JSPM’S

JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT POLYTECHNIC, HADAPSAR,

PUNE

Class : TYCO1

Subject : Capstone Project-Execution & Report Writing(22060)

Project Group No : 22CO106

Roll No & Name of Student : 13. Shambhuraje Sayajirao Kadam

28. Shubham Sakharam Mane
32. Priyanka Popat Kumavat
54. Bhumika Sachin Alhat

Project Title : CAR PARKING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO & IR SENSOR
 INDEX

1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. PROJECT INFORMATION
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
5. LITERATURE SURVEY
6. HARDWARE
8. APPLICATION
9. FEATURES
10. ADVANTAGES
11. APPLICATION
12. FEATURES
13. FUTURE SCOPE
14. REFERENCE
15. CONCLUSION
 ABSTRACT
The world's population is growing, and cities are becoming more crowded, resulting in an increase in the
number of automobiles on the road. The management of car parking is one of the primary difficulties in cities.
In the past, studies on how to structure parking systems were done. Smart parking systems, on the other
hand, are still in demand and are attracting researchers' interest as a potential upgrade to meet modern
needs and requirements. It is critical to monitor and manage vehicle access in government and private sector
parking lots in order to improve the world's security system. As a result, the goal of this study is to create and
construct a smart parking system employing mobile application technology. The created system can control
allowed vehicle admission into parking areas while blocking unauthorised vehicles. Currently, smart parking or
parking guidance systems just receive available parking spot information from deployed sensor networks and
then simply distribute it to drivers. We'll utilise an Arduino UNO, a servo motor, IR sensors, and an LCD display
in this project. IR sensors detect vehicles entering and exiting parking lots and transmit a signal to Arduino; an
LCD shows the number of parking spaces available. We can know whether parking spots are available or not
even before entering the parking area with the use of such a solution, and we can save gasoline, time, and
pollution by using this strategy.
 INTRODUCTION

In the project Car Parking System we have shown the concept of an automatic Car
Parking System . As in the modern world everything is going automatic we have built
a system which will automatically sense the entry and exit of cars through the gate
and then display the number of cars in the parking lot . Even we can set a maximum
capacity of cars with the help of user interface given in the hardware in the form of
switches so that there is no congestion . We have deployed a microcontroller which is
used to sense the movement of cars and depending upon whether there is a capacity of
cars to enter , it either free space is there or not . It is also possible to free space when
any car enters in the parking lot or close the door when a car exist from the parking
lot . The sensing of entry and exist of cars is done with the help of Infrared transmitter
is mounted on one side and the receiver is placed directly in front of the transmitter
across the door . When a car arrives the Infrared beam is blocked by the car and the
receiver is devoid of Infrared rays and its output changes . This change in output is
sensed by the microcontroller and accordingly it increments the count and opens the
door if there is some capacity . The procedure for the exit of the door if there is
similar as the entry.
 PROJECT INFORMATION
In the project Car Parking System we have shown the concept of an automatic Car Parking System . As in the
modern world everything is going automatic we have built a system which will automatically sense the entry and
exit of cars through the gate and then display the number of cars in the parking lot . Even we can set a maximum
capacity of cars with the help of user interface given in the hardware in the form of switches so that
there is no congestion . We have deployed a microcontroller which is used to sense the movement of cars and
depending upon whether there is a capacity of cars to enter , it either free space is there or not . It is also possible
to free space when any car enters in the parking lot or close the door when a car exist from the parking lot . The
sensing of entry and exist of cars is done with the help of Infrared transmitter is mounted on one side and the
receiver is placed directly in front of the transmitter across the door . When a car arrives the Infrared beam is
blocked by the car and the receiver is devoid of Infrared rays and its output changes This change in output is
sensed by the microcontroller and accordingly it increments the count and opens the door if there is some
capacity . The procedure for the exit of the door if there is similar as the entry.
 1) Entry Part

The Entry Part of the project consists of Arduino Mega microcontroller to which a servo motor, IR sensor, LCD
and ultrasonic sensor are interfaced. The servo motor acts as a gate at the entrance and it opens and closes when
the IR sensor detects presence of car. The LCD displays the parkingslots which are empty for the car drivers. The
ultrasonic sensors detect the presence and absence of car in each parking slot .

