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    Topic 3: Networks: Network Fundamentals

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    Aadit Sen
    Standards are important for networking because they provide compatibility allowing hardware and software from different manufacturers to communicate. Without standards, products from various vendors would be difficult or impossible to interconnect. Communication over networks is broken down into layers with the OSI model having 7 layers and TCP/IP having 4 layers. The layers define the abstraction of communication and how data is transported and addressed across a network.

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    Topic 3: Networks: Network Fundamentals

    Uploaded by

    Aadit Sen
    6 views17 pages
    Standards are important for networking because they provide compatibility allowing hardware and software from different manufacturers to communicate. Without standards, products from various vendors would be difficult or impossible to interconnect. Communication over networks is broken down into layers with the OSI model having 7 layers and TCP/IP having 4 layers. The layers define the abstraction of communication and how data is transported and addressed across a network.

    Original Description:

    CS IBDP

    Original Title

    3.1.2 - 3.1.3

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    Standards are important for networking because they provide compatibility allowing hardware and software from different manufacturers to communicate. Without standards, products from various vendors would be difficult or impossible to interconnect. Communication over networks is broken down into layers with the OSI model having 7 layers and TCP/IP having 4 layers. The layers define the abstraction of communication and how data is transported and addressed across a network.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views17 pages

    Topic 3: Networks: Network Fundamentals

    Uploaded by

    Aadit Sen
    Standards are important for networking because they provide compatibility allowing hardware and software from different manufacturers to communicate. Without standards, products from various vendors would be difficult or impossible to interconnect. Communication over networks is broken down into layers with the OSI model having 7 layers and TCP/IP having 4 layers. The layers define the abstraction of communication and how data is transported and addressed across a network.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Topic 3:

    Networks
    Network fundamentals
    Topic 3.1.2
    Outline the importance of standards in the construction of networks.
    Lesson Objectives
    Student should be able to:

    ● Define the term standards.


    ● Outline the importance of standards.
    ● Appreciate the importance of compatibility.
    Standards are important!
    ● Standards describe the common ground on which hardware and software
    manufacturers (Apple, Microsoft, Linux etc.) can depend on in order to build
    systems that are able to communicate with each other.
    ● Standards provide a common international ”language" that enables
    compatibility for all computer systems throughout the globe.
    Standards are important!
    ● Standards play an important role in
    networking.
    ● Without standards, manufacturers of
    networking products have no common ground
    on which to build their systems.
    ● Interconnecting products from various
    vendors would be difficult, if not impossible.
    ● Without agreed standards, communication
    would be difficult (if not impossible)
    Topic 3.1.3
    Describe how communication over networks is broken down into different

    layers.
    Lesson Objectives
    Student should be able to:

    ● Explain how communication over networks is analyzed into different layers.


    ● List the OSI (reference model) layers.
    ● Explain how the OSI model facilitates abstraction.
    ● List the TCP/IP (protocol model) layers.
    ● Explain the function of TCP/IP.
    The communication over networks is broken into seven layers.
    7. Application layer - Presents the information in a user-friendly way (HTML)
    6. Presentation layer - Converts data from binary format to user-friendly format or vice
    versa
    5. Session layer - Creates a bridge between 2 computers by checking the presence of
    both devices
    4. Transport layer - Decides the way how the data will be transported (TCP -
    transmission control protocol)
    3. Network layer - Checks the presence of the IP address
    2. Data link layer - Checks the physical address of the device (MAC)
    1. Physical layer - Checks the presence of cables
    If data is sent the list goes from 7 to 1. If data is received the list goes from 1 to 7.
    TCP/IP Model
    ● TCP and IP are two of the network standards that define the internet.
    ● IP defines how computers can get data to each other over a routed,
    interconnected set of networks.
    ● TCP defines how applications can create reliable channels of communication
    across a network.
    ● IP basically defines addressing and routing, while TCP defines how to have a
    conversation across the link without garbling or losing data.
    Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP models

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