NTS111 - Module 1

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: Earth and Life Science
MODULE: 1
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
Name: ______________________________ Section/Strand: _________________
Unit Topic: The Origin and Structure of the Solar System and the Earth System
Topics:
Lesson 1 - Universe and the Solar System
Lesson 2 - Earth and its Structure
Lesson 3 - Earth Subsystem
Introduction:
This Learning Module in Earth and Life Science is good for September 5 to 9, 2022. It contains
links to videos and a series of tasks that you need to accomplish within a week. This primarily
focused on Earth Science and a glimpse of astronomy. Below are the competencies you are
expected to develop:
✔ state the different hypotheses and theories explaining the origin of the universe. (S11/12ES-la-
e-1) MELCs
✔ describe the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the solar system. (S11.12ES-la-e-
2)MELCs
✔ identify the layers of the Earth (s11/12es-la-e-7) MELCs
✔ differentiate the layers of the Earth from each other (S11/12ES-la-e-8) MELCs
At the end of the lessons, you will be able to:

▪ discuss the different hypothesis explaining the origin of the solar system;
▪ describe the Earth’s interior (in terms of crust, mantle, core);
▪ compare the Earth’s layers.
▪ define the concept of a system; and
▪ recognize the Earth as a system composed of subsystems.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
● Copy and Write your answers on a long bond paper
● Once you are done answering all the activities, take a photo of it (make sure that
you will capture it clearly).
● Please upload the photos you’ve captured to the following links below (make sure
to select the right link according to your section).
● This module must be done on or before September 9, 2022 11:59p.m.
● Please keep your answer sheets since I will be collecting that during our face-to-
face schedule.
● You only have 1 attempt to submit your answers, please make it sure to answer all
the activities 1st before submitting it.
ABM
ABM-1A1 = https://forms.gle/LFPBrUZxdurHytHfA
ABM-1A2 = https://forms.gle/omVy7z1tLTSHj9Bs5
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ABM-1B2 = https://forms.gle/LLfg7dhYwqYNnMEp9
ABM-1C1 = https://forms.gle/VZBAacPbayuEXbfp9
ABM-1C2 = https://forms.gle/oBb9Y8kJw4qPvxh37
ABM-1D1 = https://forms.gle/SuX4fj9Z1N6Xc4SE7
ABM-1D2 = https://forms.gle/wxHV8LRxT2X5TCFL7
ABM-1E1 = https://forms.gle/6HhRmtaSKZ5WMcnY7
ABM-1E2 = https://forms.gle/fWuFz463GVcQurSF6
GAS
GAS-1A1 = https://forms.gle/HCGkrdVTvtPYCDGU7
GAS-1A2 = https://forms.gle/cyLKKCgySzdJNPMf8
GAS-1B1 = https://forms.gle/oT82uCThzsxPNZt4A
GAS-1B2 = https://forms.gle/Qz8TfgLCrMz8okmP7
GAS-1C1 = https://forms.gle/7rhQAoujnBfRsQHt7
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
GAS-1C2 = https://forms.gle/E6Q91g7ot7gFsKLy8
GAS-1D1 = https://forms.gle/mTRMhsPcnLmcKEDB7
GAS-1D2 = https://forms.gle/eXnM4t75os3EPfn18
GAS-1E1 = https://forms.gle/vN7zzPMnU4GGXQKR7
GAS-1E2 = https://forms.gle/duuQATrZPdANs5bs7
HUMMS
HUMMS-1A1 = https://forms.gle/k7yjPZ93SSFswB2L9
HUMMS-1A2 = https://forms.gle/Kd9itsoF25M3U9iU6
HUMMS-1B1 = https://forms.gle/DGKnL8b8XqcvFTPF7
HUMMS-1B2 = https://forms.gle/YjVWTpHTdhtuuLXg8
HUMMS-1C1 = https://forms.gle/ZhKLxsuxipxxihMX6
HUMMS-1C2 = https://forms.gle/vXw4wbqdpALKvvWe6
HUMMS-1D1 = https://forms.gle/UUCmqniozKLrk4B3A
HUMMS-1D2 = https://forms.gle/WzccPTSAJQ9JYjR16
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HUMMS-1F1 = https://forms.gle/Mz9hn6acCTzePfje9
HUMMS-1F2 = https://forms.gle/qBPeYtSL5ZMDDJk29
ICT
ICT-1A1 = https://forms.gle/SRJhmam97XQ4z4ed7
ICT-1A2 = https://forms.gle/cnDcwGv1bscaYZXN6
ICT-1B1 = https://forms.gle/6LZBWh2bCFbzGMbm9
ICT-1B2 = https://forms.gle/kzB9VLLhZ2XmxYSo9
ICT-1C1 = https://forms.gle/bnoRzPS1vtVxkAXw5
ICT-1C2 = https://forms.gle/9bX79EBFr8xfkrRX7
ICT-1D1 = https://forms.gle/xQgM3Gj9VxtcJjtV8
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
ICT-1D2 = https://forms.gle/BbvhCaBJ2UFsDV1v6
LESSON 1
UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
MOTIVATION
There are some times in our life that we tend to seek answers to the questions that we
are curious about. But it requires a lot of effort to find the answers to it, since it will need
you to study the phenomena that occurred in a certain scenario.
But have you ever wondered when the Earth was formed? If so, then we will discuss it.
The Earth was formed about 4.5 – 4.6 billion years ago and it is quite a huge number, so
in order for us to appreciate that amount, let’s have an example.
Imagine that you have 1 billion pesos, and you are going to spend a peso per second.
How many years do you think that this 1 billion pesos will run out? If we are going to do
the math, it will take 32 years to spend all that money.
Solution:
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 day = 24 hours
1 year = 365 days
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

