New SME Lab Manual
New SME Lab Manual
New SME Lab Manual
Syllabus
102003 - Systems in Mechanical Engineering
Course Objectives:
Course Contents
propeller shaft, universal joint, differential gearbox and axles. Vehicle active and passive
safety arrangements: seat, seat belts, airbags and antilock brake system.
Unit V Introduction to Manufacturing (06 Hrs)
Conventional Manufacturing Processes: Casting, Forging, Metal forming (Drawing,
Extrusion, etc.), Sheet metal working, Metal joining, etc. Metal cutting processes and
machining operations- Turning, Milling and Drilling, etc. Micromachining. Additive
manufacturing and 3D Printing. Reconfigurable manufacturing system and IOT, Basic CNC
programming: Concept of Computer Numerical Controlled machines.
Unit VI Engineering Mechanisms and their application in Domestic Appliances
(6Hrs.) Introduction to Basic mechanisms and equipment: Pumps, blowers, compressors,
springs, gears, Belt-Pulley, Chain-Sprocket, valves, levers, etc. Introduction to terms:
Specifications, Input, output, efficiency, etc. Applications of: Compressors - Refrigerator,
Water cooler, Split AC unit; Pumps - Water pump for overhead tanks, Water filter/Purifier
units; Blower - Vacuum cleaner, Kitchen Chimney; Motor - Fans, Exhaust fans, Washing
machines; Springs - Door closure, door locks, etc.; Gears - Wall clocks, watches, Printers,
etc.; Application of Belt-Pulley/Chain-Sprocket - Photocopier, bicycle, etc.; Valves - Water
tap, etc.; Application of levers - Door latch, Brake pedals, etc.; Electric/Solar energy -
Geyser, Water heater, Electric iron, etc. (simple numerical on efficiency calculation )
Text Books
1. Nag, P. K., “Engineering Thermodynamics,'' Tata McGraw-Hill Publisher Co. Ltd.
2. Chaudhari and Hajra, “Elements of Workshop Technology”, Volume I and II, Media
Promoters and Publishers, Mumbai
3. Agrawal,Basant and Agrawal, C. M., (2008), “Basics of Mechanical Engineering”, John
Wiley and Sons, USA
4. Rajput, R.K., (2007), “Basic Mechanical Engineering”, Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd.
5. Pravin Kumar, (2018), “ Basic Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Ed.”, Pearson (India) Ltd.
6. Moran, M. J., Shapiro, H. N., Boettner, D. D., and Bailey, M. “Fundamentals of
Engineering Thermodynamics”, Wiley
7. Surinder Kumar, (2011), “Basic of Mechanical Engineering”, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd. New
Delhi
Reference Books
1. Khan, B. H., “Non Conventional Energy Sources, Tata McGraw-Hill Publisher Co. Ltd.
2. Boyle, Godfrey, “Renewable Energy”,2nd Ed., Oxford University Press
3. Khurmi, R.S. ,and Gupta, J. K.,“A Textbook of Thermal Engineering”, S. Chand & Sons
4. Incropera, F. P. and Dewitt, D.P., (2007), “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 6th
Ed., John Wiley and Sons, USA
5. Groover,Mikell P., (1996), “Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials,
Processes, and Systems”, Prentice Hall, USA
6. Norton, Robert L., (2009), “Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery”, Tata McGrawHill
7. Cleghorn, W. L., (2005), “Mechanisms of Machines”, Oxford University Press
9. Ganeshan, V., (2018), “Internal Combustion Engines”, McGraw Hill
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1. To identify the sources of energy and their conversions
COURSE OUTCOMES
On completion of the course, learner will be able to:
CO1: Describe and compare the conversion of energy from renewable and non-renewable
energy sources
CO2: Explain basic laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer and their applications.
