0 2020 MP History Art and Culture Jan 17

(UPDATED DECEMBER 2020)
MPPSC 2020
Web: mppscadda.com Telegram: t.me/mppscadda WhatsApp/Call: 9953733830, 7982862964
MADHYA PRADESH: HISTORY & CULTURE
CONTENTS
❖ Chapter 1 MAJOR EVENTS AND DYNASTIES IN THE HISTORY OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 2 CONTRIBUTION OF MADHYA PRADESH IN FREEDOM MOVEMENT
❖ Chapter 3 MAJOR TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 4 IMPORTANT TRIBAL PERSONALITIES OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 5 MAJOR FESTIVALS and FAIRS of MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 6 MAJOR FOLK MUSIC, FOLK ARTS &FOLK THEATRE OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 7 MAJOR DIALECTS OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 8 MAJOR ARTS AND SCULPTURE OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 9 RELIGIOUS AND TOURIST PLACES OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 10 LITERATURE and LITTERATEUR OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 11 FAMOUS MUSICIANS AND PAINTERS OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 12 CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF MADHYA PRADESH
❖ Chapter 13 MAJOR AWARDS and HONOURS OF MADHYA PRADESH

Major Events and Dynasties
in the History of Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
1. MAJOR EVENTS AND MAJOR DYNASTIES
IN HISTORY OF MADHYA PRADESH
ANCIENT HISTORY OF MP
MADHYA PRADESH
• As its name implies—madhya means "central" and pradesh means "region" or "state"—it is
situated in the heart of the country.
• This central region belongs to the Gondwana land the southern part of supercontinent
pangea. The term Gondwana means the land of the Gonds and even today, MP continues to
be inhabited by various tribal groups
Prehistoric Period of Madhya Pradesh

• The prehistoric settlements in present day MP developed primarily in the valleys of rivers
such as Narmada, Chambal and Betwa.
• Relics of prehistoric human beings have been found in Bhimbetka, Hoshangabad, Sagar,
Bhopal, Raisen, Nemawar, Chhanera, Maheshwar, Pachmarhi, Adamgarh, Mandsaur;
• Bhimbetka in MP is the most significant prehistoric site-it not only exhibits earliest traces of
human life in MP but also on Indian sub-continent. Here evidences of continuous occupation
by man have been found from prehistoric to the historic period. (UNESCO World Heritage
Site 2003)
Stone Age Era
• Indian Stone Age is divided into three stages—Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic.
1. The Paleolithic Age—Hunters And Food Gatherers (2.5 LAKH-10,000 BC)

• Main Sites in MP-evidence found from the river valleys of Narmada, Chambal, Sonar, Parvati,
Betwa, Hiran and Venganga.
2. The Mesolithic Age—Hunters and Herders (10,000-6,000 BC)

• Main sites in MP–Most important site in MP is Adamgarh–Adamgarh Hills (Hoshangabad
district) are famous for the pre-historic rock shelters and rock paintings found in the hills.
Stone age artefacts (lower palaeolithic and meolithic implements) have been excavated here.
Other sites include–east Nimar, Shandol, Mandsaur, Hoshangabad, Rewa, Sehore, Ujjain,
Mandla, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, etc
3. The Neolithic Age—Food Producers (6000 BC-4000 BC)

• Agriculture or domestication of plants was the most important feature of Neolithic period
(rice, wheat, barley, millets).
• Domestication of plants and animals (sheep, goat, cattle) led to emergence of village life, and
division of labor based on sex.

• Main evidence has been found from Eran, Jabalpur, Damoh, Sagar, etc.
• In Eran, Kundam, Arjuni, Jaykara, Jabalpur, Damoh, Hata Sagar, Hoshangabad regions of
Madhya Pradesh, evidence of Stone-Age era have been found.
Copper Age 4000 TO 1200 BC
• At the end of the Neolithic age, we see the use of metals.
• Chalcolithic means stone—copper age. So after stone, metal began to be used for making
tools. And copper was the first metal to be used by man.
• This civilization existed in Malwa region.
• Main sites in MP—Valleys of Narmada, Chambal and Betwa. Jabalpur, Balaghat, etc.
• Evidence of chalcolithic culture also found at Kayatha, Besnagar, Eran, Maheshwar, Nagda
and Navadatoli.
• Kayatha was the first chalcolithic habitation in MP.
• Dr Wakankar had discovered Kayatha and Nagda.
• Dr Sankalia discovered Maheshwar and Navadatoli.
HISTORIC PERIOD
• In the early Vedic period (or the Rigvedic period ).
• The Vindhyas formed the southern boundary of the Indo-Aryan territory.
• Rigveda does not mention the Narmada river
Mahajanpadas Period
• The Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya which gives the names of the 16 mahajanapadas, names
three from central India—Avanti, Chedi and Vatsa.
• The Pali language Buddhist works mention several important cities in central India, including
Ujjaini. Vidisha and Mahishmati (Maheshwar).
1. Chedi Mahajanpada
• Eastern part of modern Bundelkhand and nearby area comes under Chedi Mahajanpada.
• Its capital was Shaktimati.
• At Mahabharata period its ruler was Shishupal.
• Chetak Jatak contains information about the king.
2. Avanti Mahajanpada
• Avanti Mahajanpada falls in modern day Malwa region [near Ujjain]
• Vaitravati River divides it in north Avanti and south Avanti.
• Ujjani was capital of north Avanti and Mahishmati [maheshwar] was capital of south Avanti.
• According to ancient texts, Avanti was ruled successively by the Haihaya dynasty, the Vitihotra
dynasty (a branch of the Haihayas) and the Pradyota dynasty. Under the Pradyotas, Avanti
became a major power of the Indian subcontinent.
• Avanti was later annexed into the Magadha empire by the Shishunag dynasty. The Shishunaga
dynasty was overthrown by the Nandas, who were replaced by the Mauryans.

3. The Haihayas of Mahishmati
• According to Puranic accounts, the Haihayas were the earliest rulers of Avanti, who captured
the region from the Nagas. Initially, they ruled from Mahishmati.
• Later, the whole janapada was divided into two parts with their respective capitals. The
Haihayas were a confederation of five clans. Later, the Haihayas were better known by their
dominant clan, the Vitihotras. Ripunjaya, the last Vitihotra ruler of Ujjayini was overthrown
by his a ma tya (minister) Pulika, who placed his son, Pradyota on the throne.
4. Pradyota Dynasty
• Pradyota was a contemporary of Gautama Buddha. He was also known as Chandapradyota
Mahasena. Most serious rival of Avanti was Magadha. So Chanda Pradyot fought against
Bimbisara but later the two became friends. When Pradyot suffered from jaundice, he
requested Bimbisara to send his royal physician—Jivaka to Ujjain.
• Pradyot was a contemporary of both Mahavira and Buddha. Pradyot patronized Buddhism
and as a result, Avanti was a center for Buddhist activates during this time (though both
religions claim Pradyot as their supporter and devotee).
• The last successor of Pradyot was defeated by Shishunaga, the king of Magadha and Avanti
became a part of the Magadhan empire.
Nanda and Mauryan Dynasty

• Capital of Haihaiyas, Mahishmati had been captured by Mahapadmananda.
• Chandragupta Maurya [323 – 298 BC] had defeated Nandas and formed huge Mauryan
Empire. Madhya Pradesh had been part of this empire.
• During the reign of second ruler of Mauryan Empire, emperor Bindusar [298 – 272 BC],
viceroy of Avanti region was Ashok.
• Avanti was named by Udayi [Udayan].
1. Ashoka
• Ashoka [273 – 232BC] married daughter of merchant of Vidisha [Bhilsa].
• King Ashoka's wife name was Mahadevi (princess of Vidisha).
• Ashoka adopted Buddhism and got several stupas made at Sanchi, Vidisha, Bhojpur, Bharhut,
etc.
• Ashoka built huge stupa in Ujjain for Vaishyaputri queen.
• The Sanchi Stupa is the most magnificient. He built 84000 stupas in Sanchi to spread
Buddhism. Stupas were also built in modern Vidisha, Satdhara, Sunami, Andher, Bhojpur,
Rupnath [Jabalpur] and Pangudainya [Sehore].
• Ashoka had built a stupa in Bharhut [Satna].
• Mahishmati was among the center to produce cotton clothes.

