Hospital network design

Contents
1.1 Introduction to hospital network design.................................................................................................1
1.2 Scope.....................................................................................................................................................2
1.3 NETWORK REQUIRMENTS NETWORK DESIGN..........................................................................2

1.3.1 Hardware requirements analysis used to design wireless campus

network……………………………………………………………………………………………………2
1.4 Network requirement analysis in main and wards for hospital network design.....................................3
1.4.2 User requirement analysis for both main and wards.......................................................................3
1.5 Device using in network analysis for both main and wards...................................................................3
1.5.1 Switch......................................................................................................................................3
1.5.1.3 Configuration option................................................................................................................5
1.5.4 Fiber optics:-.......................................................................................................................................7
1.5.5 Router.................................................................................................................................................7
1.5.5 UTP cable...........................................................................................................................................8
1.6 Configuration guide line........................................................................................................................8
1.6.2 Configuration guide line for router.................................................................................................8
1.6.3 Switch configuration guide line......................................................................................................9
1.6.4 Configuring a default gateway..................................................................................................10
1.6.2 DNS configuration guide line.......................................................................................................10
1.7 IP network design table.......................................................................................................................11
1.7.1 Performance:-...............................................................................................................................11
1.7.2 Resilience:-...................................................................................................................................11
1.8 Network topology diagram..................................................................................................................12
1.9 Network testing and verification..........................................................................................................13

1.1 Introduction
The availability of multi gigabit hospital switches gives workers the opportunity to build
extremely high-performance, high-reliability networks—if they follow correct network design

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approaches. Unfortunately, some alternative network design approaches can result in a network
that has lower performance, reliability, and manageability. The multilayer approach to hospital
network design combines data link layer and multilayer switching to achieve robust or best
enough connection, highly available hospital networks.
At all the projects can be cover all about way to configure all the network at main and wards
with their respective configuration guide line in router, switch and server and the server is at
main block because of the administrative is at there. There are two servers we are going to use in
these projects. Those are web server and DNS server. Thus the web server is used to give access
for all users in the hospital by searching it at wherever place and the DNS server is only used to
convert the IP address to domain name or domain name to IP address. The project is not allowed
to use other servers because of all are listed in the scope of the projects.

1.2 Scope
Installing and configuring these projects is not that much easy, it will be difficult because should
be care of all device. And also during installation it should have specified cable type based on the
length it contains. With specified IP address.
A network proposal has to design for a hospital which has the following. There is main block and
three wards in the campus. The main block in the administrative block where registration of new
patient takes place. The main blocks has 5 floors, the hospital has identified hospital
management software, which should be accessible by the employees. The software installed on a
server at the administrative block. At the ground floor, there are 15 computers at the billing
section. At other floors, there is one computer user each. The farthest distance between the
computer on the top most floors and the ground floor are less than 70 meters. The wards have 5
floors each, with 10 computers in the ground floor of each ward. The distance between the wards
and the blocks are less than 80 meters. The computer in the wards may be increased based on the
future expansion plans.
At all for designing of this network we only consider what have been given on the above.
Whenever considering these all, there is specified IP address for each block of wards and
campus.

1.3 NETWORK REQUIRMENTS HOSPITAL NETWORK DESIGN

 The network should stay up all the time, even in the event of failed links, equipment
failure, and overloaded conditions.
 The network should reliably deliver applications and provide reasonable response times
from any host to any host.
 The network should be secure. It should protect the data that is transmitted over it and
data stored on the devices that connect to it.

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 The network should be easy to modify to adapt to network growth and general business
changes.
Because failures occasionally occur, troubleshooting should be easy. Finding and fixing a
problem should not be too time-consuming.
 Network migration.
 Functional requirements
 Enterprise requirements

1.4 Network requirement analysis in main and wards for hospital network
design
 Requirements analysis consists of identifying, gathering, and understanding system requirements
and their characteristics, and developing thresholds for performance to distinguish services (low,
high-performance, specified services etc.)
 Fundamental to network design on both main block and wards.

