ENGLISH 2 1

Names: Juan Camilo León and Carlos Mosquera

Asignature: English 2

Teacher: Aldemar Cojo

Civil Engineering

In this project we will talk about the profession of a civil engineer.

Civil Engineering is the branch that is responsible for the design, construction and

maintenance of infrastructures such as roads, railways, bridges, canals, dams, ports, airports,

power plants and others.

A civil engineer must be trained to provide solutions to all problems that arise in the work,

whether structural problems (design and construction) or environmental problems (protection of

natural resources)

This, in turn, is in charge of bringing the project to a successful conclusion.

In addition to having a good salary, it has the support of trained personnel for the execution of

the work such as (construction foremen, construction officers, construction assistants, among

others).

Advantages of being a civil engineer.

- Recognition in the construction industry.

- Good salary

- The satisfaction of making a masterpiece.

- Good demand. (There is a lot of work).

- New things are learned every day.

Disadvantages of being a civil engineer.

- A lot of work stress.

- A lot of responsibilities for the builds that you make.

Civil engineering specialties.

Structural engineering: it is mainly responsible for the design and calculation of structures,

and the foundations of residential buildings, and other structures such as towers, bridges and oil

rigs. They design safe and stable structures that can withstand the forces exerted by earthquakes,

winds and the weight of buildings.

Structural engineers are primarily concerned with designing and constructing buildings and

structures that are safe and capable of withstanding the elements to which they will be exposed,

as well as improving the structural integrity of existing buildings.

What do structural engineers do?

- Construction/engineering consultancies

- Construction/engineering contractors

- Utility companies

- Local authorities

- Central government organizations.

- Preparing reports, designs and drawings

- Making calculations about loads and stresses

- Selecting appropriate construction materials

- Providing technical advice

- Obtaining planning and/or building regulations approval

- Liaising with relevant professional staff such as architects

- Monitoring and inspecting work undertaken by contractors

- Administering contracts

- Managing projects
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- Inspecting properties to check conditions/foundations.

Sanitary engineering: is the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of

human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in

addition to the supply of safe potable water.

What do sanitary engineers do?

- Design and direct the construction and operation of hygienic projects such as waterworks,

sewage, garbage, and trash disposal plants.

- Design of plants must meet government regulations.

Environmental Engineering: Environmental engineering is the branch of engineering that is

concerned with protecting people from the effects of adverse environmental effects, such as

pollution, as well as improving environmental quality. Environmental engineers work to improve

recycling, waste disposal, public health, and water and air pollution control.

What do environmental engineers do?

- One of the most important responsibilities of environmental engineering is to prevent the

release of harmful chemical and biological contaminants into the air, water and soil, the

BLS says.

- Another important function performed by environmental engineers is detecting the

presence of pollutants and tracking them back to their source, the BLS says.

- Once the environmental engineer identifies a source of contamination, it must be stopped

or significantly reduced.

Construction project management. It is the discipline of planning, attracting, energizing and

organizing talents and managing resources, so that all the work required to fully develop a project

can be completed.
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Planning and design of road structures. The planning and design of road structures is

conceived to offer the engineer a technical and international vision to be able to face with greater

guarantee their technical work, it is related to road engineering.

Roads and transport. It deals with the planning, design and operation of traffic on streets,

roads and highways, their networks, infrastructures, adjoining lands and their relationship with

the different means of transport, achieving safe, efficient and convenient mobility for both people

and goods.

The most appropriate location, alignment, and shape of a highway are selected during the

design stage. Highway design involves the consideration of three major factors (human,

vehicular, and roadway) and how these factors interact to provide a safe highway. Human factors

include reaction time for braking and steering, visual acuity for traffic signs and signals, and car-

following behavior.

What does a highways engineer do?

As a highways engineer you will be responsible for planning, designing, and supervising

projects that keep road networks working efficiently.

The job role of a highways engineer may involve the following duties:

Designing local road schemes and maintaining the road network, including structures such as

bridges

- Working with other professionals to build and maintain roads

- Finding new solutions to transport problems

- Planning for highway maintenance and improvement projects

- Ensuring roads are kept clear and open in winter

- Planning and supervising new projects

- Preparing tender and contract documents

- Managing construction teams and adhering to health and safety guidelines

- Undertaking risk assessments

- Dealing with stakeholders including clients, transport specialists and members of the

public

- Undertaking new road scheme designs to the highest appropriate technical standards

- Assisting with the preparation of design resource estimates

- Estimating construction costs

- Ensuring that projects are delivered on time and within budget.

What do environmental engineers do?

Develop plans for surface transportation projects, according to established engineering

standards and state or federal construction policy. Prepare designs, specifications, or estimates for

transportation facilities. Plan modifications of existing streets, highways, or freeways to improve

traffic flow.

Geotechnical engineer: investigates the soil and rocks below the surface to determine their

engineering properties and design the foundations for structures such as buildings, bridges, dams

and hydroelectric plants.

The challenges that a civil engineer faces are getting bigger and bigger, as the engineering

industry becomes more ambitious and challenging every day.