2. Stone inscriptions of Ashokan Era found in Madhya Pradesh are :
• Gurjarra [Datia] (With Ashoka’s Name)
• Pangurariya [Sehore]; (With Ashoka’s Name)
• Roopnath [Jabalpur, Sehore Tehsil],
• Saro Maro [Shahdol],
Shunga Dynasty
• At the time of Pushyamitra Shunga, his son Agnimitra was the Magadhan viceroy at Vidisha.
• Kalidas started his career from the court of Agnimitra where he wrote his first title
Malvikagnimitram (a drama on the love story of Agnimitra and Malvika).
• It was during Shungas that the Greek ambassador Heliodorus visited the court of Shung King
Bhagbhadra.
Bactrian, Sakas, and Kushan Era

• Bactrian, Saka and Kushan coins have been found at several places in MP
• Minander's coins have been found at Balaghat.
• Saka ruler Nehpan's coins from Shivpuri
• Kujul Kadphises coin was found in Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh.
• Out of 757 coins of Kushan rulers of Shahdol, 44 coins belonged to Vima Kadphises.
• The Sakas created a Kshtrap system of governance
Gupta Period
• It was established by Srigupta.
• Chandragupta, a dynamic ruler of Gupta Dynasty, has spread its kingdom till parts of Madhya
Pradesh adjoining Allahabad.
• Samudragupta extended his empire to all parts of Madhya Pradesh and northern region of
Narmada.
• Chandragupta II/Vikramaditya defeated the Sakas of Ujjain and conquered Malwa. He made
Ujjain his capital where he gave patronage to the navratnas :
1. Kalidas
2. Vetalbhatta,
3. Varahamihir,
4. Dhanvantri,
5. Amarsimha,
6. Vararuchi,
7. Ghatkar,
8. Harisena
9. Kahapanaka.

1. Bagh Caves
• The rock-cut temples at Bagh Caves (Dhar district) attest to the presence of the Gupta
dynasty in the region.
• Cave of Bagh was discovered by Dangerfield in 1818.
• Cave has nine paintings of Gupta period, out of which fourth and fifth painting is most secure.
• These caves were established by Buddhist monks, Dataka.
• These caves are surrounded by paintings, similar to Ajanta caves.
2. Architecture of Gupta era:

a) Shiva temple of Bhumara [Satna district] is made of iron.
b) Vishnu temple of Pipariya [Satna district in Uchhara near Pipariya], discovered in 1886 by
K.D. Vajpayee.
c) Parvati temple of Nachna Kuthar [near Ajaigarh, Panna district], is built around a circular
platform of 35 feet.
d) Vishnu temple of Tigawva [Jabalpur district]. Sanctorum diameter is around 8 feet.
e) Vishnu temple of Eran [Sagar district], is in ruins.

MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF MP
In 528, Vasodharman of Malwa defeated the Hunas, who had invaded India from the north-west
and ended their expansion. In this way, Malwa reemerged from the disintegrating Gupta Empire
as a separate kingdom.
Pushyabhuti Dynasty
• During the seventh century, the region was conquered by King Harsha from Thaneshwar. He
reunited northern India for a few decades before his death in 647.
Gurjara Pratihara of Kannauj

• Gurjara – Pratihara rule was established in Malwa, ruled by Vatsaraj.
• They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj. The Gurjara-Pratiharas prevented the Arabs
from moving east of the Indus River.
• The Gurjara—Pratiharas became the most powerful dynasty in northern India under
Nagabhata II. Nagabhata's grandson was Mihira Bhoja.
• Mihir Bhoj [836 – 882 AD] ruled over Malwa and his objective was to re-establish control over
Bundelkhand, which was captured by Rashtrakuta rulers.
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
• In 786, the region was captured by the south Indian dynasty—Rashtrakuta kings of the
Deccan. This period saw the triangular struggle for power between Pal-Pratihara-
Rashtrakutas.
• From 7th to 10th century, Rashtrakuta dynasty had two branches: First ruled over Baitul -
Amaravati region and second ruled over Manyakhat.
• Dantidurg attacked Ujjain and defeated Gurjara king. He made a large part of Madhya Pradesh
his empire.
• The Rashtrakutas appointed the Rajput clan of Paramara rulers as governors of Malwa. So
the medieval period saw the rise of the rajputs such as the Parmars of Malwa and the
Chandels of Bundelkhand
Parmara Dynasty
• Dynasty was founded by Upendra or Krishnaraj
• First independent leader of Parmara dynasty was Shreeharsh Siyak – II. Around 972 CE, Siyaka
(Sri Harsha) sacked the Rashtrakuta capital Manyakheta, and established the Paramaras as a
sovereign power
• His successor Vakpati Munja was the first powerful leader. He constructed Munja Sagar in
Dhar. During the reign of Vakpati Munja, the Malwa region in present-day Madhya
Pradesh had become the core Paramara territory, with Dhara (now Dhar) as their capital.

• The most well known king of this dynasty was King Bhoj (1010 to 1060) . The dynasty reached
its zenith under Munja's nephew Bhoja, whose kingdom extended from Chittor in the north
to Konkan in the south, and from the Sabarmati River in the west to Vidisha in the east.
• Under his rule Malwa became an intellectual center of India. His successors ruled until about
1305, when Malwa was conquered by the Delhi Sultanate.
• Kingdom of Bhoj included Malwa, Konkan, Khandesh, Bhilsa, Dungarpur, Banswada, Chittod
and Godavari coast area.
• King Bhoj was also known as ‘Kaviraj’ as he was very intelligent. He was a great polymath
philosopher-king of medieval India; his extensive writings cover philosophy, poetry, medicine,
veterinary science, phonetics, yoga, and archery.
• He built Saraswati temple in Dhar. Also built Bhojpur town and a lake named Bhojsen.
• Bhopal [Bhojpal] was named after King Bhoj.
• Iltutmish won over Vidisha in 1223 AD and looted Ujjain.
• Mahakaldev was last ruler of Parmara Dynasty, who ruled Malwa in 1305 AD.
Chandel Dynasty (Chandels of Jejakbhukti)

• Chandel were earlier administrators of Parihara rulers.
• Nannuk was founder of Chandel royal family, he made Khajuraho as his capital.
• Yashovaram [925 – 950 AD], was son of Harsh. During his rule, Chandel dynasty reached its
highest peak. His kingdom was spread till Ganga and Yamuna after defeating Kalinjar.
• They built Chaturbhuj temple dedicated to lord Vishnu and Kandariya Mahadev Temple.
• Chaturbhuj temple is the only temple built in Chandelas without any erotic sculptures.
CHANDELA DYNASTY CHRONOLOGY

RULER RULING PERIOD DESCRIPTION
Founder of Chandela dynasty. Ruler of Khajuravatika,
Nanuka 835 - 845 CE
fuedatory of Gujara-Pratihara
Vakpati 845 - 865 CE Ruler of Khajuravatika, fuedatory of Gujara-Pratihara
Shri Harshadev 905 - 925 CE Ruler of Jijakbhukti, fuedatory of Gujara-Pratihara
Yashovarman 925 - 950 CE Independent King of Jijakbhukti.
Dhangadeva 950 - 999 CE Independent King of Jijakbhukti.
Gandadeva 999 - 1002 CE Independent King of Jijakbhukti.
Vidyadhara 1003 - 1035 CE Independent King of Jijakbhukti.
Madanavarman 1128 - 1165 CE Ruler of Mahoba.
Yahsovarman-II 1164 - 1165 CE Very short period ruler of Jejakbhukti region.
Bhojavarman 1285 - 1288 CE Week ruler of Jejakbhukti region.
Viravarman 1315 CE Reduced to local chief