1.4.1 Sources of Requirements in main and wards

 Users
 Networks

1.4.1.2 Host requirement

 Desktop
 Servers
o Web
o DNS

1.4.2 User requirement analysis for both main and wards

 Interactivity
 Reliability
 Quality

1.4.2.3 Reliability
 System’s ability to provide deterministic and accurate delivery of information on both main and
wards.
 Connectivity, performance, security.
 Applications requiring predictable, high degree of reliability are mission-critical.

1.5 Device using in network analysis for both main and wards
At all there are so more components in the hardware analysis of main block and wards. We try to
overview some components as they are listed below.

1.5.1 Switch

 A switch is a device in a computer network that connects together other devices.

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 Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch to enable communication between different
networked devices.
 Switches manage the flow of data across a network by transmitting a received network packets
only to the one or more devices for which the packet is intended. Each networked device
connected to a switch can be identified by its network address, allowing the switch to direct the
flow of traffic maximizing the security and efficiency of the network.

An Ethernet switch operates at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model to create a separate collision
domain for each switch port. Each device connected to a switch port can transfer data to any of the other
ports at any time and the transmissions will not interfere. Because broadcasts are still being forwarded to
all connected devices by the switch, the newly formed network segment continues to be a broadcast
domain. Switches may also operate at higher layers of the OSI model, including the network layer and
above. A device that also operates at these higher layers is known as a multilayer switch.

Segmentation involves the use of a switch to split a larger collision domain into smaller ones in order to
reduce collision probability, and to improve overall network throughput. In the extreme case each device
is located on a dedicated switch port. The network switch plays an integral role in most modern Ethernet
local area networks (LANs). Mid-to-large sized LANs contain a number of linked managed switches.

Fig 1.1

1.5.1.2 Role of switch in the network for hospital network design

 Switches are most commonly used as the network connection point for hosts at the edge of a
network.
 In switches intended for commercial use, built-in or modular interfaces make it possible to
connect different types of networks, including Ethernet and Fiber Channel.
 Devices that interconnect at the layer 3 are traditionally called routers, so layer 3 switches can
also be regarded as relatively primitive and specialized routers.
 Where there is a need for a great deal of analysis of network performance and security, switches
may be connected between WAN routers as places for analytic modules.
 A modern switch may implement power over Ethernet, which avoids the need for attached
devices, such as a VoIP phone or wireless access point, to have a separate power supply.

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 Since switches can have redundant power circuits connected to uninterruptible power
supplies, the connected device can continue operating even when regular office power
fails.

1.5.1.3 Configuration option

Unmanaged:- unmanaged switches have no configuration interface or options. They are plug and plays.
They are typically the least expensive switches, and therefore often used in a small office/home office
environment. Unmanaged switches can be desktop or rack mounted.

Managed:- managed switches have one or more methods to modify the operation of the switch. Common
management methods include: a command-line interface (CLI) accessed via serial console, telnet or
Secure Shell, an embedded Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent allowing management
from a remote console or management station, or a web interface for management from a web browser.
Examples of configuration changes that one can do from a managed switch include: enabling features
such as Spanning Tree Protocol or port mirroring, setting port bandwidth, creating or modifying virtual
LANs (VLANs), etc. Two sub-classes of managed switches are smart and enterprise managed switches.

Smart (or intelligent) switches are managed switches with a limited set of management features.
Likewise "web-managed" switches are switches which fall into a market niche between unmanaged and
managed. For a price much lower than a fully managed switch they provide a web interface (and usually
no CLI access) and allow configuration of basic settings, such as VLANs, port-bandwidth and duplex.

Enterprise managed (or fully managed) switches have a full set of management features, including CLI,
SNMP agent, and web interface. They may have additional features to manipulate configurations, such as
the ability to display, modify, backup and restore configurations. Compared with smart switches,
enterprise switches have more features that can be customized or optimized, and are generally more
expensive than smart switches. Enterprise switches are typically found in networks with larger number of
switches and connections, where centralized management is a significant savings in administrative time
and effort. A stackable switch is a version of enterprise-managed switch.

