MATHEMATICS 9

UNIT 2 / WKS 1-2 / LP1 DATE: November 23 – December 4, 2020

TOPIC: VARIATIONS
CONTENT STANDARDS: Demonstrate understanding of key concepts of variations and radicals.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: Formulate and solve correctly problems involving variations.
MISSION AND IDENTITY STANDARDS: Social Involvement and Creativity.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

While learning the lesson, you should be able to:
1. illustrate situations that involve the following variations: (a) direct; (b) inverse; (c) joint; (d)
combined;
2. translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a) a table
of values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa;
3. solve problems involving variation; and
UPGRADED MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:
4. solve real-life problems given in the form of a table of values, mathematical equation and
graph involving variations by translating it into a variation statement between two quantities.

CULMINATING PERFORMANCE TASK (BIG TASK)

This activity will be done after LP3 with TLE, Science, Araling Panlipunan, Math, Filipino, Arts,
Physical Education
Goal: Prepare a recipe that is affordable and healthy
Role: Barangay Health Coordinator
Audience: Barangay Women’s Association
Situation: Due to layoffs and closing of roads from main provinces where prime commodities
come from there is a low supply of some basic goods every family need despite the high
demand. To address the problem, the Municipal Mayor ask for your assistance as the
barangay health coordinator to come up with a recipe considering the budget per
family subsidized by the government. With the amount of Php 500.00, each homemaker
will choose a recipe from Asia based on available fruits and vegetables in season for a
family member of 5. One challenge for you is that, despite the given budget, you should
come up with an affordable and healthy recipe. Show how the amount of money will be
spent by making a budgetary plan of the expenses incurred.
Product / Performance: A recipe containing the indicated instructions.
Standard: Rubric

MINI TASK:
Think of two (2) real-life situations that are aligned with the value of engaged citizenship and in
which variations can be used. Formulate a problem for each of the situations using different kinds
of variations. Your output should include the following:
1. Type of variation. 3. Variation statement.
2. Graph (if needed) 4. Complete solution.

ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGIES

• Direct Variation – a relationship between two variables such that an increase in one
corresponds to an increase in the other at the same rate.
• Inverse Variation – a relationship between two quantities such that when one variable
increases, the other variable decreases proportionally.
• Joint Variation – a relationship where one quantity increases (or decreases) proportionally as
the product of two other quantities increases (or decreases).
• Combined Variation – a variation in which one quantity varies directly or jointly with two or
more quantities and inversely with other quantities.

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 A. PRE-ASSESSMENT

Let’s find out how much you already know about this topic. Encircle the letter of your answer.
Please answer all items. After answering this pre-assessment, you may check your answer using
the answer key found in the appendix. Take note of the items that you were not able to answer
correctly and find out how they are to be answered as you go along in your module.

1. Which of the following is an example of a direct variation?

2 2
A. 𝑥𝑦 = 10 B. 𝑦 = 𝑥 C. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 D. 𝑦 = 𝑥
2. The cost c varies directly as the number n of pencils is written as:
𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝑐 = 𝑘𝑛 B. 𝑘 = 𝑐𝑛 C. 𝑛 = D. 𝑐 =
𝑐 𝑛
3. Which of the following describes an inverse variation?
A. C.
x 2 3 4 5 x 40 30 20 10
y 5 10/3 5/2 2 y 8 6 4 2
B. D.
x 1 3 3 4 x 4 8 10 12
y 5 10 15 20 y 2 4 5 6

4. Y varies directly as x and y=32 when x=4. Find the constant of variation.
A. 8 B. 36 C. 28 D. 128
5. If y varies directly as x and y=12 when x=4, find y when x=12.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 36 D. 48
6. W varies directly as the square of x and inversely as p and q. If w=12 when x=4, p=2 and q=20,
find w when x=3, p=8, and q=5.
27
A. 10 B. 9 C. 4 D. 5
7. If s varies directly as t and inversely as v, then which of the following equations describes the
relation among the three variables s, t, and v?
𝑘 𝑘𝑣 1 𝑘𝑡 𝑘𝑡
A. 𝑠 = 𝑡𝑣 B. 𝑠 = 𝑡 C. 𝑠 = 𝑣 D. 𝑠 = 𝑣
8. If 3 men can do a portion of a job in 8 days, how many men can do the same job in 6 days?
A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
9. Jennica’s income varies directly as the number of days that she works. If she earns Php 8,000.00
in 20 days, how much will she earn if she worked 3 times as long?
A. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 26,000 B. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 24,000 C. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 20,000 D. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 16,000
10. If (x-4) varies inversely as (y+3) and x=8 when y=2, find x when y=-1.
A. 20 B. 18 C. 16 D. 14

