BECHTEL CORPORATION

ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

FOR

STANDARD CALCULATIONS

This document and the design it covers are the property of BECHTEL. They are
merely loaned on the borrower's express agreement that they will not be reproduced,
copied, loaned, exhibited, or used except in the limited way and private use
permitted and by any written consent given by the lender to the borrower.

0 NOV 94 ISSUED AS A CORPORATE STANDARD RCE MH/DR RHB

REV. DATE REASON FOR REVISION BY CHECK APPR
BECHTEL CORP ELECTRICAL DESIGN GUIDE REV
LORO ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE NO.
FOR
STANDARD CALCULATIONS 3DG E34E 001 0
Page 1 of 14

Engineering Design Guide 3DG E34E 001 Rev 0 Page 1 of 14

P:\WP_CENT\DGS\CORPDGS\3DGE3401.DOC
 CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE................................................................................................................3
2.0 FORMAT REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................3
2.1 Title Page.....................................................................................................3
2.2 Summary......................................................................................................3
2.3 Table of Contents.........................................................................................3
2.4 Conclusions/Findings...................................................................................3
2.5 Recommendations........................................................................................4
2.6 Assumptions.................................................................................................4
2.7 Calculation Body.........................................................................................4
2.8 References....................................................................................................4
2.9 Appendices...................................................................................................4
3.0 DESIGN PROCEDURES........................................................................................4
4.0 CALCULATIONS...................................................................................................5
4.1 Power System Studies..................................................................................5
4.2 Protection Co-ordination Study...................................................................9
4.3 Load Summary...........................................................................................10
4.4 Cable Selection/Sizing and Installation.....................................................10
4.5 Lighting Design.........................................................................................11
4.6 Earthing System Design.............................................................................12

APPENDICES

APP. A TYPICAL STANDARD CALCULATION :

Low Voltage Cable Sizing to Motors
APP. B Motor Cable Selection Chart
1.0 PURPOSE

This document provides a guide to the preparation and selection of standard calculations for use
in electrical systems of onshore and offshore petrochemical installations.

It is not the intention of this guide to provide an in-depth calculation of each subject, but to give
an understanding of the reason for and timing of conducting each calculation; together with the
methods (if applicable) of making the calculation.

2.0 FORMAT REQUIREMENTS

It is recommended that the full structure of each calculation performed should include the
following:-

2.1 Title Page

This should cover the administrative details and should include:

a) Title of Calculation
b) Date of Calculation
c) The Writer's Name
d) Unique Calculation Number (Usually determined by project procedures)
e) Reviewer's/checkers name(s)/signatures

2.2 Summary

This should include:-

a) Introduction to identify the calculation

b) Purpose of the calculation
c) Brief description of calculation to be performed.

2.3 Table of Contents

This should show clearly what is included in the calculation and where it can be found quickly.

2.4 Conclusions/Findings

This should cover the subject matter of the calculation and may be divided into sections and sub-
sections. Only a statement of what can be concluded from the main body of the calculation
should be given. Opinions should not be stated as conclusions.
2.5 Recommendations

This should state clearly and unambiguously what the writer thinks should be done.

2.6 Assumptions

This should show clearly what assumptions have been made to perform the calculation.

2.7 Calculation Body

This should include the calculations to be performed.

2.8 References

These should include details of books, articles etc., quoted from or referred to in the report. Each
reference should include the edition and date to which it is referred.

2.9 Appendices

Detailed information should be transferred from the body of calculation to an appendix, to

improve readability of the calculation whilst still leaving the information available to the reader.

Many short calculations (1-4 pages) will not need all of these sections included above. For these
it is usually sufficient to include only the following:-

a) Title Page
b) Purpose
c) Conclusions
d) Assumptions
e) Calculations
f) References/Appendices

3.0 DESIGN PROCEDURES

Calculations are performed for the overall electrical system design at two stages ie, during (i) the
conceptual design and (ii) detailed design.
At the inception of the project the conceptual design should include:

a) The selection of power sources

b) Selection/choice of system voltages
c) Gathering load data and process information
d) Preliminary system studies
e) Choice of most suitable system configuration and bus arrangements for the particular
application
f) Preliminary load flow and short circuit calculations
g) Preliminary system protection co-ordination
h) Equipment sizing/rating calculations

The detailed design should involve:

a) Performing definitive power system studies

b) calculations to confirm equipment sizing/rating
c) Calculation confirmation and setting of system protection
d) Calculation/designing of grounding and lightning protection systems
e) Calculating of lighting systems
f) Performing cable sizing calculations to motor drives and static loads

Computers are generally to be used to perform the majority of calculations, however, manual
calculations may still be used to make initial estimates/approximations and to check computer
solutions. The use of both manual and computer based techniques are discussed for each
calculation below.