CO3: List down the types of road vehicles and their specifications
CO4: Illustrate various basic parts and transmission system of a road vehicle
CO5: Discuss several manufacturing processes and identify the suitable process
Program outcomes
Course
Outcome
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
102003.1 1 1 1
102003.2 1 1 1
102003.3 1 1 1 1
102003.4 1 1 1 1
102003.5 1 1 1
102003.6 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Low-1
Medium-2
High-3
Experiment No:
a)
Introduction:
Student’s Observations on
a. Functioning or Process
d. Environmental impact
Conclusion
a. Summary of the visit
9. Visit Pictures
Photo1 Photo2
(With date)
Group B: Assignments
Experiment No:
Objective:
After studying this experiment, you should be able to:-
Understand the concept of various forms of energy source.
Distinguish and Compare the various forms of energy source
Understand the importance of renewable energy source.
Introduction:
We use many different energy sources to do work. Energy sources are classified as
renewable (Non-Conventional) or non-renewable (Conventional). Renewable and non-
renewable energy can be used as primary energy sources and converted into secondary
energy sources such as electricity and hydrogen.
Questions:-
Q1.What is Non-conventional source of energy? Explain the different types of source of
energy
Q2. What is solar energy? Explain solar thermal energy applications.
Q3.What is wind energy? How is electricity produced from wind energy? Discuss wind
energy development in India.
Q4. What is meant by geothermal energy? What are the main applications of geothermal
energy?
Q5.What is the basic principle of tidal energy? What are the advantages and limitations of
tidal power generation?
Experiment No:
Objective:
After studying this experiment, you should be able to:-
Understand the specification of various vehicle.
Understand the system in passenger car.
Understand the role of various system in car.
Apparatus:
Introduction:
Car specifications, or car specs, provide a snapshot of a vehicle's important details and
are commonly displayed by a car dealer at the dealership. This information might be a
printout attached to a car window or given to you as a hand out when you inquire about a
specific car. Understanding these specs and how they can affect you as the potential owner of
the vehicle can help you save time and ensure you get the right car for your lifestyle.
Car specs typically fall into the loose categories of construction, operation, and
performance. Construction specs can include basic dimensional factors like height and
weight, as well as deeper details like the car's wheelbase and cargo capacity. Operation specs
include features such as air conditioning, cruise control and seating materials. Performance
specs indicate how the vehicle can be expected to drive and, yes, perform. These can include
fuel economy and the vehicle's turning radius.
Construction specs are often presented as a simple block of data. Lighter vehicles are
often easier on fuel, but may not always have the power or traction of more heavy-duty
versions. A vehicle's height might be of concern if you regularly drive under bridges or
through short drive-through locations. This is a major factor for drivers of large trucks or
vans. Other commonly reported information includes vehicle length and ground clearance.
These are important for those driving off-road.
Questions:-
Experiment No:
Questions:-
Q1. What is electric vehicle? What is the need of electric vehicle?
Q2. Explain the working principle of electric vehicle.
Q3. Explain the different types of electric vehicles.
Q4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles?
Q5. Explain the Indian electric vehicles scenario.
Experiment No:
Questions:-
OR
OR
Group C Experiments
Experiment No: 06
Objectives:
Theory:
Chassis is a French term and was initially used to denote the frame parts or Basic Structure of
the vehicle. It is the back bone of the vehicle. A vehicle without body is called Chassis. The
components of the vehicle like Power plant, Transmission System, Axles, Wheels and Tyres,
Suspension, Controlling Systems like Braking, Steering etc., and also electrical system parts
are mounted on the Chassis frame. It is the main mounting for all the components including
the body. So it is also called as Carrying Unit
The chassis is formed by the frame with the frame side members and cross members. The
frame is usually made of box, tubular and channel members that are welded or riveted
together. In addition to this, it comprises of the springs with the axles and wheels, the steering
system and the brakes, the fuel tank, the exhaust system, the radiator, the battery and other
accessories. Along with this the frame supports the body.
The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. In general, internal combustion engine with
petrol or diesel fuel is used to run a vehicle. An engine may be either a two stroke engine or a
four-stroke engine.
An engine consists of a cylinder, piston, valves, valve operating mechanism, carburetor (or
MPFI in modern cars), fan, fuel feed pump and oil pump, etc. Besides this, an engine requires
ignition system for burning fuel in the engine cylinder.