1. 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒 x 60 = 3,600
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

2. 3,600 x 24 = 86,400
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

3. 86,400 x 365 = 31,536,000
𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
4. So every year, you will spend 31,536,000 pesos.
5. The question is how many years will it take to spend 1 billion pesos if you are going
to spend 1 peso per second?
6. So, 1,000,000,000 divide it by 31,536,000 pesos per year
𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠
7. 1,000,000,000 pesos ÷ 31, 536,000 = 31.709 years or 32 years.
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
That is how huge a billion is, just imagine creating the Earth takes 4.5 – 4.6 billion years
ago. So it will take a lot of time to form what we can see today. QUALITY requires TIME
to form.
Look at this picture of our Solar System.
Our Solar System is composed of different heavenly bodies, there are planets, asteroids
and moons.
There are 8 planets in our Solar System and Pluto is not part of the planets according to
the International Astronomical Union. In our Solar System the planets are grouped into
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
two categories, first are the Terrestrial Planets, these categories composed of planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Terrestrial planets means Rocky planets whose
surfaces are usually covered with solid, while the Jovian Planets are composed of
planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Jovian Planets are planets that normally
have gaseous surfaces.
Same as planets orbiting the Sun, or Sun also orbiting the center of the Milky Way Galaxy
and it will take 230 million years to make one complete orbit around the Milky Way.
Here is the picture/illustration of the path of our Solar System orbiting around the center
of the Milky Way Galaxy.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Why is our Solar System orbiting the center of the Milky Way?
The reason for the orbiting of our Solar System to the center of the galaxy is because
there is a supermassive Black Hole in the center of the galaxy and it is called
“Sagittarius A”
“Sagittarius A” Possible picture of the black hole
LESSON PROPER
Origin of the Universe
Non-scientific Thought
● Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and myths which narrate that the world
arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun.
● The Kuba people of Central Africa tell the story of a creator god Mbombo (or
Bumba) who, alone in a dark and water-covered Earth, felt an intense stomach
pain and then vomited the stars, sun and moon.
● In India, there is the narrative that gods sacrificed Purusha, the primal man whose
head, feet, eyes, and mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon respectively.
● The monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam claim that a supreme
being created the universe, including man and other living organisms.
Steady State Model
● The now discredited steady state model of the universe was proposed in 1948 by
Bondi and Gould and by Hoyle.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
● It maintains that new matter is created as the universe expands thereby

maintaining its density.
● Its predictions led to tests and its eventual rejection with the discovery of the
cosmic microwave background.
Big Bang Theory