4.0 CALCULATIONS

4.1 Power System Studies

The following software program is approved and recommended for analysis of electrical power
systems.

Electrical transient analysis program (ETAP). This is a selection of PC based programs to

analyse electrical system characteristics and includes loadflow, short circuit, motor starting,
dynamic stability, harmonics, cable ampacity derating (US codes only) and cable pulling
programs (US codes only).
4.1.1 Load Flow

Load flow studies model the electrical power system for both normal and abnormal operation
conditions. It determines the phase angle and magnitude of the voltage at each bus and the real
and reactive power flowing in each line.

The study should include the effect of motor additions, taking motor and transformers out of
service, tap changing on transformers, addition of power factor correction capacitors and or
synchronous condensers and adding or shifting generation in the system.

The load flow study should be conducted whenever:

a) Significant changes occur in configuration of plant

b) When simulation of a proposed plant design is necessary
c) Addition of large motors or cogeneration occurs
d) The effect of adding capacitors and predication of plant power factor.

The results should illustrate the effects on the overall system of any of these changes prior to
actually implementing the change.

4.1.2 Short Circuit Studies

The reason for short circuit studies is primarily to ensure that system components exposed to
high fault currents, prior to protective devices operating, are adequately sized. The short circuit
study should calculate fault levels throughout the system so that it can be confirmed that
components are able to withstand both electro-mechanical and thermal effects of the fault
currents prior to clearing.

The results of the short circuit study also provide information in order to co-ordinate protective
devices in the system.

There are several methods of conducting short circuit studies. Two of these are the following:

· Per unit method

· MVA method

The MVA method is generally the easiest to use; and allows for quick calculations to be
conducted for checks on computer or to provide a basis for calculations done by the per
unit method.

A computer study may not be necessary if sufficient margin exists between the maximum
fault current indicated by the MVA method and the equipment capabilities.
 The MVA method is limited in use due to the fact that it does not take into account
system resistance.

If more accurate calculations are required which include system resistance then the per
unit method should be used.

The per unit method is used in most computer programs to determine detailed solutions
to short circuit studies.

Short circuit studies should be conducted:

a) Before finalising the design of a new electrical system

b) When major electrical additions occur to an existing system
c) Prior to ordering electrical equipment for the system
d) Whenever large motors or a large number of small motors are added to the
electrical system.
e) When the system electrical source is modified.

4.1.3 Motor Starting Studies

A motor starting study should generally consist of two parts:-

· Voltage drop calculation

· Acceleration-time calculation

Preliminary studies should be conducted as early as possible in a project. If the

calculations are completed before motor details are available, typical torque vs speed and
starting current limitations on the motor are used. Final studies should be carried out
following receipt of actual equipment details.

A motor-starting study may not always be necessary. If for example a 50kW motor-
driven load is being added to a motor control centre that already has say a 100kW motor
of similar load, starting and running without problems, it is safe to assume that the
smaller motor will start more easily than the 100kW motor and that a study is not
necessary.

Motor-starting studies should be conducted when:

a) The transformer kVA is less than three times the motor kVA
b) Cable between transformer and motor reduces available short-circuit kVA
at the motor to less than eight times motor-starting kVA
 c) The ratio of bus short-circuit kVA to motor-starting kVA is eight or less
d) The driven load has high interia
e) Restrictions exist on utility line voltage drop

The above gives general guidelines only. Special conditions may exist such as starting a
motor under load where high starting torque is needed which would require a motor-
starting study even if none of the above criteria were met.

4.1.4 Transient-Stability Studies

Transient-stability studies are complex studies that involve a significant amount of data in
addition to that required for the other studies noted above. These include system data (as
used in the short-circuit study), rotating machine data (such as moments of inertia of the
rotors of the electrical and driven mechanical machines), load data (as used in the load-
flow study), and disturbance data.