Kalchuri Dynasty [550 – 1740 AD]
Kalchuri of Mahishmati and Kalchuri of Tripuri were two branches of this dynasty.
1. Kalchuri of Mahishmati
• Its capital was Mahishmati.
• First ruler was Krishanraja [550 – 575 AD], later Shankargad and Budhharaj.
2. Kalchuri of Tripuri
• Its capital was Tripuri.
• The Kalachuris of Tripuri (or the Kalachuris of Chedi) were a central Indian dynasty during
ninth to twelfth centuries.
• They ruled the historical Chedi region (also known as Dahala-mandala), from their capital
Tripuri (present-day Tewar near Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh).
• The Kalachuris of Tripuri fought several battles against the Chandelas of Jejakabhukti, and
later had matrimonial alliances with them.
DELHI SULTANATE RULE [1206 to 1526 AD]

• Dilawar Khan Ghuri was the founder of Malwa Sultanate. He was initially the governor of
Delhi Sultanate in Malwa but asserted his independence in 1392.
• The capital was shifted from Dhar to Mandu which was renamed Shadiabad (the city of joy).
• After his death, he was succeeded by his son Alp Khan, who assumed the title of Hoshang
Shah. (Hoshang Shah's Tomb is at Mandu).
• The Ghuri dynasty founded by Dilawar Khan Ghuri was replaced by the Khalji dynasty founded
by Mahmud Shah I.
1. Slave Dynasty [1206 – 1290 AD]

• Iltutmish in 1231 AD had attacked Gwalior fort and won it.
2. Khilji Dynasty [1290 – 1320 AD]

• Jalaluddin attacked Mandu and after looting, had gone back to Delhi.
• In 1295 AD, he came to Gwalior for hunting and built a rest house for visitors stay.
• In 1305 AD, Allauddin Khilji sent Multan’s Subedar, Ain-ul-mulk to Malwa for attack.
• He killed Mahkaldev [Malwa king] and his son and captured Ujjain, Dharnagri and Chanderi.
• He appointed Ain-ul-mulk Multani as Subedar of Malwa.
3. Tughlaq Dynasty [1320 – 1414 AD] and Sayyad Dynasty [1414 - 1450 AD]
• Large part of MP like Vindhya Pradesh, Malwa and Bundelkhand were under Tughlaqs.
• When Narsimha became Gwalior ruler, Delhi influence over MP parts get reduced.
• He attacked Malwa with Muzaffar Shah [Gujarat ruler], for this he was imprisoned. After
mutiny in Malwa, Muzaffar Shah sent Hussain Shah and made Mandu his capital.

4. Lodi Dynasty [1451 – 1526 AD]
• Bahlol Lodi attacked Gwalior and won.
• Gwalior ruler Mansingh gave 30 lakh taka to Bahlol.
• Bahlot fell sick while returning from Gwalior and died near Jamil in 1489 AD.
• Ibrahim Lodi defeated Gwalior’s ruler Vikramjeet and ruled. However he was not able to win
Malwa.
Sher Shah II
• Shah II surrendered to Bahadur Shah, the sultan of Gujarat after the fort of Mandu fell to
Bahadur in 1531.
• In 1542, Sher Shah Suri conquered the kingdom and appointed Shujaat Khan as the governor.
His son, Baz Bahadur declared himself independent in 1555. In 1561, Akbar's army led by
Adham Khan and Pir Muhammad Khan attacked Malwa and defeated Baz Bahadur in the
battle of Sarangpur.
Mughal Era [1526 – 1858 AD]

• Tatar khan became independent ruler of Gwalior region.
• On 19 Jan 1528 AD, Babar defeated Medanirai (Malwa Subedar) and takes control over
Chanderi. Gwalior also became part of his empire.
• Babar’s son Humayun became Mughal emperor. During that time, Bahadur Shah became
independent and established control over Malwa.
• Again Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah and ruled over Malwa and area located west of
Bundelkhand.
• Humayun attacked Kalinjer, king Chandel surrendered.
• In 1542 AD, Shershah attacked Malwa and controlled Raisen fort. At the same time he
attacked Kalinjer and defeated Madhukar Shah.
• Shershah last campaign was Kalinjer campaign. Karit Singh (kalinjer Ruler, 1545 AD) defied
Shershah’s order and gave refuge to Veerbhan Singh Baghel (Rewa Ruler).
• At the time of Akbar rule, Bajbahadur [Malwa ruler] tried to become independent.
• Emperor Akbar (1556-1605) brought most of Madhya Pradesh under Mughal rule.
• In 1561 AD, Akbar sent Adham Khan Pir Mohammad and established control over Malwa.
• On 29 March 1561 AD, Mughal forces establishes control over Malwa’s capital Sarangpur.
• In 1564 AD, Akbar sent Asaf Khan to win Gondwana queen Durgawati was ruling Gondwana
as caretaker for her younger son Vir Narayan. She fought bravely but both mother and son
died in war.
• After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1707 Mughal control began to weaken,
and the Marathas began to expand their influence.

Maratha Era
• Between 1720 and 1760 the Marathas took control of most of Madhya Pradesh, and Maratha
clans were established semi-autonomous states under the nominal control of the Maratha
Peshwa.
• The Holkars of Indore ruled much of Malwa, and the Bhonsles of Nagpur dominated
Mahakoshal and Gondwana.
• Pawars ruled Dewas and Dhar, Scindias ruled much of the northern parts of the state.
• Jhansi was founded by a Maratha general.
• Bhopal was ruled by a Muslim dynasty descended from the Afghan General Dost Mohammed
Khan. Bajirao first [1720 – 1740 AD] first time attacked Malwa in 1722 AD. In 1724 and 1728
he again attacked Malwa, and defeated Nizam in the attack on Bhopal.
• Treaty of Durai, a truce was declared between Bajirao first and Nizam in 1738. According to
it, entire Malwa region and land between Narmada and Chambal was supposed to be given
to Bajirao.
• There was a truce between Mughal ruler and Peshwa which was brokened by Jaisingh in July
1741 AD. Malwa region was handed over to the Peshwas, Malwa was ruled by Marathas for
the first time.
• Chhatrasal [Bundelkhand administrator], in 1728 AD sought Bajirao’s help in fighting
Mohammad shah Bangas, Afghan ruler. Bajirao helped him in 1729. After victory, Chhatrasal
gifted half of Bundelkhand to Bajirao.
• In 1761, The Third Battle of Panipat brought an end to the Maratha expansion (when the
Marathas fought against Afghan invader Abdali). Neither the Afghans nor the Marathas
benefitted much from this battle.
• After defeat, Scindias and Holkars became independent rulers in north India.
GWALIOR STATE
• Gwalior State was a princely state during the British Raj.
• It was ruled by the Scindia dynasty of the Marathas in subsidiary alliance with the British. The
state was founded in the early eighteenth century by RanojiScindia, an influential Maratha
sardar. Under Mahadji Scindia (1761-1794) Gwalior State became a leading power in northern
India, and dominated the affairs of the confederacy.
• After the defeat of the Marathas in the Anglo-Maratha wars, the state came under British
suzerainity. Gwalior was the largest state in the Central India Agency, under the political
supervision of a Resident at Gwalior. In 1936, the Gwalior residency was separated from the
Central India Agency, and made answerable directly to the Governor-General of India. After
Independence in 1947, the Sindhia rulers acceded to the new Union of India, and Gwalior state
was absorbed into the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat.

Some of the prominent rulers of Gwalior state were
• Ranojirao Scindia (1731-1745)
• Mahadji Scindia/Madhavrao I (1768-1794)
• Daulat Rao Scindia (1794-1827)
• Jankojirao II Scindia (1827-1843)
• Madhav Rao II Scindia (1886-1925)
• Jivajirao Scindia (1925-1948)
BHOPAL STATE
• Bhopal State was an independent state of the eighteenth century India. From 1818 to 1947 it
was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India, and an independent state from
1947 to 1949.
• The state was founded by Dost Mohammad Khan, an Afghan soldier in the Mughal army. He
took advantage of the disintegrating Mughal empire and annexed several territories.
• For instance, he usurped the Rajput principality of Mangalgarh and the Gond kingdom of Rani
Kamlapati, after the death of their female rulers.
• He established his capital at Jagdishpur, 10 km from Bhopal and later renamed it as
Islamnagar.
• During the early 1720s, Khan fortified the city of Bhopal and assumed the title of Nawab.
• In 1723, Bhopal came under the suzerainty of the Nizam of Hyderabad. In 1737, Marathas
defeated the Mughals and the Nawab of Bhopal in the Battle of Bhopal, and started collecting
tribute from the state. In 1818, Bhopal became a British princely state after the defeat of the
Marathas in the Third Anglo-Maratha war. The state was finally merged into the Union of
India in 1949 as Bhopal.
The Rule of The Begums

• Between 1819 and 1926, Bhopal state was ruled by four women-Begums—unique in the
royalty of those days.
• In 1819, the 18-year-old Qudsia Begum (also known as Gohar Begum) took over the reins after
the assassination of her husband.
• Qudsia Begum was the first woman ruler, who was succeeded by her only daughter Sikandar
Begum, who in turn was succeeded by her only daughter, Shah Jahan Begum.
• Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum was the last woman ruler, who after 25 years of rule,
abdicated in favor of her son, Hamidullah Khan.