● As the currently accepted theory of the origin and evolution of the universe, the Big
Bang Theory states that 13.8 billion years ago, the universe expanded from a tiny,
dense and hot mass to its present size and much cooler state.
● The theory rests on two ideas: General Relativity and the Cosmological Principle.
In Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, gravity is thought of as a distortion of
space-time and no longer described by a gravitational field in contrast to the Law
of Gravity of Isaac Newton. General Relativity explains peculiarities of the orbit of
Mercury and the bending of light by the Sun and has passed rigorous tests. The
Cosmological Principle assumes that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic
when averaged over large scales. This is consistent with our current large-scale
image of the universe. But keep in mind that it is clumpy at smaller scales.
● The Big Bang Theory has withstood the tests for expansion: 1) the redshift 2)
abundance of hydrogen, helium and lithium, and 3) the uniformly pervasive cosmic
microwave background radiation-the remnant heat from the bang.
Evolution of the Universe according to the Big Bang Theory
● From time zero (13.8 billion years ago) until 10 -43 seconds later, all matter and
energy in the universe existed as a hot, dense, tiny state. It then underwent
extremely rapid, exponential inflation until 10-32 second later after which and until
10 seconds from time zero, conditions allowed the existence of only quarks,
hadrons, and leptons.
● The Big Bang nucleosynthesis took place and produced protons, neutrons, atomic
nuclei, and hydrogen, helium, and lithium until 20 minutes after time zero when
sufficient cooling did not allow further nucleosynthesis.
● From then on until 380,000 years, the cooling universe entered a matter-dominated
period when photons decoupled from matter and light could travel freely as still
observed today in the form of cosmic background radiation.
● As the universe continued to cool down, matter collected into clouds giving rise to
only stars after 380,000 years and eventually galaxies would form after 100
millions of years from time zero during which, through nucleosynthesis in stars,
carbon and elements heavier than carbon were produced.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
● From 9.8 billion years until the present, the universe became dark-energy
dominated and underwent accelerating expansion. About 9.8 billion years after the
big bang, the solar system was formed.
Activity #1
Instruction: In 3-5 sentences, discuss the following theories. (5 points each)
I. Theories
Non-scientific Thought
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Steady State Model

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Big Bang Theory

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
II. Personal Preference
Would prefer the explanation of Science about the Origin of the Universe
or in Religion?
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
LESSON 2
THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
Lesson Proper
Use the attached link below to watch a video on the layers of the Earth and
answer the following activities.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmgR4PiGp1E
Activity #1: “Put a Label on Me”

Instruction: Label the different layers of the Earth.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Activity #2: “Tell Me Who I Am”

Provide the characteristics of each layer of the Earth through filling in the spaces
Temperature Depths Composition State of Matter
Continental Crust --- ---
Oceanic Crust --- ---
Lower Mantle --- ---
Upper Mantle ---
Inner Core
Outer Core
LESSON 3
EARTH SUBSYSTEMS
Activating Prior Knowledge
Read the statement below and answer the question that follows.
Imagine walking along a rocky coast as a storm blows in from the sea. The wind whips the ocean
into whitecaps, and waves crash onto the shore. Before you have time to escape, blowing spray
has soaked your clothes. A hard rain begins as you scramble over the rocks to your car. During
the adventure, you have observed the spheres of the Earth.
List down the terms that are used in the statement that reflects what made up the Earth. Categorize
them based on the following:
Air Water Land With Life
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Lesson Proper
Subsystem of the Earth
The four subsystems of the Earth are:
1. Atmosphere – it is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface, primarily composed of
78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Other gasses like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, ozone, and other inert gasses made the remaining 1%. The atmosphere
supports life because animals and oxygen, and plants need both carbon dioxide and
oxygen. In addition, the atmosphere supports life indirectly by regulating climate. Air
acts as both blanket and a filter, retaining heat at night and shielding from direct solar
radiation during the day.
2. Biosphere – the zone of Earth where all forms of life exist: in the sea, on land, and in
water. It is sometimes called the large ecosystem. This is the zone that life inhabits.
Biosphere is a very thin layer of the Earth’s surface.
3. Geosphere – the solid Earth, consisting of the entire planet from the center of the core
to the outer crust. It includes the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth.
4. Hydrosphere – the water part of the Earth which circulates among oceans, continents,
glaciers, and atmosphere. Ocean covers 71% of the Earth and contains 97.5% of its
water.
Earth is a complex system made up of many smaller systems through which matter and energy
are continuously cycled. Energy and matter flow through Earth’s spheres: geosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere. Energy flows through the atmosphere mostly by convection. How does
matter and energy flow across the four subsystems of the Earth? The Earth consists of four
subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flows, the atmosphere (air), biosphere (living
things), hydrosphere (water), and geosphere (land). The atmosphere provides the geosphere with heat
and energy needed for rock breakdown and erosion. The biosphere receives gasses, heat, and sunlight
(energy) from the atmosphere. It receives water from the hydrosphere and a living medium from the
geosphere.
Activity #1: “Cause and Effects”