The power developed by the engine is transferred to the wheels by transmission system.
Transmission system must do three jobs :
It must provide varying gear ratios. Number of gear ratio is equal to number of gears in a
vehicle.
4. Clutch
The purpose of the clutch is to allow the driver to couple or decouple the engine and
transmission. When clutch is in engaged position, the engine power flows to the transmission
through it (clutch). When gears are to be changed while vehicle is running, the clutch permits
temporary decoupling of engine and wheels so that gears can be shifted. In a scooter, the
clutch is operated by hand where as in a car the clutch is operated by foot. It is necessary to
interrupt the flow of power before gears are changed. Without a clutch, it will be very
difficult.
5. Final Drive
Final drive is the last stage in transferring power from engine to wheels. It reduces the speed
of the propeller shaft (drive shaft) to that of wheels. It also turns the drive of the propeller
shaft by an angle of 90o to drive the wheels. The propeller shaft has a small bevel pinion
which meshes with crown wheel. The crown wheel gives rotary motion to rear axles. The size
of crown wheel in bigger than that of bevel pinion, therefore, the speed of rear axles (or
crown wheel) in lower than the speed of pinion. Final drive is of two types, i.e. chain type
and gear type.
6. Gear Box
Gear box contain gearing arrangement to get different speeds. Gears are used to get more
than one speed ratios. When both mating gears have same number of teeth, both will rotate at
same number speed. But when one gear has less teeth than other, the gear with less number of
teeth will rotate faster than larger gear. In a typical car, there may be six gears including one
reverse gear. First gear gives low speed but high torque. Higher gears give progressively
increasing speeds. Gears are engaged and disengaged by a shift lever.
7.Front Axle
A part of the weight of vehicle is transmitted to the wheels through this axle. The front axle
performs several functions. It carries the weight of the front of the vehicle and also takes
horizontal and vertical loads when vehicle moves on bumpy roads. When brakes are provided
on front wheels, it endures bending stresses and torsional stresses. It is generally made from
steel drop forging. It is robust in construction.
Conclusions:
The different components of power train or transmission system are studied with respect to
their construction and working.
Experiment No:
Overview: The chassis is formed by the frame with the frame side members and cross
members. The frame is usually made of box, tubular and channel members that are welded or
riveted together. In addition to this, it comprises of the springs with the axles and wheels, the
steering system and the brakes, the fuel tank, the exhaust system, the radiator, the battery and
other accessories. Along with this the frame supports the body.
Objectives:
To study the constructional details of vehicle chassis and steering system of automobile.
To study functioning of chassis.
To study functioning of different elements of vehicle steering system
Theory:
1.Conventional Frame
It has two long side members and 5 to 6 cross members joined together with the help of rivets
and bolts. The frame sections are used generally.
a. Channel Section - Good resistance to bending
b. Tabular Section - Good resistance to Torsion
c. Box Section - Good resistance to both bending and Torsion
2. Integral Frame
This frame is used now days in most of the cars. There is no frame and all the assembly units
are attached to the body. All the functions of the frame carried out by the body itself. Due to
elimination of long frame it is cheaper and due to less weight most economical also. Only
disadvantage is repairing is difficult.
In some vehicles half frame is fixed in the front end on which engine gear box and front
suspension is mounted. It has the advantage when the vehicle is met with accident the front
frame can be taken easily to replace the damaged chassis frame. This type of frame is used in
FIAT cars and some of the European and American cars.
2. Steering System
This system provides the directional change in the movement of an Automobile and maintain
in a position as per the driver’s decision without much strain on him.
1. Steering Wheel:
It is provided in the driver's cabin.The driver can rotate the steering wheel in the direction
as required to steer the vehicle.
2. Steering Column:
It transmits the rotary motion of steering wheel to the input of steering gearbox.
3.Steering Gearbox:
It provides the mechanical advantage so that only a small effort is required at the steering
wheel to apply much larger force at the wheels.
4. Pitman or Drop Arm:
Pitman is rigidly connected to the output of steering gearbox. • The other end of pitman is
connected to the drag link by a ball joint. • It converts the rotary motion of gearbox output
shaft to linear movement of drag link.