1. Qudsia Begum (1819-1844)
• In 1819, 18-year-old Qudsia Begum (also known as Gohar Begum) took over the reins after
the assassination of her husband.
• She was the first female ruler of Bhopal.
• She built the Jama Masjid (mosque) and her beautiful palace the `Gohar Mahal' (also called
Nazar Bagh) in Bhopal.
2. Sikander Jahan Begum (1844-1868)

• In 1844, Sikander Begum succeeded her mother as the ruler of Bhopal.
• During the Revolt of 1857, she sided with the British and crushed all those who revolted
against them. She also built the Moti Masjid and Moti Mahal.
3. Shah Jahan Begum (1868-1901)

• Shah Jahan Begum was quite passionate about architecture, very much like the Mughal
emperor Shah Jahan.
• She built a vast mini-city, called Shahjahanabad after her.
4. Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum (1901-1930)

• She further advanced the emancipation of women and established a modern municipality in
1903.
• She had her own palace Sadar Manzil (the present headquarters of Bhopal Municipal
Corporation).
5. Nawab Hamidullah Khan

• Sultan Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum's son, Nawab Hamidullah Khan, ascended the throne in
1926.
• He was Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes.

Notes

Contribution of Madhya
Pradesh in Freedom Movement
MPPSCADDA
2. CONTRIBUTION OF MADHYA PRADESH IN
FREEDOM MOVEMENT
MODERN HISTORY OF MP
• British defeated Peshwas, Holkars, Scindia and Bhonsles in first, second, third and fourth
battles. Anglo Maratha Wars
• In 1804, British Governor General Lord Wellesley and Scindia signed a treaty.
• On 3 June 1857, foot soldiers and horse riding divisions revolted and set bungalows in camp
on fire. There were armed revolts against British in Mandsaur, Mahidpur, Shivpuri, Guna,
Indore, Dhar, Mahu, Amjhera, Gwalior, etc.
• On 14 June 1857, soldiers in Murar camp near Gwalior destroyed communication system
between Gwalior and Shivpuri.
• On 18 June, 1857, King Shankarshah, Raghunathshah and Vijay Raghavgadh raised a banner
of revolt in Mahakaushal region.
• In Ramgad [Mandla district], Avanti Bai led a revolt.
• On 1 July, 1857, in Indore; residency bungalow was attacked by soldiers under the leadership
of Shadat khan and Bhagirat Silawat.
• On 23 July 1857, revolt spread in Amjhera, Sardarpur and Bhopawar. An armed assault was
made to Britishers in leadership of Rana Bakhtawar Singh.
• Bhima ruler occupied Mandaleshwar, Sendhwa and Badwani.
• Four Baghela Sardars of Bundelkhand, Ranmat Singh, Shyam Singh, Dhir Singh and Punjab
Singh raised a banner of revolt and fought for long time.
Personalities
• Jawahar Singh Bundela of Chandrapur (Sagar)
• Tatya Tope and Nana Saheb—their messengers moved from place to place across
the cities of Gwalior, Mhow, Neemuch, Mandsaur, Jabalpur, Sagar, Bhopal, etc., and
spread the message of nationalism.
• Saadat Khan led the revolt at Mhow cantonment
• Rao Bakhtiyar Singh (of Amjhera) also revolted
• Bhima Nayak led revolt at Mandaleshwar, Sendhwa and Barwani
• Rani Avantibai (of Ramgarh state in Mandla) also revolted. Girdhari Bai (bodyguard)
extended support.
• Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah (of Gadhmandla) revolted
• King Surajprasad (of Raghavgarh in Mahakaushal) revolted
• Rani Laxmibai revolted in Jhansi-Kalpi. Jhalkaari Bai (Rani's bodyguard) extended
full support

• 1905: First conference of Congress, organized by Dadasaheb Khapde in Nagpur 1905.
• 1906: Regional conference was organized by Gangadhar Chitins [1906] in Jabalpur.
• Seth Govind Das and Pt Dwarika Prasad Mishra led a march at mausoleum of Rani Durgawati,
21 kms from Jabalpur.
• In 1923 at Jabalpur, Jhanda Satyagraha was organized
• In 1930, during Civil Disobedience Movement, march was organized from Rani Durgavati's
cemetery at Jabalpur and various places were covered such as Khandwa, Sehore, Jabalpur,
etc.
• In Seoni, Durgashankar Mehta broke salt law by making salt at Gandhi Chowk and started
satyagraha protest
• In 1930, Seoni (Duriya) tribals organized forests satyagraha
• Adivasis from Seoni, Turia and Ghoda Dongri [Betul] started Van Satyagrah in 1930.
• At GhoraDongri, Rajan Singh Korku led forest satyagraha
• 8 April 1931, Civil Disobedience agitation started in Sehore, Katni, Mandla and Damoh.
• 1931, at Chhatarpur (Charan Paduka village), Colonel Fischer opened fire at a peaceful,
meeting of freedom fighters. Six persons were killed. This event was compared with the
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (19 . April 1919, Amritsar, General Dyer)
• 1939, first individual satyagrahi was Vinoba Bhave from Jabalpur
• 1939, Tripuri [near Jabalpur] conference, Subhash Chandra Bose become Congress president
after defeating Pattabhi Sittaramaya.
• 1942, Quit India Movement commenced in Vidisha and Gwalior princely states. ‘Do or Die’
agitation spread up to Hoshangabad, Gadarwara and Piparia and eventually to entire Madhya
Pradesh.
• British flags ‘Union Jack’ were burnt in Jhabua and Dhar districts.
Important Events in MP during National Movement

1. Jhanda Satyagraha
• In March 1923. in Jabalpur, local officials got involved in a dispute regarding hosting
of the tricolor.
• The dispute started when on 8 March 1923, Congress members were hoisting the
tricolor on the Municipality building but the British Deputy Commissioner ordered the
tricolor to be pulled down.
• Congress members started satyagraha to protest against official restriction. The
protest was led by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Pandit Sundarlal Sharma and Nathuram
Modi.
• The satyagrahis were prosecuted in a legal case after which center of jhanda
satyagraha shifted to Nagpur. Subhdnadra Kumari Chauhan and her husband Laxman
Singh were sent to Nagpur.