For hospital network design we use enterprise managed switch type because we care for the service we
give for the user and in order to manage the switch all in all. For the reason we are requested to install we
server we have to use the fully managed.

1.5.1.5 Distribution switch

 Distributed switching is an architecture in which multiple processor-controlled switching units

are distributed.
 There is often a hierarchy of switching elements, with a centralized host switch and with remote
switches located close to concentrations of users.

The model of switch we used on hospital network device is 2960 and 3560 switch. Thus 3560 switch is as
distribution switch and 2950 switches are as that used in local area network.

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2960 switch:-

 Offers more intelligent features,

 Higher performance, and at a similar price with that of 2950.

3560 model:-
 The catalyst 3560 series next-generation
 Energy efficient.
 Layer three fast Ethernet switches.
They support cisco energy wise technology, which help companies manage power consumption of the
network infrastructure and network – attached device. For this project it will save power consumption

1.5.2 RJ45

 :

 RJ45 (telecommunications), a standard for a physical interface between customer wiring and
telephone company wiring.
 RJ45 (computers), a commonly-used name for the 8P8C modular connector used in Ethernet and
other data links.

Fig 1.2

1.5.3 Console cable

The Console Cable is used for the serial connection between your computer’s serial port and the console
port on your TP-Link switch or router to access the CLI (Command Line Interface) of the device.

There are many kinds of Console cable in the market, the main two types of Console cable that TP-Link
uses is shown in the pictures below:

Type 1: RS232 DB9 Male Head RS232 DB9 Female Head

Type 2: RS232 DB9 Female Head RJ45 connector

During installation the project is highly recommend you to use the original Console Cable that comes
with the product, but if you lost the Console Cable by accident and need to use a third-part Console Cable
or make one by yourself, please make sure the line sequence of the cable’s connectors is correct.

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As general explanation of console cable is used to communicate router and switch and mainly used for
network installation and configuration.

Fig 1.3

1.5.4 Router
A router is a networking device that forward data packets between computer networks. Routers perform
the traffic directing function on the internet. Data sent through the internet such as web page or email is in
the form of data packets.
A router is connected to two or more data lines from different network. When data packet comes on one
of the lines, the router read the network address information in the packet to determine the ultimate
destination. Then use information on its routing table or routing policy. It directs the packet to the next
network on its journey.

Fig 1.4 Routers

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 PATCH PANEL

is a piece of hardware with multiple ports that helps organize a group of cables. Each of these ports
contains a wire that goes to a different location.  Patch panels can be quite small, with just a few ports,
or very large, with many hundreds of ports. They can also be set up for fiber optic cables, cat5 cables,
RJ45 cables, and many others. 

 OUTLET

A network socket is a software structure within a network node of a computer network that serves as
an endpoint for sending and receiving data across the network.

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1.5.5 UTP cable:-

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables are widely used in the computer and telecommunications industry
as Ethernet cables and telephone wires. In an UTP cable, conductors which form a single circuit are
twisted around each other in order to cancel out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external
sources.

We are use another device like outlet, tester, server, crimper and desktop etc.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable is most certainly by far the most popular cable around the world.
UTP cable is used not only for networking but also for the traditional telephone (UTP-Cat 1). There are
seven different types of UTP categories and, depending on what you want to achieve, you would need
the appropriate type of cable. UTP-CAT5e is the most popular UTP cable which came to replace the old
coaxial cable that was not able to keep up with the constant growing need for faster and more reliable
networks.

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 SERVER

A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. It may serve data to systems on a local
area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet. Many types of servers exist,
including web servers, mail servers, and file servers. Each type runs software specific to the purpose of
the server

A web server is a computer that runs websites. It's a computer program that distributes web pages as
they are requisitioned. The basic objective of the web server is to store, process and deliver web pages
to the users. This intercommunication is done using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and assigns IP addresses, default
gateways and other network parameters to client devices. It relies on the standard protocol known as
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP to respond to broadcast queries by clients.