Stability applies only to electrical systems with two or more synchronous machines tied
together electrically (e.g. a large synchronous motor powered by a large AC generator).

Stability will exist if all of the ac synchronous motors and generators are in synchronism
i.e. in step with each other. A system which is stable under normal steady state operating
conditions may not be stable when it undergoes a transient, such as switching operation, a
separation from the utility, a fault, or a relay action. If the system has transient stability,
the machines may oscillate with respect to each other momentarily, but will regain
synchronism within a very short period of time.

Transient-stability studies are a good way to simulate the response of the power system to
predicable transients, such as loss of generators, faults, or utility outages. A study should
be made when large synchronous machines are added to a power system.

Computerised transient-stability studies such as ETAP provide a fast, simple, and

inexpensive way to simulate transient performance of an electrical system.

The output of the computer programs can provide the following information:-

a) Rotor angles, torques and speeds of synchronous machines

b) Real and reactive power flow throughout the system
c) Voltage and phase angles at all buses
d) System frequency
e) Torques and slips of induction machines
System stability is determined by examining the plots of the rotor angles of synchronous
machines vs time (swing curves) produced by the computer. Studying these plots can
reveal if the swing curves come back into step after initial disturbance, or if they diverge,
indicating instability for the particular transient under consideration.

4.1.5 Harmonic Analysis Studies

Harmonics can cause problems in the plant electrical system. Some examples of problems
that can occur are:-

a) Communication interference (due to mutual coupling at harmonic

frequencies)
b) Computer problems
c) Excessive heating of equipment

Harmonic analyses evaluate the potential effects of harmonics (usually produced by solid
state power conversion equipment) on electrical systems. These studies are usually
carried out on a computer and allow solutions to problems to be simulated and tested
before they are physically installed.

Harmonic voltages and currents are produced primarily by solid state power conversion
equipment using rectifiers and thyristors. Equipment which generally produce harmonic
voltages and currents include the following:

a) UPS systems
b) DC drives
c) AC Drives
d) Rectifiers
e) Variable speed controllers.

The magnitude of harmonics is usually directly related to the size of the equipment in
which they are generated.

Harmonic calculations of the electrical system should be considered in the following

situations:

a) When applying large capacitor banks for power factor correction

b) When installaing large variable speed controllers
c) When installing solid-state ac-to-dc power conversion equipment
d) When there is a history of harmonic-related problems
e) At the initial design stage of an installation using large solid-state power
conversion equipment with capacitor banks
f) Where the utility has restrictive requirements on harmonics put into the
utility line
4.2 Protection Co-ordination Study

Co-ordination should be carried out as part of the system design "Power system study",
and is determined in a protective device co-ordination study.

Study should include the selection of relays, current transformers and potential
transformers. A plot of relay curves on time-current co-ordination logarithmic sheets
should be conducted for each protective device within the protective zone of co-
ordination.

Protective devices (e.g circuit breakers, relays and fuses) should have co-ordinated
operation to provide selective tripping, that is, the device nearest the fault should trip
before the devices closer to the power source in a hierarchical fashion.

The co-ordination study is carried out to ensure the smallest possible portion of the
electrical system is shut down when clearing a fault. Without proper co-ordination it may
be possible to shut down the entire facility to clear a minor fault, which can be very
costly.

The use of computer aided plotting for the time overcurrent reporting (CAPTOR
program) is available to simulate and assist in these time current co-ordination studies.

4.3 Load Summary

A load summary is a detailed listing of all loads to be served by the electrical distribution
system. The load summary should determine the power requirements of the system in
order to properly size power sources, feeder systems and distribution equipment.

Once the load data have been gathered, and loads have been assigned to individual buses,
the load summary can be developed. The load summary should include a calculation of
connected loads. This summary should include the summation of all running, continuous,
intermittent and standby loads.

The load summary is developed:

a) To determine the power requirements of each motor control centre, load

centre and switchboard enabling selection of distribution voltages and the sizing
of distribution equipment.
b) To determine power requirements for the entire system, enabling power
sources to be sized.
 The following Bechtel software program can be used and is recommended for the
calculation of electrical load summary:

· Electrical Load Data Systems (ELDS)

4.4 Cable Selection/Sizing and Installation

There are two basic cable sizing considerations that need to be calculated, those for "Feeder"
loads and those for motor (rotating machine) loads.

