal is similar to a stop signal except that the semaphore arm is
    provided with a V-notch at the free end.

    VIJAYASREE K.K., LECTURER [HG], CPTC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, TVPM. 5


    S6 CIVIL
    TRANSPORTATION
    ENGINEERING SIGNALLING & INTERLOCKING]
    [

    3) Ground Signal or Disc signals


     The ground signal consists of a white painted disc mounted on a stand.
     A red bans of 200 mm width is painted across the disc and houses a red
    spectacle.
     Another green spectacle is provided on the disc.
     Provision is made to accommodate a signal lantern behind the disc.
     When the red band is kept horizontal, it indicates ON position or STOP
    signal.
     The disc can be rotated to shift the red band to an inclined position which
    indicates OFF (PROCEED) signal.
     During night, the red and green spectacle against the light of the lantern
    shows the ON and OFF position of the signal.
     Ground signals are used for shunting operations and are sometimes called
    shunting signals.
     They are very handy for maintenance gangs repairing the track, during day
    and night times.

    4) Colour light signals.


     Now a day there is a tendency to eliminate human element from signalling
    operating as far as possible and make signalling wholly electrically operated.
     There is no moving arm in these signals and these are provided with three
    coloured lights.
     Red light indicates ‘stop.’
     Yellow light indicates ‘proceed with caution’
     Green light indicates ‘proceed’
     Semaphore signals are lowered only when a train is due to approach and
    normally remain in danger position.
     Automatic signals normally remain in proceed station unless a train is already
    in the section when it automatically turns to stop position.

    VIJAYASREE K.K., LECTURER [HG], CPTC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, TVPM. 6

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