Project Report

ON

WAN DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Bachelor of Technology in

Computer Science & Engineering course of Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar

Computer Science Department

SUBMITTED TO – SUBMITTED BY-

Prof.

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 PROJECT SUMMARY

An MNC company has been setup in India with its headquaters at UAE. It has started
through its main offices at Delhi and Mumbai. Mumbai office is futher connected to
offices at Banglore and Chandigarh. Delhi office to Jalandhar and Ludhiana main office
at UAE is connected to Mumbai office through SERIAL connection which support static
routing and is also connected to Delhi office through leased line which supports
dynamic routing .Both offices at Delhi and Mumbai have routers acting as child routers
so that the user cannot connect directly to main office at UAE for further security
reasons. Delhi office is further connected to Chandigarh and Ludhiana through frame
relay connection .Mumbai branch is also connected to Banglore and Chennai branches
by frame relay connection. These branches are to switches which are further
connected to users via Ethernet port and users are accessing to various facilities
provided to them ACL(Access control list)is also configured to switches for further
security.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CH-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 IMPORTANCE
1.3 OBJECTIVE

CH-2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING NETWORK

2.2 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION OF EXISTING NETWORK

CH-3 SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 LAYOUT OF PROPOSED NETWORK

3.2 DESIGN PARAMETERS

CH-4 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE PROJECT

4.2 PROJECT CONFIGURATION

CH-5 SYSTEM TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING

5.1 PING AND TRACEROUTE

CH-6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CHAPTER – 1

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 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.2 IMPORTANCE

1.3 OBJECTIVE

1.1 BACKGROUND.

An MNC company has been set up in India with its head quarters at UAE. It has started
through its main offices at Delhi and Mumbai. Mumbai office is further connected to
offices at Bangalore and Chandigarh. Delhi office to Jalandhar and Ludhiana main office
at U.A.E is connected to Mumbai office through SERIAL connection which supports
static routing and is also connected to Delhi office through leased lines which supports
dynamic routing. Both offices at Delhi and Mumbai have routers acting as child routers
so that the user can not connect directly to main office at U.A.E for security reasons.
Delhi office is further connected to Chandigarh and Ludhiana through frame relay
connection. Mumbai branch is also connected to Bangaluru and Chandigarh branches
by frame relay connections. These branches to switches which are further connected
to users via ETHERNET port and users are accessing to various facilities provided to
them. ACL (access control list) is also configured to switches for further security.

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT.

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Wide Area Networks are spread over a (very) wide area so that companies and
institutes that are located far from each other are directly connected via the network.
Wide Area Networks have – mostly on more than one location – external connections
with other big networks. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and multinationals with
many offices frequently own a WAN themselves. Regional education networks and
company networks between several establishments are also examples of Wide Area
Networks. Two great advantages of WAN are allowing secure and fast data
transmission between the different nodes in the network. The data transmission is also
reliable and inexpensive. The characteristics of the transmission facilities lead to an
emphasis on efficiency of communications techniques in the design of WANs.
Controlling the volume of traffic and avoiding excessive delays is important. Since the
topologies of WANs are likely to be more complex than those of LANs, routing
algorithms also receive more emphasis. Many WANs also implement sophisticated
monitoring procedures to account for which users consume the network resources.
This is, in some cases, used to generate billing information to charge individual users.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT.

Objective of the project is to connect various offices of the MNC Company by using
LAN and WAN technologies.

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 CHAPTER – 2

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING NETWORK

2.2 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION OF EXISTING NETWORK

2.1 Analysis of Existing Network

The existing network consists of hubs and there are dial up connections in between
various offices of the MNC Company because of which both LAN and WAN links are
very slow and users regularly face problem in transmitting their data over the links.
Most of the time there is network conjestion in the network because of which the work
is suffering and users are not able to perform up expectation.