It is usual to consider the circuit rated current when sizing "static" loads such as feeder cables.
Both the full load current and the starting current are considered when sizing motor cables.

Cable selection/sizing should be carried out to meet the following criteria:

a) Cable current carry capacity (Ampacity)

b) Maximum allowable cable voltage drop. For motors the voltage drop at both full load and
starting should be taken into account.
c) Cable current rating after derating for site installation conditions
d) Minimum size determined by short-circuit conditions, mechanical strength

It is important to ensure that the circuit overcurrent devices are selected to suit the continuous
ratings of the cable.

Often equipment ratings are not known precisely at the beginning of a project, so estimated
values are used to determine cable sizes. The sizes must be checked as firm information becomes
available and modified where necessary.

A Bechtel computer program "SIZCABLE", is available which produces a table showing the
maximum permissible route lengths, for the different cable sizes, against L.V. motor ratings.

The program uses data for typical motors and cables. The following information is required to
run the program:

a) Motor rated voltage

b) Cable type
c) Method of cable installation (above ground or direct buried)
d) Maximum permissible voltage drop at motor full load (% rated volts)
e) Maximum permissible voltage drop at motor starting (% rated volts)
f) Cable overall derating factor
g) Frequency of supply system
The program compares the maximum length of run permitted for both starting and running
conditions and selects whichever is more stringent.

A Bechtel computer program known as SETROUTE is also available to provide an interactive

computerised electrical component tracking system. SETROUTE is a tool for controlling and
organising electrical cables, raceways, equipment terminations and cable routes.

It features:

a) Calculation and analysis of raceway fill and overfill conditions for both design and
constructed conditions
b) Calculation for raceway weight per unit length
c) Calculation of cable length

4.5 Lighting Design

Lighting design calculations are carried out to ensure adequate illumination is achieved for the
safe operation of the plant.

There are two main methods for lighting design calculations, these being the 'point-to-point' and
the 'lumen' methods. The lumen method is used when calculation of the average illuminance of
the proposed lighting installation is required. The point to point method is used where non linear
sources of lighting are used or where more accurate results are necessary for linear source
installations.

Recommended lighting design levels can be found in API RP 540 "Electrical Installations in
Petroleum Refineries" and API RP 14F "Design and Installation of Electrical Systems for
Offshore Production Platforms", together with any client or other standards requirements or
industry recommendations such as those of the Chartered Institute of Building Services (see
CIBS Design Handbook) and the Illuminating Engineering Society. Road lighting is covered by
BS 5489.

4.6 Earthing System Design

Earthing calculations are essential to ensure personnel safety, compliance with standards and
codes, prolonging insulation life (by limiting overvoltage), and for fast selective isolation of
ground faults.
There are various types of earthing which require calculation of earthing conductor sizes, earth
resistance, and earth electrode number/sizes, these are as follows:

a) System earthing - there are three main methods of system earthing: solid, low resistance
and high resistance
b) Equipment earthing
c) Lightning protection earthing
d) Static electricity earthing
 APPENDIX A
TO ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE No EDG E343 001

S U B JEC T : T Y P IC A L S T A N D A R D C A L C U L A T I O N

L O W V O L T A G E C A B L E S IZ IN G T O M O T O R S

D R A W IN G N o s : { D E T A IL R E L E V A N T D R A W IN G S }

PLO T PLA N : {S T A T E R E L E V A N T P L O T P L A N S }

R EFER EN C E D A TA :

E Q U IP M E N T N o s { S T A T E R E L E V A N T E Q U I P M E N T N o s IF A N Y }

D R A W IN G S {S T A T E D R A W IN G S U S E D }

V E N D O R P R IN T S {S T A T E V E N D O R D R A W IN G N o s U S E D }

M EM ORANDA { I N C L U D E R E L E V A N T M E M O 'S I S S U E D I F A N Y }

O THER

D E S IG N B A S I S :

S P E C I F IC A T I O N S { I N C L U D E R E L E V A N T P R O J E C T / C L I E N T S P E C IF IC A T I O N S }

CODES {IN C L U D E R E L E V A N T S T A N D A R D S / C O D E S }

O THER { I N C L U D E A N Y M A N U F A C T U R E R S L IT E R A T U R E }

REM ARKS :
T h is ty p ic a l c a l c u la t io n is f o r f o r m a t r e q u ir e m e n ts o n ly o f d e s i g n g u id e E D G E 3 4 E 0 0 1 . T h e p r o je c t jo b n u m b e r s
a n d c a lc u l a tio n n u m b e r a r e f ic tit io u s , a n d f o r th e p u r p o s e s o f th is c a lc u la tio n a r e n o t in te n d e d to m e e t a n y B e c h te l
n u m b e r in g s y s te m s .