2) Exit Part

The Exit Part of the project consists of Arduino Uno to which a servo motor, IR sensor and the object counter are
interfaced. The servo motor acts as a gate at the entrance and it opens and closes when the IR sensor detects
presence of car. The object counter circuit is designed using IC 555 and IC 4026 to count the number of cars
exiting the parking space. This will help the operator to calculate the amount collected .
Block Diagram &Explanation

The Block Diagram of our system consists of a IR Sensor, Arduino kit,

Servo Motor SG 90, 16*2 LCD Display, Resistors 100R , 1k 4.7k .
First Block : Battery is connected to the arduino uno , battry is
mainly use for turn on all devices .
Second Block : LCD is connected to arduino uno and battery it is mainly
responsible for display space for car parking .
Third Block : Arduino uno this block is consider as a brain of this project
this will controlling and coordinating with other block .

Fourth Block : IR sensor we used this unit to measure cars / counting cars
and transmit instruction to servo motor

Fifth Block : This block is connected to IR sensor when IR sensor when IR

sensor gives instruction this servo motor receive that instruction and works
on is servo motor is basically use to open and close the gate , servo motor
is turns 180 degree

Sixth Block : IR sensor second block is used to count number

of cars and is parking full it transmit signals to arduino uno and
LCD display the parking is full.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Many advances have been proposed to find out the parking space. In 2012, Zhou (18) searches for detection of
parking space using laser line scanners. In this supervised learning technique is used to identify vehicle
bumpers from laser range scans that the topological graph is created and then the parking space is identified.
Franke in 2002 (14) proposed a 3D data based car parking place detection system. In this iterative closet
algorithm is used. By using this algorithm the vehicle pose and the number of vehicle parked in that parking
area will be easily analyzed Vehicle parking place is one of the major problem in day to day life and it is
indirectly leads to the traffic congestion. This paper presents the IOT based parking place detection using the
mobile app. The user can able to check the nearest parking place availability and reserve the parking slot using
mobile application. The mobile application will act as an interface between the end user and the system.
Infrared sensor is placed at the parking slot along with the arduino. Infrared sensor is used to detect whether the
slot is occupied or empty and it is updated to the cloud using the GSM. Arduino is used to track the number of
vehicles parked in the parking area.
 HARDWARE

• Arduino Uno

• IR Sensor

• Servo Motor SG-90

• 16*2 LCD display

• Resistors - 100R ,1k ,4.7

• Battery 9v
 Arduino Uno
The Arduino Unois an open-source microcontroller boardbased on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller
and developed by Arduino.cc.The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output(I/O) pins that
may beinter faced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14digitalI /Opins
(sixcapableofPWMoutput), 6analogI/Opins , and is programmable with the ArduinoIDE
(IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment), viaa type BUSB cable.Itcan be powered the USB cable or by a next
ernal9-volt battery,though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts .It is similar to the Arduino Nano and
Leonardo. The hardware reference designis distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-A like 2.5l
icense and is available on the Arduino website .
Layout and product ion files for some version soft hehardareareal so available.
 IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor )
IR technology is used in daily life and also in industries for different purposes. For example, TV susean IR
sensort o understand the signal swhich are transmitted from are mote control. Them a in benefits of IR sensors
are low power usage, their simple design & their convenient features. IR signal sare not noticeable by the human
eye. The IR radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum can be found in there gion soft he visible & microwave.
Usually, the wavelength softhesewaves range from 0.7 µm 5to1000µm. The IR spectrum can be divided into
three regions like near -infrared, mid, and far-infrared. The near IR region’ s wavelength ranges from 0.75–3µm,
the midinfrared region’ wave length ranges from 3to6µm & the far IR region’ s infrared radiation’s wave length is
higher than 6µm.
 16*2 LCD Display

