9

Mathematics Activity Sheet

Quarter 1 – MELC 4

The Sum and the Product of Roots

of a Quadratic Equation

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Mathematics 9
Activity Sheet No. 4
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Mathematics Activity Sheet

Writer: Antonio M. Agana Jr.

Layout Artist: Jackielyn S. Cabangal

Content Editors: Gerardito A. Damgo

Rhodalyn G. Delcano
Jay C. Blancaflor

Division of Roxas City Management Team:

Feliciano C. Buenafe Jr.
Marvic S. Martirez
Rhodalyn G. Delcano
Jocelyn D. Susona

Regional Management Team:

Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro Escobarte Jr
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Danilo J. Salmorin

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Introductory Message

Welcome to Mathematics Grade 9!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Roxas City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Mathematics 9 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent
learning.

For the learner:

The Mathematics 9 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even
if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and
engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read
and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the
assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Quarter 1 Week 2-3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 4

Name of Learner: ____________________________Grade & Section:___________

Date: _______________________

MATHEMATICS 9 ACTIVITY SHEET

THE SUM AND THE PRODUCT OF ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

I. Learning Competency with Code

Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a

quadratic equation. (M9AL - Ic - 2)

II. Background Information for Learners

This Learning Activity Sheet is about describing the relationship

between the coefficients and the roots of quadratic equation. You will know
more about how coefficients and roots are related and how you can
determine the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation by using
these relationships.
There are other relationships than can be observed between
coefficients and roots of quadratic equation. If x 1and x 2 are the roots of
quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, using the quadratic formula, x =

−b ± √b 2−4 ac
, then roots are:
2a
2 2
x 1 = −b+ √ b −4 ac and x 2 = −b−√ b −4 ac .
2a 2a

Sum of the Roots of Quadratic Equation

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 2 2
Addition property of equality
x 1+ x 2 = −b+ √ b −4 ac + −b−√ b −4 ac
2a 2a
Additive inverse
−2 b+0
=
2a
Additive identity
−2 b
= Any number divided by itself
2a
equals one.
b
= −¿1 • Multiplicative identity
a

−b
=
a

Product of the Roots of Quadratic Equation

2 2
Multiplication property of
x 1 • x 2 = −b+ √ b −4 ac • −b−√ b −4 ac
2a 2a equality

(x + y)(x – y)= x2 – y2
b2−(b2 −4 ac)
=
4 a2
Distributive property
b2−b 2+ 4 ac
=
4 a2
Additive inverse
0+4 ac
= Additive identity
4 a2

4 ac
= Any number divided by
4 a2 itself equals 1
c Multiplicative identity
=1•
a

c
=
a

For a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 when divided by a and where

a ≠ 0, then we have
b c
x2 + x + = 0
a a
−b −b
Since the sum is , we need to put a minus sign outside ( ) to
a a
make it positive. So we have x2 – (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0 or
−b c
x2 – ( )x + = 0
a a
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 Example 1: Find the sum and the product of roots of x2 – 5x – 6 = 0.
Solution: The values of a, b, and c in the equation are 1, -5, and -6,
respectively. Use these values to find the sum and product of the roots of
the equation.
a= 1 b= -5 c= -6
−b
Sum of the roots =
a
−(−5)
=
1
(Substitution Property)
=5
c
Product of the roots =
a
−6
=
1
(Substitution Property)
= -6
Therefore, the sum and the product of the roots of x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
are 5 and -6, respectively.

Checking:
x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
(x - 6) (x +1) = 0 (Factoring the quadratic trinomial)
x - 6 = 0; x + 1 = 0 Zero Product Property
x = 6; x = -1 by APE
x 1+ x2= 6 + (-1) = 5 (Sum of the roots)
x 1 . x 2= (6) (-1) = -6 (Product of the roots)

Example 2: Use the values of a, b, and c in finding the roots of the quadratic
equation 2x2 + 4x - 16 = 0.
Solution: The values of a, b, and c are 2, 4, and -16, respectively. Use these
values to find the sum and the product of the roots of the equation.
−b −(4) −4
Sum of the roots = = = = -2
a 2 2
c −16
Product of the roots = = = -8
a 2

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If x 1 and x 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 + 4x - 16 = 0, then the
sum and the product of its roots are as follows:

Sum of the roots: x 1 + x 2 = -2

Product of the roots: x 1● x 2 = -8

By inspection, the two numbers that give a sum of -2 and a product of -8 are
-4 and 2.
To check, let x 1= -4 and x 2= 2, then find their sum and product.
x 1 + x 2 = -2 x 1● x 2 = -8
-4 + 2 = -2 (-4)(2) = -8
-2 = -2 (True) -8 = -8 (True)
Therefore, the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 + 4x - 16 = 0 are x = -4 and
x = 2. These values of x make the equation true.