B. INTRODUCTION
Variation is an important tool to accurately show the relationship between two variables. Most
often than not, we do activities showing the relationship of two variables without realizing that we are
already applying variations. For example, in economics, the relationship between demands and supplies
and in science, the connection of speed, distance, and time.
In this learning packet, we will be discussing the different types of variations, their graphs (if
applicable), and the different applications of variations in real-life.

C. DISCUSSION
UPGRADED MELC: Solve real life problems given in the form of a table of values, mathematical
equation and graph involving variations by translating it into a variation statement between two
quantities.

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 ACTIVITY 1: Tell Me More
Read and analyze the situation below. Then answer the questions that follow.
Joshua travels a distance of 8 kilometers to work using his bicycle.
At a constant rate, it takes him 1 hour and 20 minutes to reach his
workplace just in time for his workplace’s opening time which is at 9:00
AM.
One particular morning, just when he was about to leave his house
for work, he saw a friend whom he hasn’t seen for a while. They started
chatting until Joshua noticed that it is already 8:25 AM.
1. How will he be able to catch up for the lost time? Cite solutions.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How are the quantities like rate, time, and distance considered in travelling?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Does the change in one quantity affect a change in the other? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

SAQ 1.1
If Joshua increases his speed to make it to work, what happens to other variables such as
distance and time?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2: KWLH
Directions: Write your ideas on variations. Answer the unshaded portion of the table below.
What I know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned How Can I learn More

You are now about to learn the different kinds of variations.

Lesson 1: Direct Variation

Direct Variation – a relationship between two quantities such that an increase in

one corresponds to an increase in the other at the same rate.
The following formulas are used:
➢ Direct Variation: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
𝑦
➢ Constant of variation: 𝑘 = 𝑥

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 There is a direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers
in which their ratio is constant.
KEYWORDS:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x”
NOTE: If y increases, x increases. If y decreases, then x decreases as well. Its graph
is a straight line.

Study the following examples.

Example 1: If y varies directly as x and 𝑦 = 24 when 𝑥 = 6, find the variation constant and the
equation of variation.
a. Find the constant of the variation (k) b. Find the equation of the variation
Process Steps Process Step/s
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 1. Express the statement If k=4, then: Form the equation of the
“y varies directly as x” 𝑦 = 4𝑥 variation by substituting 4
as 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥. in the statement, 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2. Solve for k by Thus, the equation of variation is
24 = 6𝑘 substituting the given 𝑦 = 4𝑥
24 values in the equation.
𝑘=
6
𝑘=4

Example 2: The pressure (p) at the bottom of the swimming pool varies directly as the depth (d) of
the water. The pressure is 125 Pascal when the water is 2 meters deep.
a. Create a table of values.
b. Graph the relation.
c. Find the constant and equation of the variation.
d. Find the pressure when it is 4.5 meters deep.

SOLUTION:
a. Create a table of values. c. Solve for the constant of the variation.
Depth (d) 2 4 6 8 Process Steps
Pressure (p) 125 250 375 500 𝑝 = 𝑘𝑑 1. Express the statement “p
b. Graph the relation. varies directly as d” as 𝑝 =
𝑘𝑑.
𝑝 = 𝑘𝑑 2. Solve for k by substituting the
125 = 2𝑘 given values in the
𝑘 = 62.5 equation.