2.2 Requirement Specification of proposed Network.

In the proposed design, hubs will be replaced with switches so as to improve the LAN
connectivity. Switches would be operating at 100 Mbps as compared to hubs which
operate at 10 Mbps. Moreover switches are manageable so VLANS can be created on
them so as to decrease broadcast traffic and to enhance security as well. As far as WAN
is concerned all the dial up links would be replaced with ISDN, Frame-Relay and Leased
Line connection so as to improve WAN connectivity and users don’t face network
congestion during working hours.

CHAPTER – 3

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 SYSTEM DESIGN

3.1 LAYOUT OF PROPOSED NETWORK

3.2 DESIGN PARAMETERS

3.1 LAYOUT OF PROPOSED NETWORK

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3.2 Design Parameters

The various devices that are being used in designing the network of the MNC

Company as follows:

ROUTER
A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected
to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP's network.
Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect, and
are the critical device that keeps data flowing between networks and keeps the
networks connected to the internet.

When data is sent between locations on one network or from one network to a second
network the data is always seen and directed to the correct location by the router. The
router accomplishes this by using headers and forwarding tables to determine the best
path for forwarding the data packets, and they also use protocols such as ICMP to
communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

SWITCH
A switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting
the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of
switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of
electric contacts. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either 'closed'
meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or 'open',
meaning the contacts are separated and non conducting.

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A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such
as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light
switch. Automatically-operated switches can be used to control the motions of
machines, for example, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position
or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another work piece. Switches may be
operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and
force, acting as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. For
example, a thermostat is an automatically-operated switch used to control a heating
process. A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. Large
switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism.

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 CHAPTER-4

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGIES USED IN PROJECT

The various WAN technologies that are being used in the design of
MNC’ network as as follows:
FRAME-RELAY

Frame Relay is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates at the physical and data
link layers of the OSI reference model. Frame Relay originally was designed for use
across Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) interfaces. Today, it is used over a
variety of other network interfaces as well. This chapter focuses on Frame Relay's
specifications and applications in the context of WAN services.

Frame Relay is an example of a packet-switched technology. Packet-switched networks

enable end stations to dynamically share the network medium and the available
bandwidth. The following two techniques are used in packet-switching technology:

• Variable-length packets

• Statistical multiplexing

Variable-length packets are used for more efficient and flexible data transfers. These
packets are switched between the various segments in the network until the destination
is reached.

Statistical multiplexing techniques control network access in a packet-switched

network. The advantage of this technique is that it accommodates more flexibility and
more efficient use of bandwidth. Most of today's popular LANs, such as Ethernet and
Token Ring, are packet-switched networks.

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Frame Relay often is described as a streamlined version of X.25, offering fewer of the
robust capabilities, such as windowing and retransmission of last data that are offered in
X.25. This is because Frame Relay typically operates over WAN facilities that offer
more reliable connection services and a higher degree of reliability than the facilities
available during the late 1970s and early 1980s that served as the common platforms for
X.25 WANs. As mentioned earlier, Frame Relay is strictly a Layer 2 protocol suite,
whereas X.25 provides services at Layer 3 (the network layer) as well. This enables
Frame Relay to offer higher performance and greater transmission efficiency than X.25,
and makes Frame Relay suitable for current WAN applications, such as LAN
interconnection.

Frame Relay Devices

Devices attached to a Frame Relay WAN fall into the following two general categories:

• Data terminal equipment (DTE)

• Data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE)

DTEs generally are considered to be terminating equipment for a specific network and
typically are located on the premises of a customer. In fact, they may be owned by the
customer. Examples of DTE devices are terminals, personal computers, routers, and
bridges.

DCEs are carrier-owned internetworking devices. The purpose of DCE equipment is to

provide clocking and switching services in a network, which are the devices that
actually transmit data through the WAN. In most cases, these are packet switches.
Figure 10-1 shows the relationship between the two categories of devices.