• On 18 August 1923, British officials allowed volunteers to carry out procession with
the tricolor. This procession was led by Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Vallabh Bhai Patel and
Babu Rajendra Prasad.
2. Jungle Satyagraha
• In 1930, in Ghora-Dogri (Betul) region, tribals sat on satyagraha protest. It was led by
leaders like DP Mishra, Lalaram Vajpayee and others. Jungle satyagraha took its
motivation from Mahatma Gandhi's salt satyagraha.
• During the protest, tribals of Ghora-Dogri region came out of the jungle with lathis in
hand and blankets on shoulders. They were led by Gunjan Singh Korku.
• Spread of the movement included jungles of Betul, Chhindwara, Orchha. Seoni,
Harda, Turiya, BnajariDhaal and Ghunghati.
3. Charanpaduka Massacre
• On 14 January 1931, on Makar Sankranti day, in Chhatarpur district, an assembly was
organized at SinghpurCharanpaduka Ground situated on the bank of river Urmila.
British forces cornered the assembly and opened fire killing 21 persons and injuring
26 others.
• This massacre is termed as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of MP.
• The massacre further ignited people's aggression in entire Bundelkhand against
British rule. In 1939. Bundelkahnd Congress committee was set up and Ram Sahay
Tiwari was elected its President.
4. Punjab Mail Murder Case
• On 23-24 July 1931, VirYashvant Singh, Devnarayan Tiwari and Dalpat Rao attacked
and killed Haxel at Khandwa railway station. In the court case that ensued, Singh and
Tiwari were hanged to death, while Rao was sent to Kalapani.
5. Sohabal Massacre
• On 19 July 1938, in SohavalRiyasat in Hinauta village (district Satna), an assembly was
planned to be organized under the leadership of Lal Buddha Pratap Singh. However,
even before the assembly could be held, Singh and some of his men were shot dead
by British officials near Majan village. This incident is also known as Majan shooting
case.
6. Tripuri Congress
• On 29 January 1939, 52nd Congress Session was held at Tripuri. In this session, Subhas
Chandra Bose was elected Congress President after he defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya
by 203 votes.

Major Tribes of
Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
3. MAJOR TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH
• According to 2011 census the percentage of tribal population in India is 8.6%. The
praiseworthy fact is that their Sex Ratio is 984 which is better than the state and national
average
• In the state of MP, the percentage of tribal population is 21.1%. The distribution of the tribal
population is from Narmada River in the north to the Godavari River in the south east, with the
tribal people occupying mainly the slopes of mountainous regions.
• Maximum number of tribes in India, live in MP [46 tribes].

• Tribal population [2011 Census – 15316784, 21.1% of total population of MP]
• Schedule caste population is 11342320 [15.6% of total population of MP]
• “Aadivasi” term – first time used by Thakkar Bappa [pioneer of Tribal Dev Program].
• Tribal Sub-plan – Fifth Five Year Plan [1974 – 75]
• Tribal areas in MP – 31 [under Tribal Sub-plan]
• MP Tribal Research and Development Institute at BHOPAL.
• Vanya publication was founded in the year 1980, as a welfare undertaking of the Government
of MP, Department of Tribal, Scheduled Caste and Other Backward Classes. Vanya has been
registered by the Madhya Pradesh Firms and Societies. MP, Bhopal.
Geographical Distribution
• In the North-Eastern region of our state (which includes districts of Shandol, Sidhi, Jabalpur,
Rewa and Satna), there is a major concentration of tribal population particularly of Kol, Mudiya,
Agariya, Panika and Khairwar tribes. Kol is the major tribe in this area.
• In the Western region of our state (which includes Khandwa, Khargone, Jhabua, Ratlam and
Dhar), there is a major concentration of Bhil population.
• When will look into Southern region of our state (which includes districts of Mandla, Balaghat,
Seoni, Chhindwara, Betul and Hoshangabad), there is a major concentration of Baiga, Gond,
Bharia and Madia tribes.
• Three tribes of Madhya Pradesh Baiga, Bhariya and Sahariya have been declared specific
backward tribes by the Government of India

MAIN TRIBES of MP
• Largest Tribe of MP
• Sub Tribes – Bhilala, Patlia, Barela, Rathya
• Location – Jhabua, Dhar, Alirajpur, Badwani, Khargon,
Burhanpur, Ratlam and Neemuch.
• Festivals – Bhagoriya, Jatara, Narvani.
• Gol Gadhedo Utsav is related to Bhil tribe.
• Bow and arrow are the traditional weapon of Bhils and their
houses are called Ku.
• The term Bhil is derived from the word Villus or Billu which in
1. Bhil Tribe dravidian language means bow.
• Bhils are popularly known as the bow men of Rajasthan. Their
chief deity is Lord Shiva or Mahadev.
• The social organization of Bhils is village based and the place
where they live is known as Falya.
• Marriage by kidnapping is also seen in Bhil tribe.
• The Bhagoria tradition of Bhils is very famous which is organized
every year before Holi in kartik.
• Tadi is the famous drink of Bhil tribe.
•
• Second Largest tribe of MP [India’s largest tribe is Gond]

• Location – Banks of Narmada river and Vindhya and Satpura
ranges
• Districts – Betul, Hoshangabad, Chindwara, Shahdol, Mandla,
Balaghat, Damoh, Dhindori
• Sub Tribes – Pardhan, Agaria, Ojha, Solahas, Nagarchi.
• Main Deities – Thakur Deo, Dulha Deo, Narayan Deo, Budhi
Mai, Khair Mata.
• Folk Dance – Karma, Saila, Sua, Haridili, Special – Madai Fair,
Dudh Lautawa, “Khehul Pata” death anthem
• ABUJMADIYA are the most ancient Gonds.
2. Gond Tribe • Chief economic activity of Gonds is agriculture.
• Festival of Gonds- Madhai
• Marriage traditions of Gonds include-Pathauni, Lamsena and
Chaudh vivah.
• Gond death song is `Kheul Pata'.
• Gonds believe in souls and spirits
• The word Gond has been derived from the word Khonda which
is of Telugu origin which literally means hill and thus Gonds are
inhabitants of hilly region.
• Ghotul tradition which is more prevalent in Mudiyas is also
practiced by Gonds.

• Third largest tribe of MP
• Location – Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, Sidhi
• Sub Tribes – Binjhwar,Bharotia, Ramaina, Nahar,
Narotia, Kathmaina
• Extremely backward tribe and lives in forest
3. Baiga Tribe • Main Deity – Budha Deo
• Folk Dance – Karma, Bilma, Pardhauni, Gendi
• Veyvar – Jhum cultivation
• Jhumming cultivation is practiced in Baiga tribe and is also
known as pondu or veyvar.
• Main tribe of Austric race

• Location – Rewa and Jabalpur division (Rewa Satna Shahol Sidhi)
• Sub tribe – Shaitiya, Rautel and Rautia
4. Kol Tribe • Gohia – Panchayat of Kol
• Dialect – Munda, Bagheli
• Folk dance – Koldahka
• Gohiya panchayat is related to Kol tribe and their chief is called
Cahudhary.
• Sahariya tribe is the sub tribe of Bhils.

• Declared special backward tribe of MP
• Sahariyas are mainly concentrated in north-west region of
state. They live mainly in patterns in a row called `Sahrana'.
• Location – North western MP regions like Gwailor, Shivpuri,
Morena, Bhind, Guna
• They are tribe of kolerian family
5. Sahariya Tribe
• They celebrate Hindu festivals
• Occupation – Agriculture laborers
• Term `Sahariya' is derived from `Sa' and `Hariya' which means
with lion.
• Sahariya tribe people are experts in Herbs and shrubs which
they collect from forest and sell them and it is their chief
economic activity. They worship Hindu Gods.
• Branch of Munda or Kolerian race

• Location – Hoshangabad, Chhindwara, Betul, Harda, Burhanpur
etc
6. Korku Tribe
• Sub Tribes – Dularia, Rum, Bobal, Patharia
• Main Deities – Dulha Deo, Budha Deo
• Lachaka – Liquid Meal Of Korku Tribe

• Extremely backward tribe
• Location – Chhindwara, Seoni, Jabalpur, Balaghat,
Betul, Hoshagabad etc.
• Bhariya (Dravidian) tribe are the inhabitants of Patalkot
7. Bharia Tribe • Famous Place- Patlkot [Chhindwara]
• Origin – Raja Karnadeo, King Of Baghelkhand
• Main Office Bearers – Mumka, Parihar, Kotwar Etc.
• Main Deities – Dhula Deo, Budha Deo, Bhimsen, Nag Deo etc
• The vernacular or language of Bharia tribe is Bharnoti.
• Most primitive tribe of MP thus considered Special Backward

Tribe
• Location – Dindori, Mandla, Balaghat, Shahdol, Sidhi
8. Agaria Tribe
• Special Achievement – Invention of iron
• Folk Dance – Karma, Shaila, Chilma
• Main Deities - Thakur Deo, Shitla Mata, Dhula Deo, Budha Deo
• Location – Sehore, Raisen

9. Pardhi
• Sub Tribes – Gosai, Cheeta, Shishi, Phans
10. Khairwar • Location: Sidhi, Shahdol, Panna, Chhatarpur
Tribal Dance of MADHYA PRADESH
• Tribe / Area – Gond, Baiga, Kumhar, Kanwar, Virhor etc.