GROUP : E L E C T R IC A L GR O U P LEA D : R H BU C KLE

R E V IS IO N C A L C U L A T IO N B Y CHECKED BY S IG N A T U R E O F
No SHEET D E S C R IP T I O N NAM E D A TE NAME D A TE GR O U P LEA D
0 G U ID E O N L Y RCE A U G 94 A N O A U G 94 R H BU C KLE

JO B N o: 0001
PLA N T N o: 0001
C A LC N o: 0001
C A L C U L A T IO N C O V E R S H E E T
SH EET 1 of 8

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 C A L C U L A T IO N S H E E T
DATE 31 A UG UST 1994

C A L C U L A T IO N B Y RCE CHECKED BY ANO SHEET No 2 of 8

PLA N T N o. 0001 C A L C N o. 0001 JO B N o 0001

S U B JE C T L O W V O L T A G E C A B L E S IZ IN G T O M O T O R S F IL E N o 100

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S e c tio n D e sc r ip tio n Page

1 .0 PURPOSE 3
2 .0 C O N C L U S IO N S / F IN D IN G S 4
3 .0 A S S U M P T IO N S 5
4 .0 C A L C U L A T IO N S 6
5 .0 REFERENCES 8

A P P E N D IC E S

B M O T O R C A B L E S E L E C T IO N C H A R T B1

G S F -7 E E G -5 1 7 4 [ ( L O N ) S E F -A - 5 1 7 4 ] S E P / 9 3

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 C A L C U L A T IO N S H E E T
DATE 31 A U G U ST 1994

C A L C U L A T IO N B Y RCE CHECKED BY ANO SHEET N o 3 of 8

PLA N T N o. 0001 C A LC N o. 0001 JO B N o 0001

S U B JE C T L O W V O L T A G E C A B L E S IZ IN G T O M O T O R S F IL E N o 100

1 .0 P U R P O S E O F C A L C U L A T IO N

T h e o b je c t o f t h i s c a l c u l a t i o n i s t o o b t a i n a s e t o f c a b l e r a t i n g f a c t o r s t o b e u s e d i n d e t e r m i n i n g c u r r e n t r a t i n g s fo r
4 1 5 V c a b le s to L V m o to r s b e tw e e n 1 .5 k W u p to a n d in c lu d in g 1 3 2 k W .

A c a b le se le c tio n c h a r t w ill b e p r o d u c e d fo r v a r y in g c a b le s iz e s a g a in st m o to r k W r a tin g s , to e n a b le se le c tio n o f

c a b l e s b a s e d o n v o l t d r o p c a l c u l a t i o n s p e r fo r m e d fo r b o t h m o t o r r u n a n d s t a r t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . T h e c h a r t p r o d u c e d
w ill p r e s e n t th e m a x im u m p e r m is s ib le le n g th o f c a b le w ith r e s p e c t to e a c h m o to r .

T h e c a b le to b e u se d w ill b e :

C on d u ctor : S ta n d a rd C o p p e r
In su la tio n : PV C
B e d d in g : X LPE / LC
A rm our : S T E E L W IR E
S h e a th : PV C
V o lta g e G r a d e : 600 V

D u e to th e w id e r a n g e o f c a b le s u se d a n d in sta lla tio n m e th o d s a n d p r a c tic e s, a p r e c is e r a tin g fa c to r c a n n o t b e

c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e s o ft w a r e p r o g r a m " S i z c a b l e " d u e t o i t s s i n g l e p o i n t e n t r y o f 'd e r a t i n g f a c t o r '.

T h e r e fo r e a s s u m p tio n s w ill b e m a d e in th is c a lc u la tio n a p p r o p r ia te to in s ta lla tio n c o n d itio n s a n d m e th o d s w h ils t

a tte m p tin g to e n su re th a t th e lim itin g c o n d u c to r te m p e ra tu r e is n o t e x c e e d e d .