Instruction: Create at least 3 possible scenarios that connect all the Earth’s subsystems and
identify the different subsystems in it.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Example:
Volcanic Eruption
Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere
The ashes from the Some of the plants, Volcanic eruptions can The rivers near the
volcanic eruption will animals or even trigger earthquakes, volcano will be
contaminate the air and humans might die due where plates will be contaminated by the
can create acid rain. to the pyroclastic moved and there is a debris and it might be
materials. possibility that there will poisonous to the
be land deformation. animals or people.
1.
2.
3.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial planet?

a. Mars
b. Jupiter
c. Earth
d. Mercury
2. Which of the following is a Jovian planet?
a. Mars
b. Venus
c. Neptune
d. Pluto
3. What are the most abundant elements in the universe?
a. Argon, Helium, and Lithium
b. Helium, Sodium, and Lithium
c. Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
d. Hydrogen, Helium, and Lithium
4. What is the most abundant element present in the atmosphere?
a. Helium
b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon dioxide
5. It is one of the subsystems where life exists.
a. Atmosphere
b. Asthenosphere
c. Biosphere
d. Geosphere
6. What is the densest layer of the Earth?
a. Oceanic Crust
b. Mantle
c. Continental Crust
d. Inner Core
7. What is the name of the supermassive black hole located in the center of the Milky Way
galaxy?
a. Sagittarius A
b. Orion
c. Pegasus B
d. Perseus C
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
8. How old is the Earth?

a. 1.5 billion years old
b. 4.5 billion years old
c. 45 billion years old
d. 46 billion years old
9. What do you call the distance from the Sun to the Earth where it supports life?
a. Goldilocks Zone
b. Abyssal Zone
c. Twilight Zone
d. Sunlight Zone
10. How many percent of nitrogen is present in the atmosphere?
a. 28%
b. 50%
c. 46%
d. 78%
11. Which system of the Earth is considered as the largest component of the Earth?
a. atmosphere
b. biosphere
c. geosphere
d. hydrosphere
12. Life is supported by oxygen and carbon dioxide. Which subsystem will best describe the
statement?
a. atmosphere
b. biosphere
c. geosphere
d. hydrosphere
13. All of Earth’s cycles and spheres are interconnected. Why is this so?
a. because they are interconnected
b. because Earth is where we live in
c. because Earth is the only living planet
d. because every organism has its own function in the Earth
14. What is an example of a connection between atmosphere and geosphere?
a. water
b. nitrogen
c. mountains
d. volcanic eruptions release gas
15. Which among the choices is an example of a connection between atmosphere and
hydrosphere?
a. lakes
b. rain
c. rivers
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
d. rocks
References:
● deped.gov.ph
● Earth and Life Sciences = by Rex Book Store
● Earth and Life Science = by Leopoldo P. de Silva, Ph.D., Ivan Marcelo A. Duka, Dawn T.
Crisologo.

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ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Name: ______________________________ Section/Strand: _________________

At the end of the lessons, you will be able to:

UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

4. So every year, you will spend 31,536,000 pesos.

6. So, 1,000,000,000 divide it by 31,536,000 pesos per year

Look at this picture of our Solar System.

“Sagittarius A” Possible picture of the black hole

● It maintains that new matter is created as the universe expands thereby

Big Bang Theory

Steady State Model

Big Bang Theory

II. Personal Preference

THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

Activity #1: “Put a Label on Me”

Activity #2: “Tell Me Who I Am”

Continental Crust --- ---

Oceanic Crust --- ---

Lower Mantle --- ---

Upper Mantle ---

Activity #1: “Cause and Effects”

Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere

Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere

Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere

1. Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial planet?

8. How old is the Earth?

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Name: ______________ Section/Strand: _