CONFIDENTIAL EH/OCT 2020/CHE332

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

LABORATORY

COURSE : INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE : CHE332
ASSESSMENT : EXPERIMENT 2

Course Outcomes:

 Respond to the experimental outcome of environmental experiments.

Item Marks
Introduction &
/10
objective
Materials,
procedure & safety /30
precaution
Data, results &
/20
discussion
Organization &
/10
appearance
Question & answer
/20
(Post-experiment)
Peer evaluation /10
GRAND TOTAL
/100
(CO3,LO2)
 FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
UiTM Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang
Jalan Purnama, Bandar Seri Alam
81750 Masai
Johor Darul Ta’zim
Tel : 607-3818000

TECHNICAL/EXECUTIVE REPORT : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Apparatus/
pH probe, pH meter and conductivity meter,
Exp No. : 2 Hach’s Digestion Vials, DRB 200 and DR
Instrument :
900.
Topic : WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES : THEORY Mark : 100
Date : 17/11/2020
Students Course : ENVIRONMENTAL
Semester : 3 Group: J4EH1103A (2)
ENGINEERING
No. Name Matrix No. Signature
1
2
3
4
Lecturer

Introduction :
Water quality identify the conditions of water such as chemical, physical and biological characteristics. It
also helps determine the intended use such as drinking, agriculture and industrial is suitable or not.
In situ water analysis is a method where it can measure parameters directly into the water sample. There
are some water quality parameters that can be determine by this method such as pH, temperature, conductivity,
dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a test that determine the amount of oxygen required to oxidize
organic material present in the water. It is used not only to determine amount of biologically active substances but
also biological inactive organic matter in water. The higher the value of COD indicates higher organic pollution in
the water sample. COD is recommended where the polluted water has toxicity and organic matter that cannot be
determined by biological oxygen demand (BOD) and useful in water effluent treatment plants.

Objective :
IN-SITU Water Analysis Experiment:
 To measure suitability of water body for a particular use based on temperature, pH and conductivity
Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):
 To determine the COD concentration for given water sample.
 To quantify the amount of organics in water.

Materials, IN-SITU Water Analysis Experiment:

Procedure
MATERIALS & APPARATUS
& Safety  100 ml of water sample (lake water, drain water and tap water)
Precautions  Deionized water
 pH probe
 pH meter and conductivity meter
 Beaker
 Measuring cylinder
PROCEDURE
pH analysis
1. Take 100 ml of lake water sample in triplicate.
2. Rinse pH probe with deionized water.
3. Transfer 100 ml of lake water sample from measuring cylinder into beaker.
4. Dip the probe into the water sample and take pH value reading using pH meter.
5. Record the pH value.
6. Repeat for tap water and drain water.
Temperature and Conductivity water analysis.
1. Take 100 ml of lake water sample in triplicate.
2. Rinse the conductivity probe by using deionized water.
3. Dip probe into the water sample and take the conductivity and temperature value from the
conductivity meter.
4. Record the conductivity and temperature values.
5. Repeat for tap water and drain water.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Make sure to use latex gloves and wear a lab coat.

Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD):

MATERIALS & APPARATUS

 Water sample (lake water, tap water, drain water)
 Hach’s COD Digestion Vials
 DRB 200
 DR 900
 Cell vial
 Cell holder
 Pipette
PROCEDURE
1. Remove COD Digestion Vial cap and hold it at 45 degrees angle.
2. Use clean pipette and add 2 ml of lake water sample into the vial.
3. Close the vial’s cap and wipe it using paper towel.
4. Repeat for tap water and drain water.
5. Hold the COD vial under the sink.
 6. Invert gently it for mixing process.
7. Preheat DRB 200 reactor at 150˚C.
8. Put the vial at the DRB 200 reactor and close the lid.
9. Heat the vial for 2 hours.
10. Setup the DR 900 at COD mode.
11. Clean and insert the vial into the cell holder.
12. Push 0 and the display will show the zero mg/L COD.
13. Put the prepared cell vial into the cell holder. Read and record the COD value.
14. Repeat the experiment using the other 2 samples.
15. Make graph with the different water sample.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Make sure to wear a lab coat, latex gloves and eye protection.

Data, pH Analysis for Different Types of Water Sample

Results &
Discussion Sample 1st Replicate 2nd Replicate 3rd Replicate Average
Lake Water 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.7
Tap Water 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.5
Drain Water 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2

1 st replicate +2 nd replicate +3 rd replicate

Average:
3

pH Analysis Graph
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1st Replicate 2nd Replicate 3rd Replicate

Lake Water Tap Water Drain Water

Based on the data obtained, Drain Water has the highest pH level with average of 7.2

Conductivity Analysis for Different Types of Water Sample

Sample 1st Replicate 2nd Replicate 3rd Replicate Average

Lake Water 741 742 742 741.7
Tap Water 47.1 46 45.9 46.3
Drain Water 87.7 86.7 86.6 87

1 st replicate +2 nd replicate +3 rd replicate

Average:
3
 Conductivity Analysis Graph
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1st Replicate 2nd Replicate 3rd Replicate

Lake Water Tap Water Drain Water

Based on the data obtained, Lake Water has the highest conductivity with average of
741.7

Temperature Analysis for Different Types of Water Sample

Sample 1st Replicate 2nd Replicate 3rd Replicate Average

Lake Water 27.2 27.8 27.8 27.6
Tap Water 28.6 28.2 27.8 28.2
Drain Water 28.2 28.3 28.3 28.3

1 st replicate +2 nd replicate +3 rd replicate

Average:
3

Temperature Analysis Graph

29

28.5

28

27.5

27

26.5
1st Replicate 2nd Replicate 3rd Replicate

Lake Water Tap Water Drain Water

Based on the data obtained, Drain Water has the highest temperature with average of 28.3

COD Concentration Analysis for Different Types of Water Sample

Sample COD Concentration(mg/L)

Lake Water 4
Tap Water 3
Drain Water 5
 COD Concentration Analysis
6

0
COD Concentration

Lake Water Tap Water Drain Water

Based on the data obtained, Drain Water has the highest COD concentration, which is 5

pH, conductivity and temperature of water can be determined by In-situ water analysis
Conclusion: experiment. Meanwhile, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) can be determined by COD
concentration analysis.
Based on experiment, drain water has higher pH value, temperature and COD
concentration than tap water and lake water. For the conductivity, lake water has higher
conductivity than lake water and drain water. According to World Health Organization, 6.5 - 8.5
are the pH value for most raw water lies and temperature will also affect when the pH is change.
Conductivity of the water should not exceed 400 based on WHO standards. Higher Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) can reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) which is it will harm aquatic life.
Therefore, tap water is the most suitable to be used than lake water and drain water. It is because
tap water has 6.5 pH value, low conductivity, suitable temperature and low COD concentration.

1. In Situ Water Quality Monitoring,

Reference:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/Insitu-Water-Quality-
Mon.pdf

2. Chemical Oxygen Demand, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-

sciences/chemical-oxygen-demand

3. pH in Drinking Water,
https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/ph.pdf

4. Drinking water quality assessment and its effects on residents health in Wondo genet
campus, Ethiopia, Springer Open,
https://environmentalsystemsresearch.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40068-016-
0053-6

5. IMPORTANCE OF COD FOR WASTEWATER, REAL TECH INC.,

https://realtechwater.com/parameters/chemical-oxygen-demand/#:~:text=Higher%20COD
%20levels%20mean%20a,to%20higher%20aquatic%20life%20forms.