G S F -7 E E G - 5 1 7 4 [ ( L O N ) S E F -A -5 1 7 4 ] S E P /9 3

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DATE 31 A U G U ST 1994

C A L C U L A T IO N B Y RCE CHECKED BY ANO SHEET N o 4 of 8

PLA N T N o. 0001 C A LC N o. 0001 JO B N o 0001

S U B JE C T L O W V O L T A G E C A B L E S IZ IN G T O M O T O R S F IL E N o 100

2 .0 C O N C L U S IO N S / F IN D IN G S

T h e o v e r a l l c a b l e r a t i n g fa c t o r s h a v e b e e n d e t e r m i n e d .

T h e s e fa c to r s h a v e b e e n a p p lie d to th e M o to r C a b le S e le c tio n C h a r t in A p p e n d ix A a n d h a v e b e e n u s e d to
d e t e r m i n e t h e m a x i m u m c a b l e l e n g t h s fo r 4 1 5 v o l t m o t o r fe e d e r c a b l e s .

T h e m a x i m u m c a b l e l e n g t h s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d fo r m o t o r fu l l l o a d a n d m o t o r s t a r t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . T h e m o r e
o n e ro u s c a b le le n g th u n d e r e ith e r m o to r r u n n in g o r sta r tin g c o n d itio n s h a s b e e n s h o w n in th e m o to r c a b le
s e le c tio n c h a r t.

G S F -7 E E G - 5 1 7 4 [ ( L O N ) S E F -A -5 1 7 4 ] S E P /9 3

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 C A L C U L A T IO N S H E E T
DATE 31 A U G U ST 1994

C A L C U L A T IO N B Y RCE CHECKED BY ANO SHEET N o 5 of 8

PLA N T N o. 0001 C A LC N o. 0001 JO B N o 0001

S U B JE C T L O W V O L T A G E C A B L E S IZ IN G T O M O T O R S F IL E N o 100

3 .0 A S S U M P T IO N S

3 .1 T h a t a ll c a b le s a r e in s ta lle d w ith a s p a c in g b o th v e r tic a lly a n d h o r iz o n ta lly o f 1 5 0 m m m in im u m

3 .2 T h a t th e so il te m p e ra tu r e is 2 0 ºC

3 .3 T h a t th e s o il r e s is tiv ity is 0 .8 ºC m /w .

3 .4 T h a t c a b le s a r e in s ta lle d in 3 la y e r s

3 .5 M o t o r a n d c a b l e p a r a m e t e r s u t i l i s e d a s i n fr o m s o ft w a r e " S i z e a b l e " D a t a B a s e

G S F -7 E E G - 5 1 7 4 [ ( L O N ) S E F -A -5 1 7 4 ] S E P /9 3

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 CALCULATION SHEET
DATE 31 AUGUST 1994

CALCULATION BY RCE CHECKED BY ANO SHEET No 6 of 8

PLANT No. 0001 CALC No. 0001 JOB No 0001

SUBJECT LOW VOLTAGE CABLE SIZING TO MOTORS FILE No 100

4.0 CALCULATIONS

4.1 System Parameters :

Line Voltage = 415 V Nominal
System Frequency = 50 Hz

4.2 Maximum Permissible Voltage Drop :

Motor cable under full load conditions 5%
Motor cable under starting conditions 15%

4.3 Voltage Drop Formula to be Used :

a) Motor Run Condition:

% VOLT DROP x LINE VOLTS X 10

L(MAX) =
3x MOTOR FLC (A) x (R Cos + X Sin )

Motor Start Condition :

% VOLT DROP x LINE VOLTS X 10
b) L(MAX) =
3x MOTOR FLC (A) x (N) x (R Cos + X Sin)

Where: N = Multiple of full load current at starting conditions for respective motor
L(MAX) = Maximum permissible cable length (metre)
R = ac cable resistance per km at operating temperature
X = Cable reactance per km at operating frequency
ø = Power angle

4.4 Cable Rating

To determine the cable ratings the following are to be considered :
1) Thermal Resistivity of soil
2) Grouping
3) Cable depth of lay
4) Soil temperature

4.5 Current Ratings of Cables

The cable ratings will be taken from the "Sizcable" DataBase. (Corrected for calculated
derating factor as appropriate).

Cables will be laid direct in the ground.