 RACK

is a supporting framework that holds hardware modules. In this context, racks typically contain servers,
hard disk drives and other computing equipment. Racks make it possible to contain a lot of equipment in
a small physical footprint without requiring shelving. The standard size for racks is nineteen inches
across, although the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) standard is 23”. Nineteen
inch racks are typically 73.5 inches high. For this purpose, the size of equipment designed to be rack-
mounted is specified in terms of rack units (U), which equal 1.75 inches. Racks contain multiple
mounting slots called bays, each designed to hold a hardware unit secured in place with screws.
(Definition continues below the image.)

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1.6 Configuration guide line

We are going to elaborate the configuration guide line for each device. Like router, switch and server
separately with different command with respect to each of them;

1.6.1 Information Needed for Configuration

If you are setting up IP routing:
 Generate the addressing scheme for your IP network.
 Determine the IP routing parameter information, including IP address.
 To make access between the users.

1.6.2 Configuration guide line for router

This will highlight procedures for configuring the basic parameters of Cisco router, including Global
parameter settings, routing protocols, interfaces, and command-line access. It also describes the Default
configuration on startup.

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1.6.3 Configuring Basic Parameters

To configure the router perform one or more of these tasks:-

 Configure global parameters

 Configure fast Ethernet interface
 configure trunk mode

Let see each of them separately:-

1.6.4 Configure Global Parameters

Command purpose

 Configure terminal Enters global configuration mode, when using the console port.
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#

 hostname Specifies the name for the router.

Router(config)# hostname router

Router(config)#

 no ip domain-lookup Disables the router from translating unfamiliar words into IP

Router(config)# no ip domain-lookup
Router(config)#

1.6.5 Configure fast Ethernet interface

Perform these steps to configure the Fast Ethernet interfaces, beginning in global configuration mode.

Command Purpose

interface type number Enters the configuration mode

Step 1 example:- for a Fast Ethernet WAN
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0 interface on the router.
Router(config-int)#
ip address ip-address mask Sets the IP address and subnet
Step 2 example:- mask for the specified Fast
Router(config-int)# ip address 192.168.10.2 Ethernet interface.
255.255.255.0
Router(config-int)#
Step 3 no shutdown Enables the Ethernet interface,
example:- changing its state from
Router(config-int)# no shutdown administratively down to
Router(config-int)# Administratively up.
Step 4 Exit Exits interface configuration
Example:- mode and returns to global
Router(config-int)# exit configuration mode.

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Router(config)#

During configuration of the network it will be the reputation of this command by differentiating of these
fast Ethernet. At all Repeat these steps for the other Fast Ethernet interface if desire.

1.6.3 Switch configuration guide line

To configure my switch from configuration mode, I follow these steps

Step 1 Connect a console terminal to the console interface

Step 2 after a few seconds, you see the user EXEC prompt (Switch>).
Type Enable to enter enable mode:

Switch>enable

Switch#

Step 3 at the enable prompt (#), enter configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode:
Switch#configure terminal

Switch(config)#
Step 4 at the global configuration mode prompt; enter the interface
Command to enter interface configuration mode:
Switch(config)#interface fast Ethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#
Step 5 in either of these configuration modes enter changes to the switch configuration

Step 6 Enter the exit command to exit configuration mode

switch(config-int)# exit

switch(config)#

To verify the configuration we use different commands

Switch# show running-config

Or Switch# do show vlan brief

But they will give us different response and all are for one purpose that is for verification purpose.

1.6.4 Configuring a default gateway

Configure a default gateway to send data to subnets other than its own when the switch is not configured
with a routing protocol. The default gateway must be the IP address of an interface on a router that is
directly connected to the switch.
Step 1 configures a default gateway
switch(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.10.1

Step 2 Verifies that the default gateway is correctly displayed in the IP routing table.

Switch#show ip route brief

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1.6.2 DNS configuration guide line

Some adaptive security appliance features require use of a DNS server to access external servers by
Domain name. In the hospital network design we use DNS server to access external server by domain
name and its main function is to convert domain name to IP address and IP address to domain name.
Other features, such as the ping command, let you enter a name that you want to PING for trace route,
and the adaptive security appliance can resolve the name by communicating with a DNS server.