Find the equation of the variation

Process Step/s
If k=62.5, then: Form the equation of the
𝑝 = 62.5𝑑 variation by substituting 62.5 in
the statement, 𝑝 = 𝑘𝑑
Thus, the equation of variation is
𝑝 = 62.5𝑑
d. Find the pressure when it is 4.5 meters deep.
𝑝 = 62.5𝑑 Equation of the variation
𝑝 = 62.5(4.5) Substitute 4.5 to d.
𝑝 = 281.25 Simplify
𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒘𝒊𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒐𝒐𝒍 𝒊𝒔 𝟒. 𝟓 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒆𝒑.
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 Lesson 2: Inverse Variation

Inverse Variation – a relationship between two quantities such that when one
variable increases, the other variable decreases proportionally.
The following formulas are used:
𝑘
➢ Inverse Variation: 𝑦 = 𝑥 Constant of variation: 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑦

There is an inverse variation whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers

whose product is constant.
KEYWORDS:
“y varies inversely as x”
NOTE: If y increases, x decreases. If y decreases, then x increases as well. Its graph
is a curve line.

EXAMPLE 1: Find the equation and solve for k: y varies inversely as x and y=6 when x=18.

a. Solve for the constant of the variation b. Find the equation of the variation
Process Steps Process Step/s
𝑘 1. Express the statement If k=108, then: Use the obtained value of
𝑦=
𝑥 “y varies inversely as x” 108 k (constant) and substitute
𝑘 𝑦=
as 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑘
to 𝑦 = 𝑥 .
𝑘 2. Solve for k by Thus, the equation of variation is
6=
18 substituting the given 108
𝑘 = (6)(18) values in the equation. 𝑦=
𝑥
𝑘 = 108

Example 2: The number of days (d) needed in repairing a house varies inversely as the number of
men working (n). It takes 15 days for 2 men to repair the house.
e. Find the constant and equation of the variation.
f. Create a table of values.
g. Graph the relation.
h. How many men are needed to complete the job in 3 days?
SOLUTION:
c. Graph the relation
a. Solve for the constant of the variation.
Process Steps
𝑘 Express the statement “d varies
𝑑=
𝑛 inversely as n” as 𝑑 = 𝑘𝑛.
𝑘 Solve for k by substituting the
15 =
2 given values in the equation.
𝑘 = 15(2)
𝑘 = 30
If k=30, then: Form the equation of the
30 variation by substituting 30 in
𝑑= 30
𝑛 the statement, 𝑑 = 𝑛 d. How many men are needed to complete the
job in 3 days?
b. Create a table of values. Using the equation of 30
𝑑= Equation of the variation
the variation, we obtain: 𝑛
30
#of men (n) 2 4 6 8 3= Substitute 3 to d.
𝑛
#of days (d) 15 7.5 5 3.75 3𝑛 = 30 Cross-multiply
𝑛 = 10 Simplify
Thus, 10 men are needed to complete the job in
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 SAQ 1.2
1. Compare the table of values of the examples for direct and indirect variations.
What did you notice? Do the x-values increase when the values of y increase as
well? ____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Compare their graphs. What are their differences? What can you deduce from this?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 3: Answer the following exercises found in your Grade 9 Practical Math book.
Write your answers below. (Use the back portion of page 6 as your answer sheet)
Skill Builder (page 186) Skill Builder (page 197)
1. 1.
2. 2.

Lesson 3: Joint Variation

Joint variation – a relationship where one quantity increases (or decreases) as the
other product of the other two increases (or decreases).
The following formulas are used:
𝑦
➢ Joint Variation: 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧 Constant of variation: 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑧
Study the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1: Find the equation of the variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and 𝑎 = 36 when
𝑏 = 3 and 𝑐 = 4.
Solution:
1. Find the constant of the variation by substituting the given: 𝑎 = 36; 𝑏 = 3 and 𝑐 = 4.
𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐 Translate to a variation statement.
36 = 𝑘(3)(4) Substitute the values of a, b, and c.
36 = 𝑘(12) Simplify
𝑘=3 Constant of the variation.
2. Using the obtained value of the constant k, substitute this to the variation statement.
𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏𝑐 Variation statement
𝑎 = 3𝑏𝑐 Equation of the Variation.