4.6 Cable Rating Calculation

4.6.1 The soil temperature will be 20ºC
Using ERA.69.30 Table 62, Page 97 the rating factor for variation in ground temperature is:
20ºC - 0.95
GSF-7EEG-5174 [(LON) SEF-A-5174] SEP/93

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 C A L C U L A T IO N S H E E T
DATE 31 A U G U ST 1994

C A L C U L A T IO N B Y RCE CHECKED BY ANO SHEET N o 7 of 8

PLA N T N o. 0001 C A LC N o. 0001 JO B N o 0001

S U B JE C T L O W V O L T A G E C A B L E S IZ IN G T O M O T O R S F IL E N o 100

4 .6 C A B L E R A T IN G C A L C U L A T IO N C O N T IN U E D

4 .6 .2 T h e th e r m a l r e sistiv ity o f th e s o il is 0 .8 ° C m /W .
U s i n g E R A . 6 9 .3 0 T a b l e 6 3 , P a g e 9 8 t h e r a t i n g f a c t o r fo r v a r i a t i o n i n t h e r m a l r e s i s t i v i t y o f s o i l i s :
0 .8 C m /W - 1 .1 0 to 1 .1 4 F o r c a b le s b e tw e e n 4 .0 m m ² to 1 8 5 m m ²

T o e n a b l e a s i n g l e v a l u e t o b e t a k e n fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s c a l c u l a t i o n a n a v e r a g e w i l l b e
ta k e n o f 1 .1 2 6

4 .6 .3 T h e n u m b e r o f c irc u its w ill b e 1 2 r u n to g e th e r , d ir e c t b u r ie d , w ith th r e e la y e r s o f fo u r

c a b le s s p a c e d 1 5 0 m m a p a r t.

U s i n g E R A . 6 9 .3 0 T a b l e 6 6 , P a g e 1 0 1 , t h e g r o u p r a t i n g f a c t o r f o r t h e a b o v e fo r m a t i o n i s 0 . 4 8 .

4 .6 .4 T h e d e p t h o f l a y o f c a b l e s w i l l b e 1 ,0 0 0 m m .

T h e r a t i n g fa c t o r fo r d e p t h o f l a y i n g i s :
0 .9 5 u p to 5 0 m m ²
0 .9 3 7 0 m m ² to 3 0 0 m m ²

T h e v a l u e o f 0 .9 3 w i l l b e t a k e n t o a l l o w fo r t h e m o s t o n e r o u s c o n d i t i o n s .

4 .6 .5 O v e r a ll c a b le d e tr a tin g fa c to r :
R o /a = 0 .9 5 x 1 .1 2 6 x 0 .4 8 x 0 .9 3
= 0 .4 7 7 5

U s e 0 .4 8 fo r c a b le se le c tio n c h a r t

4 .6 .6 T h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f m a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e c a b l e l e n g t h s w e r e p e r fo r m e d u s i n g B e c h t e l s o f t w a r e
p r o g r a m " S i z c a b l e " V e r s i o n 2 . 0 . T h e v o l t d r o p c a l c u l a t i o n p e r fo r m e d a r e b a s e d o n t h e f o r m u l a
sh o w n in 4 .4 a b o v e .

T h e r e s u lts o f th e s e c a lc u la tio n s a r e s h o w n in th e m o to r c a b le s e le c tio n c h a r t A p p e n d ix A .

G S F -7 E E G - 5 1 7 4 [ ( L O N ) S E F -A -5 1 7 4 ] S E P /9 3

Engineering Design Guide 3DG E34E 001 Rev 0 Page A7 of 1

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 C A L C U L A T IO N S H E E T
DATE 31 A U G U ST 1994

C A L C U L A T IO N B Y RCE CHECKED BY ANO SH EET N o 8 of 8

PLA N T N o. 0001 CA LC No. 0001 JO B N o 0001

S U B JE C T L O W V O L T A G E C A B L E S IZ IN G T O M O T O R S F IL E N o 100

5 .0 REFERENCES

5 .1 E R A T e c h n o lo g y - ( E R A .6 9 .3 0 P a r t III ) s u s ta in e d c u rre n t ra tin g s fo r P V C in s u la te d c a b le s to B S

6 3 4 6 1 9 6 9 . (a c 5 0 H z a n d d c ).

5 .2 S iz c a b le s o ftw a r e u s e r in s tru c tio n m a n u a l.