1.7 IP network design table

Most IP internetworks can be thought of as falling within one of two categories in relation to their design.
There are the networks that have clearly been well designed and there are those that have merely been
pieced together over time. The perceptible difference between these two types of networks illustrates the
importance of good design. A network that has been well designed is characterized by predictability and
consistency in relation to each of the following areas

1.7.1 Performance:-
 Consistently high level of performance is observed in relation to the major network performance
parameters. These parameters might include application response time and the variation in
response time.

1.7.2 Resilience:-
 Ideally the failure of any one link or networking device along the client to server path should not
result in the loss of a client-server session.
 The network should provide a resilient platform for the applications that it supports.
Automatic failover to an alternate path should occur within a time-interval that is short enough to
minimize the effect on existing sessions. This time-interval is called the convergence time, which can be
defined as the duration from a network topology change (such as the loss of a link) occurring until each
device on the network is aware of the change. Well-designed networks are characterized by consistently
low convergence times.

1.7.3 Scalability
 a scalable network is capable of adequately supporting growth without having to be radically re-
designed.
 Growth in terms of the number of users, the number of network nodes or sites must be catered
for along with the possible addition of new applications and the increased bandwidth
consumption that they will entail.
To over view the network table let divide them between switch of different VLAN. This project contains
four switch and router with different VLAN among switch and they have different switch.
Let see for switch1 by table:-

number Fast Ethernet IP address MAC address

1 Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.10.1/24 255.255.255.0
2 Fast Ethernet 0/1 192.168.10.1/24 255.255.255.0
3 Fast Ethernet 0/2 192.168.10.3/24 255.255.255.0

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4 Fast Ethernet 0/3 192.168.10.4/24 255.255.255.0

5 Fast Ethernet 0/4 192.168.10.5/24 255.255.255.0
6 Fast Ethernet 0/5 192.168.10.7/24 255.255.255.0
7 Fast Ethernet 0/6 192.168.10.8/24 255.255.255.0
8 Fast Ethernet 0/7 192.168.10.9/24 255.255.255.0
9 Fast Ethernet 0/8 192.168.10.10/24 255.255.255.0
10 Fast Ethernet 0/9 192.168.10.11/24 255.255.255.0
11 Fast Ethernet 0/10 192.168.10.12/24 255.255.255.0
12 Fast Ethernet 0/11 192.168.10.13/24 255.255.255.0
13 Fast Ethernet 0/12 192.168.10.14/24 255.255.255.0
14 Fast Ethernet 0/13 192.168.10.15/24 255.255.255.0
15 Fast Ethernet 0/14 192.168.10.16/24 255.255.255.0
16 Fast Ethernet 0/15 192.168.10.17/24 255.255.255.0
17 Fast Ethernet 0/16 192.168.10.18/24 255.255.255.0

The table of switch 2 and 3 and 4 are also similar but the difference is that only by VLAN. That is VLAN
20, VLAN 30 and VLAN 40 respectively.

1.8 Network topology diagram

Network topology is topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It is
an application of graph theory wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the connection
between devices are modeled as links or line between nodes. Physical topology is the placements of the
various components of a network e.g. device location and cable installation, while logical topology
illustrate how data flows within a network. Distance between nodes, transmission rates, or signal types
may differ between two different networks, yet their topology may be identical. A networks physical
topology is a particular concern of the physical layer of OSI model.

The topology we use for this project that is hospital network design is mesh topology. The reason behind
this topology is to overcome the breakdown of cable and to access from one user to another in different
ways.

Figure 1.3

1.9 Network testing and verification

Test and verification is needed for the configuration of network in hospital. Test is needed to know the
output of command wrote during configuration.
 It used to check the ping system between different users in different VLAN of user.
 Accessing the web server from different user with different VLAN of user.
 Verify the configuration is correct or not form one to another.

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