DCEs Generally Reside Within Carrier-Operated WANs

The connection between a DTE device and a DCE device consists of both a physical
layer component and a link layer component. The physical component defines the
mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural specifications for the connection
between the devices. One of the most commonly used physical layer interface
specifications is the recommended standard (RS)-232 specification. The link layer
component defines the protocol that establishes the connection between the DTE device,
such as a router, and the DCE device, such as a switch. This chapter examines a
commonly utilized protocol specification used in WAN networking: the Frame Relay
protocol.

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Frame Relay Network Implementation

A common private Frame Relay network implementation is to equip a T1 multiplexer

with both Frame Relay and non-Frame Relay interfaces. Frame Relay traffic is
forwarded out the Frame Relay interface and onto the data network. Non-Frame Relay
traffic is forwarded to the appropriate application or service, such as a private branch
exchange (PBX) for telephone service or to a video-teleconferencing application.

A typical Frame Relay network consists of a number of DTE devices, such as routers,
connected to remote ports on multiplexer equipment via traditional point-to-point
services such as T1, fractional T1, or 56-Kb circuits. An example of a simple Frame
Relay network is shown in Figure 10-3.

A Simple Frame Relay Network Connects Various Devices to Different Services over a
WAN

The majority of Frame Relay networks deployed today are provisioned by service
providers that intend to offer transmission services to customers. This is often referred
to as a public Frame Relay service. Frame Relay is implemented in both public carrier-
provided networks and in private enterprise networks. The following section examines
the two methodologies for deploying Frame Relay.

SIMULATOR

A network simulator is a piece of software or hardware that predicts the behavior of a

network, without an actual network being present.

Network simulators serve a variety of needs. Compared to the cost and time involved in
setting up an entire test bed containing multiple networked computers, routers and data
links, network simulators are relatively fast and inexpensive. They allow engineers to
test scenarios that might be particularly difficult or expensive to emulate using real
hardware- for instance, simulating the effects of a sudden burst in traffic or a DoS attack
on a network service. Networking simulators are particularly useful in allowing
designers to test new networking protocols or changes to existing protocols in a
controlled and reproducible environment.

Network simulators, as the name suggests are used by researchers, developers and QA
to design various kinds of networks, simulate and then analyze the effect of various

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parameters on the network performance .A typical network simulator encompasses a
wide range of networking technologies and help the users to build complex networks
from basic building blocks like variety of nodes and links. With the help of simulators
one can design hierarchical networks using various types of nodes like computers, hubs,
bridges, routers, optical cross-connects, multicast routers, mobile units, MSAUs etc.

The simulator that we have used to create a simulation of the network design of the
MNC Company is CISCO PACKET TRACER.

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4.2 PROJECT CONFIGURATION

ROUTER 0 CONFIGURATION

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ROUTER 1 CONFIGURATION

ROUTER 2 CONFIGURATION

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 CLOUD CONFIGURATION

SERIAL 0

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SERIAL 1

SERIAL 2

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FRAME RELAY

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 CHAPTER-5

SYSTEM TESTING AND TROUBLESHOOTING

5.1 PING AND TRACEROUTE

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 CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

It was a great learning experience while working on the project as we experienced the
real taste of networking. The MNC company’s network performance was not up to the
mark because of the slow WAN links and hub connectivity in the LANs. The MNC
company wanted to actually feel the improvement in network performance by replacing
the existing WAN technologies and networking hardware devices. They wanted a
simulation of the actual network before they decide to actually upgrade their hardware
infrastructure.

We prepared a network design according to their specifications and implement the

new WAN technologies. We replaced the WAN links with more faster and efficient
WAN technologies. When we started the project for the MNC company, we had
decided to implement Leased Line technology on all the WAN links but because of
financial constraint and limited budget for the project, we were not able to do so
however we did implement Leased Line technology on the WAN link between UAE
office and Delhi office. On another WAN link between UAE office and Mumbai office
we implemented ISDN. All of the other locations were connected through Frame Relay.

What we feel is that there is still scope for betterment and network performance could
be improved further by implementing leased lines on all WAN links.

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REFERENCE:
WWW.CISCOPRESS.COM

CCNA BOOK

CISCO DESIGNING SECURITY

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