Health Infrastructure and Economic Development in India

HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE AND
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT IN
INDIA
INTRODUCTION
Human health is important for economic growth and development. Importance of health for
socioeconomic development has gained recognition in recent time. There is a strong relation between
population, health and development. According to Banerjee, Duflo and Deaton (2004) better provision
of health care is the key to improve health condition and also economic growth and development in
poor countries like India. India’s health challenges are not only huge in magnitude due to its large
population but they are complex due to its diversity and the chronic poverty and inequality. There is
little information available regarding the quality of health care delivery in developing countries.
However, health care services are improving slowly with developing health infrastructure which is not
properly recorded. Health infrastructure in the most of the developing economy is poor and so society
need for the betterment of health service. Health care service providers could be either private or
government; otherwise, jointly they can serve for betterment of the society. However, only the
government can provide proportionately health infrastructure for whole population in poor country like
India. Creation and distribution of health infrastructure is the first priority in a developing economy that
it ensures good health.
IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA
India is at the point of an exciting and challenging period in its history.
India today enjoys as never before, a sophisticated arsenal of interventions, technologies and knowledge
required for providing health care to her people.
Yet the gaps in health outcomes continue to widen.
On the face of it, much of the ill health, disease, premature death, and suffering we observed on such a
large scale are needless, given the availability of effective and affordable interventions for prevention
and treatment.
Making healthcare affordable and accessible for all its citizens is one of the key focus areas of the
country today.
Health infrastructure is an important indicator to understand the health care delivery provisions and
signify the investment and priority accorded to creating the infrastructure in a region
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this study is to examine at the provincial characteristic of distribution of
health infrastructural facility in Indian States.
This study investigates the disparity in health across India in three different areas, namely
a) Institutional capacity building provision
b) Skilled or trained personals

c) Service providers.
How are components of these health infrastructures distributed across states of India? This
study examines state wise distribution of health infrastructure and availability of health
care services in India.
DATA SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY
The present study is exclusively based on secondary data. For the analysis of health infrastructural
distribution twenty-eight major states have been studied for interstate comparisons. Institutions are
built up for creation of medical trained personals. The state wise numbers of Medical Colleges and
MBBS Seats in India for the year 2015-2016 have been taken from Medical Council of India, AIIMS- All
India Institute of Medical Science and Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and
Research. The State wise data on Under Graduate Colleges and Post Graduate Colleges of AYUSH
Hospital are collected from State Governments & concerned agencies of Government of India. This study
broadly covers 25 state of India. The data for ANM and LHV Training School, (HFWTC) and Multipurpose
Health Worker (M) Training Centre has been collected from Training Division, Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare, Government of India. Similarly, the data for total number of Nursing Staff, Laboratory
Technicians and Pharmacists at Public Health Centre and Community Health Centre of different states in
India has been compiled from Rural Health Statistics 2014-15, Government of India. The statistics for
Rural and Urban Hospitals, Beds are collected from Directorate General of State Health Services. Again
the data of Licensed Blood Bank in India December was collected from Drug Controller General (I),
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Simple statistical tools are used in this study.
PRIMARY OBSERVATION
India has made a good progress in last few decades in health sector. Medical education infrastructures
in the country have shown rapid growth in last 10 years. There are currently 420 medical colleges in the
country that offer 56,838 MBBS seats between Government and private medical colleges. That makes
India is the largest producer of doctors in the World. In comparison, the United States only produce
18,000 doctors a year. According to the Medical Council of India (MCI), the total number of registered
doctors in the country is 936,488 and Auxiliary nurses’ midwives are 756,937 & registered nurses are
1,673,338 as on December, 2014.There are 153,655 Sub Centres in a country which is the most periph-
eral institution. There are 25,308 Public Health Centres and 5396 Community Health Centres in India
to provide integrated curative and preventive healthcare to the rural population.

INSTITUTIONS
Health infrastructures in terms of Government and private
Colleges, ANM and LHV Training School, Health & Family Welfare
Training Centre (HFWTC) and Multipurpose Health Worker (M)
Training Centre, doctors, nurses, etc. have a major direct and
positive contribution to health outcomes of any country.
INFRASTRUCTURE IS CREATED FOR
PROVIDING HEALTH SERVICES
There is large disparity in the healthcare infrastructure indicators across the Indian states when compared to the national
average. the comparison of different infrastructure indicators between India, with respect to its best performing state and
a poorly performing state. Performance of health care service depends on the distribution of unit level health institution
across India. Top five rank holding states are Mizoram, Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura and Sikkim; and
bottom five states are Bihar, Maharashtra, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. state wise AYUSH hospitals, Beds and
dispensaries available for each ten lakh population in India. AYUSH systems are based on definite medical philosophies and
represent a way of healthy living. The basic approach of all these systems on health, disease and treatment are
holistic. Yoga has now become the icon of global health and many countries have started integrating it in their health care
system. India has a rich heritage of medical wisdom derived from the Vedas that prevailed as Ayurveda. Under the
department of AYUSH there are 3207 hospitals with 59783 beds in 28 states of India. AYUSH system is a substitute of the
western medical system. the provision of health infrastructure for providing health care services in India. Blood bank is also
an important health infrastructure. the available Blood Bank across India. Maximum Blood Bank is available in Tamil Nadu
and minimum in Sikkim state, otherwise least Blood Bank is available in Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
CONCLUSION
The health infrastructure available in India and analyses the factors which are responsible for
main health outcomes like Life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate. LEB and IMR
certainly depend on available health facilities like hospitals, beds and health personals and also
on economic development. Life expectancy in India has increased and IMR declines over the
years, except few states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,Uttar Pradesh. The Government
should focus more on health infrastructure of these states. India has achieved a considerable
progress in providing health infrastructure and its access to health care services to the mass
population. In last two decades, in India, the health infrastructure has increased and improved in
manifolds. Basic Health Care is necessary for all and India has achieved it too some extend.
However, distribution of health infrastructure is not proper. Especially, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
are under developed compared to rest of India and they need more attention to improve
health infrastructure and distribution of health facilities. Economic development has strong
feedback to improve infrastructure, more specifically health facilities that certainly improves
human health capital, and later it helps to improve overall human capital

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HEALTH

Yet the gaps in health outcomes continue to widen.

b) Skilled or trained personals

to provide integrated curative and preventive healthcare to the rural population.

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