Lecture 4 - The Evolution of Design - Artistic Movements, Schools, Stages

4/2/2018
DESIGN AND AESTHETICS

Lecture 4 – The evolution of design - artistic movements,
schools, stages
Causes for the appearance of design:
Premises for  of a general economic nature

craft development: furniture, household items,
the appearance clothing, etc.
of design  specific to the industrial production

multiplying a product using industrial robots => a
perfect project + high precision in execution
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Factors that contributed to the extraordinary

diversification of products range (in the last century
and a half):
 production cost for essentials items diminished
Diversification  the comfort of people was improved through
of products inventions and innovations with immediate
applicability
range  new raw materials
 social and cultural causes: useful and beautiful
items = more comfort and joy to people's lives
Shakers (1750 – 1860)

The evolution
-simple living, architecture and
of design - furniture
artistic - pacifism and gender equality
movements, Undecorated products
schools, stages showing however harmony
between function and form
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Shaker furniture: simplicity, utility and honesty =>

Minimalist design => fast and easy to produce
1. Shakers
Shaker furniture: functional form and proportion;

ornamentation = seen as prideful or deceitful =>
asymmetrical drawer arrangements and multipurpose forms
1. Shakers
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1. Shakers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9kFAwWj1mM
Schools and artistic movements that have

influenced and determined design
The "Arts and Crafts"
movement (England, 1860 – 1900)
2. Arts and
Important for three reasons:
Crafts
 the 1893 exhibition was the first
manifestation of modern style
 form of revival of Decorative Arts
 appearance of advertising graphics
William Morris (1834- 1896)
(the poster) Morris & Co. (1861 - 1940)
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Morris reintroduced the medieval-inspired aesthetic and respect for hand-

craftsmanship => higher price products with a real success on the market
2. Arts and
Crafts
Morris traditional textile arts had also a profound influence on the

decoration of churches and houses into the early 20th century
2. Arts and
Crafts
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2. Arts and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBq73yxha0o

Crafts
Art Nouveau
(end of 19th c. -
beginning of 20th c.)
germ. Jugendstil
3. Art Nouveau eng. Modern Style
Architects tried to
harmonize with the
natural environment
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Louis Confort TIFFANY – Tiffany lamp (stained glass)
3. Art Nouveau
Louis Confort TIFFANY – 1882 White House entrance hall
3. Art Nouveau
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Émile GALLÉ – used as decorative elements forms from

nature (flowers and plants)
- original style featuring heavy, opaque glass
3. Art Nouveau
Alfons MUCHA
- mostly painting theatrical scenery

- use abstraction in the service of
pure design
3. Art Nouveau
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Alfons MUCHA
3. Art Nouveau
3. Art Nouveau https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4luPnObQYo
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Art Deco (1925, starts in

France)
4. Art Deco is characterized by rich colours,

bold geometric shapes and
many ornaments
Art Deco - one of its major attributes is the embrace of technology
4. Art Deco
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René LALIQUE – glass designer, he brought glass into the

home of everyday people where it had never been before
using industrial techniques to mass produce his useful art
glass objects
4. Art Deco
Art Deco - represented luxury, glamour, exuberance and faith

in social and technological progress
4. Art Deco
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4. Art Deco https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amVvYPU4Gw8
Art Nouveau | Art Deco
Art Nouveau
vs
Art Deco
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Bauhaus
School (Germany,
1919 – 1934)
5. Bauhaus - combined crafts

School and the fine arts,
becoming the most
influential current
in modern design
! established the
new field of
industrial design
Wassily chair – by Marcel Breuer
- revolutionary
methods of
5. Bauhaus manufacturing
School and new use of
materials (bent
tubular steel
and canvas)
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Barcelona chair – by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
5. Bauhaus
School
- extreme clarity and simplicity

- new use of materials (stainless steel and bovine leather)
5. Bauhaus http://youtu.be/ZQa0BajKB4Q
School
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Stages in the development of design
applied stylistic balanced

Design
development
consume
stages modern
rist
These stages in the development of design are not as well established in

a specific period or time or geographic location as the artistic
movements or schools presented earlier
This is the period when it is considered that a functional

mass made product can attract the buyer’s attention if
some of its accessories (or in its entirety) have various or
1. The applied complex decorative elements applied on visible parts.
stage Examples of products: furniture, wall clocks, doorknobs
etc. (usually because of such extra decorations these
products became more expensive)
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during the 1900s

industrial production should not focus on using complex
2. The modern decorative compositions (some decorations may be
stage used but they are rather discreet)
the name of this stage comes from “modern style” an
idiom used in England
after 1930
 characterized by a tendency to understand the beauty
of a useful object only through its simple visual
composition.
3. The styling decorative elements are not used, the shape of the
stage products is the one that matters and makes the product
beautiful
products undergo transformations: they are elongated
or, on the contrary, compacted, their usual size is
increased, either in part or in their entirety
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after 1950 (up until 1980)

rapid technical progress makes for a shorter road to
obsolescence of products
4. The
materials used are no longer the best and most durable
consumerist (and not the most expensive, either)
stage manual labor is replaced by machines
people are more prone to replace their belongings with
newer modern items
Disturbances specific to the end of the 20th century

directly affect the consumer goods industry, causing a
total reconsideration of what is a functional object.
5. The Goal: obtaining products with a "life" as long as
balanced stage possible (according to their purpose) with very low costs
for manufacturing and maintenance or operation.
This promotes creativity and fast thinking and acting
in the world of designers and manufacturers
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Design is where
science and art
break even.
- Robin Mathew
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4/2/2018

DESIGN AND AESTHETICS

Causes for the appearance of design:

Premises for  of a general economic nature

of design  specific to the industrial production

Factors that contributed to the extraordinary

Shakers (1750 – 1860)

Shaker furniture: simplicity, utility and honesty =>

Shaker furniture: functional form and proportion;

Schools and artistic movements that have

Morris reintroduced the medieval-inspired aesthetic and respect for hand-

Morris traditional textile arts had also a profound influence on the

2. Arts and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBq73yxha0o

Louis Confort TIFFANY – Tiffany lamp (stained glass)

Louis Confort TIFFANY – 1882 White House entrance hall

Émile GALLÉ – used as decorative elements forms from

- mostly painting theatrical scenery

3. Art Nouveau https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4luPnObQYo

Art Deco (1925, starts in

4. Art Deco is characterized by rich colours,

Art Deco - one of its major attributes is the embrace of technology

René LALIQUE – glass designer, he brought glass into the

Art Deco - represented luxury, glamour, exuberance and faith

4. Art Deco https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amVvYPU4Gw8

Art Nouveau | Art Deco

5. Bauhaus - combined crafts

Wassily chair – by Marcel Breuer

Barcelona chair – by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

- extreme clarity and simplicity

Stages in the development of design

applied stylistic balanced

These stages in the development of design are not as well established in

This is the period when it is considered that a functional

during the 1900s

after 1950 (up until 1980)

Disturbances specific to the end of the 20th century

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