EXAMPLE 2: Solve for the value of the constant of the variation then find the missing value.
▪ z varies jointly as x and y and z=60 when x=5 and y=6.
Solution:
1. Find the constant of the variation by substituting the given: 𝑧 = 60; 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = 6.
𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦 Translate to a variation statement.
60 = 𝑘(5)(6) Substitute the values of a, b, and c.
60 = 𝑘(30) Simplify. Then divide both sides by 30.
𝑘=2 Constant of the variation.
2. Using the obtained value of the constant k, substitute this to the variation statement.
𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦 Variation statement
𝑧 = 2𝑥𝑦 Equation of the Variation.
3. Question: Find z when x=7 and y=6.
𝑧 = 2𝑥𝑦 Equation of the Variation
𝑧 = 2(7)(6) Substitute the given values to the equation.
𝒛 = 𝟖𝟒 Simplify.
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 Lesson 3: Combined Variation

Combined variation – a variation in which one quantity varies directly or jointly with
two or more quantities and inversely with other quantities. In other words, this is a
combination of direct (or joint) and inverse variations.
The following formulas are used:
𝑘𝑤𝑥 𝑦𝑧
➢ Combined Variation: 𝑦 = 𝑧 Constant of variation: 𝑘 = 𝑤𝑥

Study the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1: If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z=9 when x=6 and y=2, find z when x=8
and y=12.
Solution:
1. Find the constant of the variation by substituting the given: 𝑧 = 9; 𝑥 = 6 and 𝑦 = 2.
𝑘𝑥
𝑧= 𝑦 Translate into a variation statement.
𝑘(6)
9= Substitute the values of a, b, and c.
2
9(2) = 𝑘(6) Cross-multiply
18 = 𝑘(6) Simplify
𝑘=3 Constant of the variation.
2. Using the obtained value of the constant k, substitute this to the variation statement.
𝑘𝑥
𝑧= 𝑦 Variation statement
3𝑥
𝑧= Equation of the Variation.
𝑦
3. Solve for the missing variable. Substitute x=8 and y=12 to the equation.
3𝑥
𝑧= 𝑦 Equation of the Variation
3(8)
𝑧= Substitute
12
24
𝑧 = 12 Simplify
𝒛=2 Solve for the value of z.

EXAMPLE 2: The current I varies directly as the electromotive force E and inversely as the resistance
R. If in a system a current of 20 amperes flows through the resistance of 20 ohms with an
electromotive force of 100 volts, find the current that 150 volts will send through the system when
the resistance is 25 ohms.
Solution:
1. Find the constant of the variation by substituting the given: 𝐼 = 20; 𝑅 = 20 and 𝐸 = 100.
𝑘𝐸
𝐼= 𝑅 Translate into a variation statement.
𝑘(100)
20 = 20 Substitute the given values.
20(20) = 𝑘(100) Cross-multiply
400 = 𝑘(100) Simplify. Then divide both sides by 100.
𝑘=4 Constant of the variation.
2. Using the obtained value of the constant k, substitute this to the variation statement.
𝑘𝐸
𝐼= 𝑅 Variation statement
4𝐸
𝐼= Equation of the Variation.
𝑅
3. Solve for the missing variable. Substitute 𝐸 = 150; 𝑅 = 25 to the equation
4𝐸
𝐼= 𝑅 Equation of the Variation
4(150)
𝐼= 25
Substitute the given values to the equation.
𝐼 = 24 Simplify.

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 ACTIVITY 4: Apply what you have learned in the situation below. Read and analyze the
situation and answer the questions that follow. Show your complete solution. You can use the back
portion of page 8 as your answer sheet.
The number of days (d) needed to compete a certain job varies inversely as the
number of men (n) that will work on the project. If 5 men works on the job, they can finish
it in 30 days.
e. Graph the relation.
a. What type of variation is presented?
_________________________________________
b. Write a mathematical statement that
relates the two quantities d and n.
_________________________________________
c. What is the constant of the variation?
Formulate a mathematical equation from
the constant variation.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
d. Complete the table of values below
showing the relationship of the number of
days to complete the job and the number
of men working on it
Number of days f. What value/s can you get from the
(d) situation?
Number of men
(n)

NAME: _________________________________________________GRADE and SECTION: ______________________

NAME OF SUBJECT TEACHER: ____________________________________SUBJECT: __________________________

A. Read and analyze the situation below then answer the questions that follow. Show complete
solution. Use the back portion of page 9 as your answer sheet.