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 APPENDIX B
MOTOR CABLE SELECTION CHART
Notes:
SPECIFICATIONS THIS MOTOR CABLE SCHEDULE HAS BEEN PERFORMED FOR THE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE Vs (V) 415 CABLE TYPE: Cu/XLPE/LC/PVC/SWA/PVC - LAID DIRECT IN GROUND INCORPORATION INTO DESIGN DUIDE EDG E34E 001 -
SYSTEMFREQUENCY (Hz) 50 DERATING FACTOR: 0.48 STANDARD CALCULATIONS.
%VOLT DROP AT STARTING 15.0% THIS SELECTION CHART HAS NO RELATION TO ANY BECHTEL
%VOLT DROP AT FULL LOAD 5.0% PROJECT AND SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE.
%VMaxDrop VSupply THE NUMBERING SYSTEM USED IS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
FORMULA: 
LMaxPerm issable CHART ONLY IN ALL OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES THE STANDARD
3  I (Rcos  Xsin)
BECHTEL NUMBERING SYSTEM SHALL BE USED.

DATA FOR CABLE TYPE: Cu/XLPE/LC/PVC/SWA/PVC - LAID DIRECT IN GROUND

CROSS SECTION (MM²) 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 2x 95 # 120 # 150 # 185

RESISTANCE (ohm/km) 5.88 3.93 2.33 1.47 0.93 0.67 0.49 0.34 0.25 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.07
REACTANCE (ohm/km@50Hz) 0.096 0.091 0.086 0.081 0.079 0.077 0.076 0.075 0.073 0.072 0.073 0.073 #### #### 0.037 ####
NOMINAL RATING (A) 50 67.5 82.5 115 150 180 215 265 315 360 405 460 630 720 810 920
INSTALLED RATING (A) 24.0 32.4 39.6 55.2 72.0 86.4 103.2 127.2 151.2 172.8 194.4 220.8 #### #### 388.8 ####

MOTOR MOTOR MOTOR MAXIMUMPERMISSIBLE ROUTE LENGTH (m)

RATING FLC (A) LRC (A)

1.5 4 22 453 672 1,114 1,725 2,630 3,524 4,604 6,188 7,839 9,198
2.2 5 34 293 435 721 1,116 1,702 2,280 2,979 4,004 5,072 5,952 6,846 7,750
3 6 42 237 352 583 904 1,378 1,846 2,412 3,241 4,106 4,818 5,542 6,274 #### ####
4 8 55 268 395 646 987 1,470 1,930 2,460 3,192 3,915 4,476 4,992 5,496 #### #### 9,984
5.5 11 82 180 265 434 662 986 1,295 1,650 2,141 2,626 3,002 3,348 3,686 #### #### 6,696 ####
7.5 14 96 153 226 370 565 842 1,105 1,409 1,828 2,242 2,563 2,859 3,147 #### #### 5,717 ####
11 20 144 102 151 247 377 562 737 940 1,219 1,495 1,710 1,907 2,099 #### #### 3,813 ####
15 27 203 107 175 267 398 523 666 865 1,061 1,212 1,352 1,489 #### #### 2,704 ####
18.5 34 238 149 228 340 446 568 738 905 1,034 1,154 1,270 #### #### 2,307 ####
22 40 260 209 311 408 520 675 828 947 1,056 1,163 #### #### 2,112 ####
30 51 347 156 233 306 390 506 621 710 792 872 #### #### 1,583 ####
37 68 476 170 223 284 369 452 517 577 635 905 #### 1,154 ####
45 80 560 190 242 313 385 440 490 540 769 879 981 ####
55 99 643 210 273 335 383 427 470 670 766 854 940
75 126 882 199 244 279 311 343 488 558 623 685
90 152 1064 231 258 284 405 463 516 568
110 192 1344 204 225 320 366 409 450
132 220 1540 196 280 320 357 393

JOBNo. 0001
DESIGN GUIDE EDG E34E 001 'STANDARD CALCULATIONS'
DRAWING No REV

E-0001
O 31/08/94 ISSUE FOR CORPORATE REVIEW RCE N/A N/A N/A MOTOR CABLE SELECTION CHART
REV DATE DESCRIPTION BY CHKD LD ENG. PROJ. SHEET OF 1
(LORO) GSF-7EEE-6637 DEC/93

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