[Mandla Madhya Pradesh]
• Performed in Bihar, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh too
• Occasion – In the month after performing pooja of karma tree.
• Dance style – Expression of every activity of life along with the
1. Karma Dance
love between men and women
• Instrument – Mandal
• Specialty – Several variations like Karma Ke Jhar Lahaki,
Jhoomar Langada, Thada, Types Karam, Khari, Khay, Jhulni,
Lahaki

• Tribe/Area – Gond, Baiga, Pardhan
• Occasion – Starts after sharad purnima in the moonlit nights
• Dance style – the name Salia comes because men and women
2. Salia Dance hold Parak / stick in hand while dancing. This dance of youths
expresses joy and happiness
• Specialty – Men And Women take equal parts
• Tribe/ Area – Baiga

• Occasion – at the time of arrival of marriage processions
[Barat]
3. Pardhoni • Dance style – An elephant is made of cot, winnowing basket
dance [Soop], mattresses, etc, the father in law sits astride it and
dance is performed on the tunes of songs
• Instrument – Naker [Nagada] and Timki
• Specialty – Bride Walks In Front Of The Elephant
• Tribe/Area - Gonds and Baiga

• Occasion - on Dussera
• Dance style – young men and women of a village form groups
4. Bilma Dance
and visit other village to dance. Unmarried girls get decked up
and participate in the dance. They select the spouse while
dancing
• Tribe/ Area – Gond and Baiga

• Occasion – on Holi
5. Faag Dance • Dance style – young and old adivasis participate in the dance
enthusiastically. One or two persons entertain wearing
wooden masks and holding wooden sparrows.
• Tribe/Area – Bhil [Jhabua, Alirajpur, Dhar, Barwani etc.]

• Occasion – on Holi
• Dance style – young women decked up in colourful clothes
and young women holding bow-arrow in hand dance rapidly
6. Bhagoriya
displaying the bravery and love in people of Bhil community
Dance
• Instrument – Drum [dhol], mandal, thali, timki
• Specialty – young men and women choose spouse for haran
vivah type of marriage through this dance

• Tribe/Area – Karku
• Occasion – In the month of vaishakh
• Dance style – Men and women both participate. Men hold
cotton towel [pancha] in hand and women play chatkora with
7. Thapti Dance
both hands while both dance
• Instrument – Drum [dholak] and flute[bansuri]
• Specialty – Besides thapti dance, korkus organized
dhandhal, chachari, fagati, dhadaya etc dances.
• It is also called Kolhai dance

• Tribe/area – Kol [Baghelkhand]
• Dance style – Male singers and singers as well as women
wearing simple dress sing and dance. The songs have
questions and answers. Male singers have to answer for the
8. Kol Dhaka
song raising question. Male singers dance in loud voice. The
dance
women dance and men play instruments.
• Instrument – 5-6 Drums [dhols] are played with intense
Cymbal [jhanj]
• Specialty – women move feet and fingers of hand at high
speed while dancing
• Tribe/area – Saharia [Gwalior division]

• Occasion – in the month of Shravan [ the day after
Rakshabandhan purnima on occasion of tejaji puja and on
ekadashi festival]
9. Lahangi Dance
• Dance style – in this group dance, women walk with gujariyas
• Instrument – Dholak
• Specialty – Carnival of gujariyas
• Tribe/Area – Sahariya Gwalior division

10. Dul Dul • Occasion – Festivals
Ghodi dance • Instrument – Dhol, Nakar, Zika
• Specialty – The dance original comes from Rajasthan
• Traditional Dance of Bharias [Patalkot, Chindwara]

11. Bharam • During Wedding
Sailam • Group dance by women
Dance • Instrument – Timki, Dholak, Mridang, Flute
• Other names – Gannu Sahi, Bharot, Angam

• Tribe – Korku
• Night of Jyeshth month Ashad
12. Atari dance
• Love songs
• Instrument – Dholak, Timki, Flute, Mridang
Important Awards for SC/ST
1. Sant Kabir Puraskar

• This award was started in the year 2009, by MP Tribal Welfare Department. The state
government gives away this award with the aim of recognizing the literary service and
contribution of SCs residing in the state.
2. Sant Ravidas Smriti Rajya Seva Puruskar

• This award was established in 2005. The award is given by the state government for the
service and contribution of individuals and social organizations working for the purpose
of development, welfare and social upliftment of SCs living in the state.
3. Shri Vishnu Kumar Anusuchit Jati Seva Samman

• Since the year 2010, this award has been instituted in the memory of founder of Seva
Bharti Shri Vishnu Kumar to honor individuals or voluntary organizations who have done
excellent work in the field of social service for the people of ST community.
National Commission For Scheduled Tribes

• The National Commission for schedule tribes is a constitutional body and has been established
under article 338-A of the Constitution. The separate National Commission for ST's came into
existence in the year 2004 and consists of a chairperson and vice chairperson along with three
other members. They are appointed by the President and their conditions of service and tenure
of office are also determined by the President.
Some of the functions of the Commission are:

• The commission investigates and monitors all the matters related to the constitutional and
other legal safeguards and also evaluates them.
• The commission inquires into the various complaints related to the deprivation of rights
and safeguards of the ST's.

• The commission also submits an annual report to the President who in turn places it before
the Parliament.
• The Central as well as State governments are required to consult the commission regarding
the policy matters related to the Scheduled Tribes.
• Note: The Ministry of Social Justice and empowerment coordinates all the affairs related to
the Scheduled Castes while the Ministry of Tribal Affairs works for the Scheduled Tribes.
Factual Takeaways
• Highest ST population is in Dhar district.
• Largest tribe of Madhya Pradesh is Bhil.
• The term Adivasi was first propounded by Thankkar Bappa.
• Every 13th person in India and every 5th person in MP is a tribal.
• Lowest percentage of ST population is in Bhind district.
• Lowest number of ST population in terms of number is also in Bhind district.
• Baiga, Bharia, Agaria and Saharia has been accorded special backward primitive tribes status
by central government.
• Verrier Elwin has written a book named 'The Baiga' on Baiga tribe.
• 'Paige' is a drink chiefly associated with Baiga tribe. It is also consumed by Bharia tribe.
• The first tribal radio that was started in Madhya Pradesh was Vanya in Chandrashekhar Azad
Nagar.
• MP Tribal Research and Development Institute is situated at Bhopal.
• Doodh Lautawa tradition of marriage is present in Gond tribe.
• Top three biggest Tribes of Madhya Pradesh are Bhil, Gond and Kol.
• Panika tribe is mainly Weavers caste or tribe and thus they are traditionally cloth
manufacturers, probably the first tribe to do so. In addition to weaving, agriculture is another
chief activity.
• Chief deities of Panikas include- Surya, Indra, Hanuman, Dulhadev, Budhimata, Marahaimata
and Hulkimai.
• People of Panika tribe are followers of Kabir.
• Dhanuk tribe is mainly found in Bhind, Morena, Ujjain, Ratlam, Jhabua, Indore and Satna.
They derive their name from the word `Dhanushk', meaning those who keep bow.
• Saur tribe is found in the region Sagar and Damoh. They worship Bhavani.