A non-government organization launched a campaign against wasteful plastic

bottles. As part of their campaign, they encouraged the residents of a barangay to
collect plastic bottles and bring them at the barangay hall. They will give 5 kilograms of
rice (r) for every 1 kilogram of plastic bottles (p).

a. Create a table of values showing the relationship of every kilogram of plastic bottles to
every kilogram of rice. Have at least 6 columns in your table. (3 points)
b. Present the relation using a graph. (3 points)
c. What type of variation is presented? (1 point)
d. Write a mathematical statement that relates the two quantities p and r. (2 points)
e. What is the constant of the variation? (2 points)
f. Formulate a mathematical equation from the constant variation you obtained in step e.
(2 points)
g. Using the mathematical equation, how many kilograms of rice would 25 kilograms of
plastic bottles be? Show your complete solution. (3 points)
h. How many kilograms of plastic bottles is needed in exchange for a sack of rice (1 𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑘 =
50 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)? Show your complete solution. (2 points)
i. As an engaged citizen, would you participate in such activities? Explain your answer. (2
points)
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 D. MINI TASK
Think of two (2) real-life situations that are aligned with the value of engaged
citizenship and in which variations can be used. Formulate a problem for each of
the situations using different kinds of variations. Your output should include the
following:
1. Type of variation. 3. Variation statement.
2. Graph (if needed) 4. Complete solution.
Criteria:
Used real-life situation 5 points
Used two different kinds of variations (one kind for each problem) 5 points
Problems provides necessary details 5 points
Complete solution is shown 5 points
***Use the back part of page 10 of this module as your answer sheet for this mini task.

SUMMARY
After completion of this module, the students should have realized that the relationships between
two or more variables can be represented through the different kinds of variations.
Direct variation shows that an increase in one variable corresponds to an increase in the other at
the same rate. Inverse variation describes a relations wherein if one variable increases, the other variable
decreases proportionally.
Joint variation is a relationship between 3 variables. If one variable increases (or decreases), then
the product of the other two variables increases (or decreases) as well.
Lastly, combined variation is a variation in which one quantity varies directly or jointly with two or
more quantities and inversely with other quantities.

INSIGHTS
Along with the mathematical concepts on variations, I have realized/learned that
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

References:
1. Albay, E. & Oli, M. (2018). Practical Math 9. Diwa Learning Systems Inc. Legaspi Village, Makati
City, Philippines
2. Mathematics Learner’s Material 9. (2014). Department of Education. Meralco Avenue, Pasig City,
Philippines.
3. Philippine Education Assistance Committee. (2017). Learning Module. Retrieved from
https://peac.org.ph/learning-module-repository/

Prepared by:

Mr. Joel G. Colsim, LPT Ms. Rowena T. Embuido, LPT Ms. Kristine Joy A. Guzman, LPT
Teacher Teacher Teacher
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited.
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 Appendix:
Key Answers for:
• Pre-test 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. D
• ACTIVITY 1:
1. Answer varies.
2. The distance travelled depends on the speed on a given period of time.
3. When one quantity increases, so are the other quantities.
• ACTIVITY 2: Answer Varies.
• ACTIVITY 3:
A. Skill Builder page 186:
1. p=84
2. Answers may vary.
B. Skill Builder page 197:
1. X=8
2. Answers may vary.
• Elaborate

a. Inverse Variation e.
b. 𝑑 = 𝑘/𝑛_
c. 𝑘 = 150 Constant of the variation
𝑑 = 150/𝑛_ Equation of the variation
d.
Number 5 10 15 20
of men
(n)
Number 30 15 10 7.5
of days
(d)

f. Value/s: With teamwork, the job will be done

faster.

This packet must be submitted on December 4, 2020 (8-12nn /1-4pm).

I attest that this learning packet has been accomplished by my child/ward

with my guidance.
________________________________________
Name and Signature of Parent/Guardian

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means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited.
10