5. Drag Link (Link rod):
The drag link is connected to the stub axle.
6. Stub Axle:
The stub axle is swiveled about the king pin. One end of stub axle is connected to the
drag link by a link rod arm. The two stub axles are connected to each other by track rod
arm and tie rod.
7. Track Rod Arm and Tie Rod:
Track rod arm and tie rod form mechanism. They connect both the stub axles. A slider
joint is provided in the tie rod for alignment. steering linkages for wheel adjustment of
a 4-bar link.
Conclusion:
The different types of chassis frame and components of steering system of vehicle are studied
with respect to their construction and working.
Experiment No:
Objectives:
To study the constructional details of pump, compressor and turbine.
To understand working of pump, compressor and turbine.
2. Compressor
A compressor is used to increase the pressure of the air which can be used for a variety of
purposes, from industrial and manufacturing to commercial and personal purposes. The most
well known use of they; compressor is in the case of pneumatic tools such as air-powered nail
guns, staplers, sanders, spray pa ratchet wrenches, etc.
2.1. Reciprocating Air Compressor
Reciprocating compressor is a machine which is used to increase the pressure energy of the
working fluid by means of piston cylinder arrangement, here in refrigeration the working
fluid is refrigerant. It is a positive displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a
crankshafts to deliver gases at high pressure.
In a reciprocating compressor, a volume of air is drawn into a cylinder, it is trapped, and
compressed by piston and then discharged into the discharge line. The cylinder valves control
the flow of air through the cylinder; these valves act as check valves.
3. Turbine
Turbines are the hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.
4.1. Impulse Turbine (Pelton Wheel)
Impulse turbine works on the basic principle of impulse.
When the jet of water strikes at the turbine blade with full of its speed, it generates a large
force which used to rotate the turbine.
The force is depends on the time interval and velocity of jet strikes the blades.
This turbine used to rotate the generator, which produces electric power.
High pressure water flow form dam (high head) to nozzle (low head).
This water flows through divergent nozzle where it’s all pressure energy change into
kinetic energy. It forms a water jet.
The water jet strikes the blade at high speed which rotates the rotor.
It transfers all kinetic energy of water to the rotor, which further use to rotate the
generator.
After transferring energy, water flows to the tail race.
This process run continuously until sufficient power generates.
Conclusion: The energy conversion devices such as Pump, compressor and Turbine
are studied
Experiment No:
Objectives:
Theory:
2. Input/output Devices: The written part program is entered into the micro-computer by
using input devices like keyboard, CD, DVD, etc.
The entered program is stored in computer memory which can be recalled whenever required.
Also, the program can be easily edited and modified as per the requirement.
4. Micro-computer (MCU):
The entered part program is read by the micro-computer which is the machine control unit of
CNC system. It controls all the movements of machine tool, actuation of all the drives,
coolant supply, etc. of the machine tool.
It is the manufacturing arm of CNC machine tool system. It receives raw material and
performs various operations which are needed. For performing these operations it should
receive the information from the MCU. In CNC system, all the operations like spindle start
and stop, tool positioning, tool changing, speed control, etc. are fully automatic.
4. Feedback Device :
Feedback device receives feedback from the machine tool and gives it to the MCU.
Conclusions:
Experiment No:
Objective:
1. To understand the relative motion between the output and the input
shaft of the universal joint.
2. To understand the variation of angle output shaft and input shaft.
Introduction:
A universal joint is a joint or coupling in a rigid rod that allows the rod
to 'bend' in any direction and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary
motion. It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at 90°
to each other, connected by a cross shaft. It is not a constant velocity joint.
The universal joint suffers from one major problem: even when the input
drive shaft axle rotates at a constant speed, the output drive shaft axle
rotates at a variable speed, thus causing vibration and wear.
The two fork ends are assembled co-axially with respect to the centre
block. The pins are assembled into the holes provided in the fork end. They
are held in position by means of a collar and a collar pin. The assembled
view of a universal joint is shown below. For a detailed understanding of the
assembly of a typical universal joint.