Notes

Important Tribal Personalities
of Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
4. IMPORTANT TRIBAL PERSONALITIES OF
MADHYA PRADESH
• The fire of the freedom struggle that took five hundred years in the whole country, which did not
allow humanism to become a place in this entire environment, remained a part of Indian
consciousness from the fifteenth century.
• The examples of the way the tribal warriors faced the attackers armed with foreign weapons and
weapons with spears, spears, arrows and command throughout this period.
• There will be hundreds of stories in which heroes, inspired by heroes from small places to small
places, do not let the evil intentions succeed easily.
1. Rani Durgawati , Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah

• The stories of Gondwana's queen Durgavati to King Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah of his
own dynasty are precious chapters in the great saga of the sacrifice of tribals in the freedom
struggle.
• The struggle of Rani Durgavati dates back to the sixteenth century and the struggle of Shankar
Shah-Raghunath Shah to the nineteenth century, which gives us evidence that the Indian
tribal consciousness fought its identity and honor century-by-century.
• DurgavatiMaravi (1524-1564) was a ruling Queen of Gondwana from 1550 until
1564. The name of her state was Gadhmandla and present day Jabalpur was the
center of her state. Her father, King Keerat Rai, was Rajput ruler of Chandel dynasty.
She was born in the famous Kalinjar fort in Banda, UP.
• She was married to Dalpat Shah, the eldest son of king Sangram Shah of Gond
Dynasty. This alliance between the Chandels and the Gonds was successful in
curbing the increasing power of Sher Shah Suri.
• In 1550, Dalpat Shah died leaving behind a young son named Vir Narayan. Rani took
the reigns of the Gond kingdom into her hands and ruled as the guardian of her son.
Rani's achievements further enhanced the glory of her ancestral tradition of
courage and patronage.
• Rani moved her capital to Chauragarh from Singaurgarh. Chauragarh was a fort of
strategic importance situated on the Satpura ranges. She was instrumental in
constructing various temples, dhramshalas, mathas and wells in her kingdom.
• In 1562, Akbar defeated Baz Bahadur and annexed Malwa. As a result, the borders
of Gond Kingdom now touched those of the Mughal empire.
• In the year 1983, the Government of Madhya Pradesh renamed the University of
Jabalpur as Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya in her memory.
2. Bhoi Tribal Community and Revolt

• In the challenges of the nineteenth century, many tribal patriots from Madhya Pradesh along
with Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and her associates Nana Saheb Peshwa and Tatya Tope
supported them.

• At the time when Tatya Tope used to appear and meditate almost like a miraculous man who
chewed the chickens to the British, it was a tough challenge to go through the Chhindwara
region and stay safe among the trusted patriots there.
• In this, the courageous youths of Bhoi community of Khas Tamia villages - Sahra Bhoi, Jhanka
Bhoi, Amaru Bhoi, Lotia Bhoi, Taparu Bhoi, Imrat Bhoi Kaundawala and Imrat Bhoi Saiyam
made the road to Tatya Tope easy.
• Not only this, these brave patriots used to work a lot for the Gond kings and their soldiers
who fought for the freedom struggle. Of these, Lotia Bhoi punished Jagirdar Bekhat Shah, who
met the British, for his actions.
• Sahra, Taparu and Imrat Bhoi Syam fought for the rescue of Jagirdar Mahavira Singh of
Harrakot, a refugee of Tatya Tope, who was found heroic.
3. Bundela Rebellions – Dhillon Shah

• During the Bundela Rebellion of 1842, the Cachars of Narmada and Gond Raja Dhillan Shah
of Madanpur of Narsinghpur district in Bundelkhand region, with their army, fought against
the British.
• Later the British resorted to forgiveness by putting pressure on the king.
• Dhillan Shah was not encouraged, when the rebellion of 1857, he again went with his army
with arms and fought the British, but this time the British defeated him.
• Dhillon Shah was martyred
4. Malguzar Devi Singh

• In Mahakaushal zone, Malguzar Devi Singh Gond of Nan Kauda combined his strength with
the soldiers of the 52nd Platoon of Jabalpur Cantonment and fought fiercely against the
British in the Battle of Putti. However, the English army numbered heavily on Devi Singh with
force and weapons. There was loss of life, soldiers were caught but Devi Singh escaped by
dodging the British.
5. King Mahipal Singh

• In the same way, King Mahipal Singh of Bhutgaon did not leave any stone unturned to
confront the British rule. Together with the rebel king of Vijayraghavgarh, he kept fighting,
dodging, absconding with the British and did not come into the hands of the British.
6. King Gangadhar of Mangadh

• King Gangadhar of Mangadh continued to push on the British in the same way, but the British
could catch him.
7. Shankar Shah
• The saga of valor of Shankar Shah and his son Raghunath Shah is well known in the tribal
uprising of Madhya Pradesh.

• After wandering across the country, they increased their power by the support of Rani
Lakshmibai and also received the weapons.
• Later they were sacrificed to death by a fraudster who was betrayed by the subjects of his
own faith. The British had sentenced them to fly with cannon.
8. Tantya Bhil
• Nimar region, like Mahakaushal, has not been untouched by the contributions of many great
brave patriots in history.
• In the revolution of 1857, Tantya Bhil was considered as divine and miraculous by people like
Ashwatthama and Robin Hood, who would appear where, when to become invisible, not
know how to live nor to confirm the death.
• Tantya Bhil was the messiah of the poor victims and miseries. Eleven years he took a front
against the British, running his rule.
• Tantya Bhils, also known as Tantya Mama, was also the nightmare for all those who were
moneylenders and landlords.
• Tantiya wanted to free India from the subjugation of the British and realize the Bhils' dream
of socialist society.
• He remained on the most wanted list of the British police for many years, he eluded them and
inflicted reverses on them several times.
• Ultimately, Tantya was arrested due to treachery of Ganpat, the husband of his sister while
he was getting rakhi tied. He was kept in Jabalpur jail where he was ruthlessly tortured.
• The Sessions Court, Jabalpur sentenced him to be hanged till death on 19 October 1889.
9. Bhima Nayak
• Bhima Nayak was the hero of the princely state of Barwani.
• Bhima Nayak (1840-1876) was a Bhil hero born in Western Nimad. He had participated in the
Revolt of 1857 from Western Nimad region.
• He was a legendary freedom fighter who took on valiantly against the British. He also
motivated his community to join the struggle against the British rule.
• According to one account, Bhima's sphere of influence was spread from Barwani to Khandesh
region of Maharashtra. Bhima played a major role in the Ambapani battle in 1857. Bhima had
also helped Tantia in crossing the Narmada while he visited Nimar.
• Bhima was finally caught and tried by the British authorities.
• He was subsequently incarcerated in the Cellular Jail in Port Blair, where he breathed his last
in 1876.
10. Khajya Nayaka

• Khajya Nayaka was also the hero of Nimar.
• Khwaja Nayak was the brother-in-law of Bheema who was known as Nimad's Robin Hood.
Khwaja was a sepoy in an East India Company detachment entrusted with patrolling a 34-mile
stretch from western Nimad's Sendhwa-Jamli Post to Maharashtra's Shirpur Post.

• He served the Britishers for two decades from 1831 and was then awarded ten years'
imprisonment for fatally beating up a highway robber while on patrol. However, he was freed
in five years owing to good behaviour. In 1857, when sepoys were revolting across northern
India, Khwaja was re-enlisted by the Company but quit and joined Bheema after being
insulted by a British captain. Besides looting the treasury, they fought against British. The
Britishers made several attempts to crush the rebels but in vain. The latter were surrounded
on April 11, 1858 at Amba Pani between Barwani and Silawad. In the ensuing battle, Khwaja's
son Daulat Singh and several other Bhils were martyred.
• He became a victim of the deception of one of his companions, due to which he had to lose
his life, otherwise the way he prepared an army of eight hundred warriors and took the fight
against British.
• A few years later, treachery by relatives led to an arrest of Khwaja and Bheema who were
subsequently incarcerated at the Cellular Jail at Port Blair along with their associates.
11. Sitaram Kanwar Bhilala and Raghunath Mandloi Bhilala

• Western Nimad's Khargone and the surrounding area was ruled by the Holkars. One of their
jagirdars, Raghunath Singh Mandloi, wielded considerable influence over tribal villagers in the
vicinity of Barun. As news spread of Tantya Tope's arrival in Nimad in 1857, several Holkar
employees and citizens rebelled. Raghunath was among them. His instigating the uprising led
to the jagir being snatched and handed to Daulat Singh Mandloi. Thousands of Bhil
revolutionaries gathered at Barun under Raghunath's leadership and supplies came from
Banjaras. The Holkars arrested Raghunath who was suitably aided by Sitaram. The latter was
martyred while fighting a force led by Captain R H Keating.
12. Birsa Munda (Munda Tribe)