Example 3: Using the concept of the sum and product of roots, form the

1 2
quadratic equation whose roots are and .
2 3
−b
1 2 3+4 7 a
Solution: Sum of the roots: + = =
2 3 6 6

1 2 2 1 c
Product of the roots: ● = =
2 3 6 3 a

−b −b
Since the sum is , we need to put a minus sign outside ( ) to make it
a a
positive. So we have x2 – (sum of roots) + (product of roots) = 0 or
−b c
x2 – ( )x + = 0.
a a
−b c
x2 – ( )x + = 0.
a a
7 1
x2 – ( )x + = 0 Substitution Property
6 3
7 1
x2 – x+ = 0 Get rid the parentheses
6 3
7 1
(x2 −¿ x + = 0)6 Multiply each term by 6
6 3
6𝑥2 - 7x + 2 = 0
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III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook

Mathematics 9 Learner’s Materials, First Edition, 2014, Merden L. Bryant,

Leonides E. Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D. Cruz, Richard F. De
Vera, Gilda T. Garcia, Sonia E. Javier, Roselle A. Lazaro, Bernadeth J.
Mesterio, and Rommel Hero A. Saladino
Interactive Mathematics III (Concepts, Structures, and Methods for High
School, Oronce, O. A., Santos, G. C., & Ona, M. I. (n.d.). Manila: Rex Book
Store

IV. Activity Proper

1. Directions / Instructions:

For further information about this lesson, please refer to

Mathematics Learner’s Material pages 66-76.

2. Exercises/ Activities:

Exercise 1:

Directions: Use the values of a, b and c of each quadratic equation in

determining the sum and the product of its roots. Verify your answers by
obtaining the roots of the equation. Write your answers on a piece of paper.

Coefficients Roots Sum Product

a b c x1 x2 x 1 + x2 x1 . x2

1. x2 – 7x + 10 = 0
2. 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0
3. x2 – 16 = 0
4. x2 + 3x – 10 =0

5. 3y2 – 12y + 9 = 0

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 Exercise 2:

Directions: Write the quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 given the
following roots. Write your answers on a piece of paper.

1 3
1. x 1=¿3 and x 2=¿4 4. x 1=¿ and x 2=
4 5
−2 −1
2. x 1=¿-4 and x 2=¿7 5. x 1=¿ and x 1=
3 3
3. x 1=¿9 and x 2=¿-8

3. Guide Questions:

Directions: Answer the following questions on a piece of paper.

a. How do you determine the sum and the product of the roots of a
quadratic equation?
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________

b. What do you observe about the sum and the product of the roots of a
quadratic equation in relation to the values of a, b, and c?
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. Scoring Rubrics:

Rubrics for Exercise No. 2

3 points 2 points 1 point

The quadratic The quadratic equation The quadratic

equation was was accurately equation was
accurately formulated formulated but there was accurately formulated
with no error at all. one error in the solution but there were two or
provided. more errors in the
solution provided.

V. Reflections:

Directions: Complete the statements below. Write your answers on a piece of paper.

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I have learned that_______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

I have realized that _____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________.

I will apply __________________________________________________________.

VI. Answer Key

Exercise 1
Coefficients Roots Sum Product

a b c x1 x2 x 1 + x2 x1 . x2
1. x2 – 7x + 10 = 0 1 -7 10 5 2 7 10

2. 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0 2 3 -5 1 -5/2 -3/2 -5/2

3. x2 – 16 = 0 1 0 -16 4 -4 0 -16

4. x2 + 3x – 10 =0
1 3 -10 -5 2 -3 -10

5. 3y2 – 12y + 9 = 0 3 -12 9 3 1 4 3

Exercise 2

1) x2 – 7x + 12 = 0 4) 20x2 – 17x + 3 = 0
2) x2 – 3x - 21 = 0 5) 3x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
3) x2 – x – 72 = 0

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