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and the reare 2 such lines. ,In this LCD each
character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix., Black text on green background, Connection port is 0.1"
pitch, single row for easy breadboarding and wiring, Pins are documented on the back of the LCD to
assist in wiring it up, Single LED back light included can be dimmed easily with a resistor or PWM and
uses much less power than LCD with EL(electroluminescent) backlights. ,Can be fully controlled with
only 6digital lines!, Built in character set supports most English/ European/ Japanese text, see the
HD44780 data sheet forthe full character set, Upto 8 extra characters can be created forcus to
mglyphsor' foreign 'language support. Lcd display module consists of a yellow blacklight with wide
viewing angleandh as a high contrast. The LCD consist so fabuilt-in industry standard HD44780
equivalent LCD controller. Commonly use din: Copiers, Fax machines, Laser printers, Industrial test
equipment, Networking equipment such as routers and storage devices.4780 character lcd 1pcsiic/i2c
serial interface adapter module .
 Servo Motor SG 90
After selecting the right Servo motor forthe project, comes the
question how to use it. As we know the reare three wires coming
out of this motor. The description of the same is given onto pof
this page. To make this motor rotate, we have to power the motor
with +5V using the Red and Brown wire and send PWM signals to the Orange
colour wire. Hence we need something that could generate PWM signals to
make this motor work, this something could beany thing like a 555 Timer or
other Microcontroller platforms like Arduino, PIC, ARM or even a microprocess
or like RaspberryPie. Now, how to control the direction of the motor?
Tounder stand that let us a look at the picture given in the data
sheet
100rResistor
1kResistor
9V Battery
 ADVANTAGES

• Smart Car Parking system is easier, efficient and less time consuming as it uses an
Android app to book the nearest parking slot and also helps in tracking the number of
cars entered in the parking area and the amount of payment collected which reduces
human efforts.

• The system provides high performance in tracking the car entering and exiting from the
parking area and also its presence in a parking slot.

• With its technologically advanced security features, parking management systems can
give you upgraded security,safety and privacy.

• Parking management systems prevent unauthorised access to your parking lots, as a

result, car owners will have increased confidence that their cars are well protected.
 Application

By virtue of their relatively smaller volume and mechanized parking systems, APS are
often used in locations where a multistory parking garage would be too large, too costly
or impractical.
Examples of such applications include, under or inside existing or new structures,
between existing structures and in irregularly shaped areas.
In our system user can view the real view of parking slot of nay register buildings, mall,
hospitals, colleges and may more public parking areas. Due to this user has a choice that
in what transport system he should use to visit that place.
 Features
The smart parking industry continues to evolve as an increasing number of cities struggle with traffic congestion
and inadequate parking availability. While the deployment of sensor technologies
continues to be core to the development of smart parking, a wide variety of other technology innovations are
also enabling more adaptable systems—including wireless communications, data analytics, induction loops,
smart parking meters, and advanced algorithms.
 FUTURE SCOPE

• We can use wireless communication to enhance the usage of the system and can book a place from
home.

• We will attempt to decrease the mechanical structure and attempt to make it eco-friendly.
 REFERANCE
1. N.M Noor Z Razak and Mohd Yamani "Car Parking System: A Review of Smart Parking System and its Technology"
Information Technology Journal 2009.

2. Mohammed ahamed and w angguangwei "STUDY ON AUTOMATED CAR PARKING SYSTEM BASED ON
MICROCONTROLLER" International journal of engineering research and technology vol. 3 no. 1 January 2014.

3. Wuhongwang "METROPOLIS PARKING PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT PLANNING SOLUTIONS FOR

TRAFFIC OPERATION EFFECTIVENESS" hindawi research paper vol. 2012.

4. Ma. Janice J. Gumasing and Charles Aaron V. Atienza "Parking System for Shopping Centers in Metro Manila" IEEE
journals.

5. Dharmini Kanteti D V S Srikar and T K Ramesh "Intelligent Parking System" IEEE journals.

6. Sungheetha Akey and Rajesh Sharma "Cost Effective Energy-Saving System in Parking Spots" Journal of Electronics 2
no. 01 pp. 18-29 2020.
 Conclusion
The growth of Internet of Things have given rise to New possibilities in terms of smart cities. Smart parking facilities and
traffic management systems have always been at the core of constructing smart cities. In this paper, we address the issue of
parking and present an IoT based web application smart parking system. The system that we propose provides real time
information regarding availability of parking slots in a parking area. Users from any locations could book a parking slot for
them by the use of our web application. The efforts made in this paper are indented to improve the parking facilities of a city
and thereby aiming to enhance the quality of life of its people. In our system user can view the real view of parking slot of
nay register buildings, mall, hospitals, colleges and may more public parking areas. Due to this user has a choice that in what
transport system he should use to visit that place.