• 15 November 1875 – 9 June 1900 was an Indian tribal freedom fighter, religious leader, and
folk hero who belonged to the Munda tribe.
• Birsa Munda was born at Ulihatu in the Bengal Presidency (presently in Jharkhand) on 15th
November 1875 into a Munda family. His parents were Sugana Munda and Karmi Hatu.
• His childhood was spent in a typical Munda fashion amidst poverty.
• He converted to Christianity and became Birsa David/Daud in order to receive an education
from a missionary school.
• He spent a great part of his childhood in Chaibasa. He was influenced by the national
movement there. His father withdrew him the missionary school. Birsa developed a strong
anti-government and anti-missionary stamp on his mind from there.
• During the 1890s, he started speaking to his people about the exploitation done by the British.
The British agrarian policies were stifling the tribal people and disrupting their way of life
which was hitherto peaceful and in tune with nature. Another problem was that of cultural
belittlement of the tribal people by the Christian missionaries.
• The Mundas had followed the Khunkhatti system of joint landholding. The British replaced
this egalitarian system with the Zamindari System. Outsiders entered the tribal landscape and

started exploiting them. In their own turf, they became forced labourers. Poverty descended
on them like a strangling chain.
• In 1894, Birsa announced his declaration against the British and the Dikus (outsiders) and thus
began the Munda Ulgulan. This is a very important rebellion of the tribal people among the
various uprisings of the tribals and peasants in India in the 19th century.
• Birsa also started his own religion and proclaimed he was god’s messenger. Many Mundas,
Kharias and Oraons accepted him as their leader. Many other Hindus and Muslims also flocked
to see the new leader of the masses.
• Birsa advocated the tribal people to shun the missionaries and revert to their traditional ways.
He also asked people not to pay taxes.
• He was arrested in 1895 and released after two years. In 1899, he resumed his armed struggle
along with the people. He razed police stations, government property, churches and houses
of Zamindars.
• The British caught him in 1900 from Jamkopai forest, Chakradharpur.
• Birsa Munda died on June 9th 1900 while lodged at the Ranchi jail aged just 25.

Major Festivals of
Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
5. MAJOR FESTIVALS and FAIRS of
MADHYA PRADESH
Fairs of MP
Total – 1400 Fairs

• Maximum – Ujjain division [227]
• Minimum – Hoshangabad division

Season wise division
• Season wise max – March, April, May (Chaitra, Vaishakh)
• Season wise min – June, July, August (Aashad, Sharavan)
• Fair of Goddess Jogeshwari • Chanderi [Ashok Nagar]
• Urs of Peer Budhan • Sanvara [Shivpuri]
• Fair of Tejaji • Guna and Neemar
• Fair of Mahamritunjaya • Rewa

• Amarkantak [Anupur District], Pachmadi
• Fair of Shivratri
And Hoshangabad
• Fair of Chandi Devi • Ghoghar [Sidhi District]
• Urs of Baba Shahadubbin Aulia • Neemuch
• Fair of Kaluji Maharaj • Piplya Khurd [Khargon]
• Fair of Garibnath • Avanti, Barodiya Village [Shajahapur]
• Fair of Kanna Baba • Sodalpur [Harda]
• Fair of Nagaji • Porsa Village [Morena]
• Fair of Martyr • Sanawad [Indore]
• Fair of Siddha Baba • Vijaypur
• Fair of Jalvihar • Chatarpur

• Fair of Maiyar Mata • Satna
• Fair of Sonagiri • Datiya
• Fair of Kundeshwar • Tikamgarh
• Fair of Rawatpura • Bhind
• Fair of Heera Bhumiya • Gwalior, Guna
• Fair of Ramleela • Bhander Tehsil [Datiya]
• Bhamoni Urs • Dhamoni [Sagar]
• Fair of Singaji • Pipliya Khurd [Khargon]
• Fair of Mandhata • Khandwa, Omkareshwar
• Fair of Burman • Gadarwada [Narsingpur]
• Fair of Math Dhodhara • Bhairo Nath Pilgrim [Seoni District]
• Fair of Kumbh Simhastha • Ujjain
• Fair of Ratangar • Datiya
• Fair of Ramji • Hoshangabad
• Fair of Unnav • Datia
• Cheti Fair • Byawara [Rajgarh]
• Baldauji Fair • Panna
• Dhrupdehi Fair • Hirapur
• Ramnavami Fair • Nayagaon
• Kedareshwar Fair • Tikamgarh
• Khandwa Fair • Deori [Sagar]
• Salkanpur Fair • Salkanpur

MAJOR CULTURAL FESTIVALS
Festival / Event in
Location / Place Details
Madhya Pradesh
Indian Classical Dance

Khajuraho Dance festival Khajuraho
Performance
Literary Presentations along with
Akhil Bharatiya Kalidas
Ujjain dramas and Indian Classical
Samaroh
Dance programmes
Gwalior Indian Classical Vocal and Musical
Tansen Sangeet Samaroh
performances
Vocal performances of Dhrupad

Dhrupad Samaroh Bhopal
style of Indian Classical Music
Madhya Pradesh Utsav
New Delhi
/Madhya Pradesh Festival
Allauddin Sangeet Samaroh Maihar, Satna Indian Classical Music
Ameer Khan Festival lndore Indian Classical performances

Rashtriya Hindi Natya Hind's Best Drama's
Bhopal
Samaroh performances
Pachmarhi Utsav Pachmarhi Indian Folk Art's performances
Mandu Utsav Mandu --
Orchha Utsav Orchha, Niwari --
Keshav Jayanti Samaroh Orchha, Niwari Literary Presentation

Alauddin Khan
Bhopal Lectures based on Classical Music
Vyakhyanmala
Muktibodh Samaroh Bhind Literary Programmes
Bhavbhuti Samaroh Gwalior Sanskrit's Literary Programmes
Malwa Utsav Ujjain and lndore Folk Arts / Indian Classical Music
Makhanlal Chaturvedi
Jabalpur Literary Programmes
Samaroh

Rashtriya Ramleela Mela Different Parts of MP Ramleela Mandlis Performance
Pandit Balkrishna Sharma

Shajapur Hindi Literary Programmes
"Naveen" Samaria
Indian Folk Art's Presentation and

Lokrang Samaroh Bhopal
Performance
Pandit Kumar Gandhana

Dhar Sanskrit Literary Programmes
Samaroh
Padmakar Samaroh -- Hindi Literary Programmes
Bhoj Samaroh Dhar Sanskrit Literary Programmes
Throughout Madhya
Shankari Samaroh Sanskrit Literary Programes
Pradesh
All over Madhya Folk Arts, Music, Dances and

Kabir Samaroh
Pradesh Literary Programmes
Rashtriya Alankaran
Bhopal Distribution of Cultural Awards
Samaroh
Indian Classical and Folk Arts

Jagar Samaroh --
Display.
Krishna Rao Samaroh Gwalior Indian Classical Music
Throughout Madhya Nimar Utsav, Maheshwar Indian

MP Sangeet Samaroh
Pradesh Folk and Classical Performances
Various Folk arts exhibitions and

Bharat Bhawan Bhopal
performances throughout year
Suhhadra Kumari Chauhan Hindi Literary Programmes and

Jabalpur
Samaroh Performances
Film Festival Bhopal Films from India and Abroad

Tepa Samaroh / Tepa
Ujjain Kavi Sammelan
Festival
Tribal Film Utsav Indore

Kishore Kumar Samman
Khandwa
Samaroh
Bundeli Utsav / Bundeli

Chhattarpur
Festival
Bhedaghat Utsav Bhedaghat [Jabalpur]
Tulsi Utsav / Tulsi Festival Chitrakoot
Madhya Pradesh Lok Kala Bhopal

Samaroh
Padmakar Smriti Samaroh Sagar Literary
Chakradhar Smriti Samaroh Indore
Lokranjan Festival Khajuraho Festival of Folk Dances
Region Wise Festivals of MP
FESTIVALS REGION
Bhagoriya Haat Jhabua
Festival Called as the Festival of Love
Sanjha Bundelkhand
Suata Bundelkhand
Nawanna Bundelkhand
Gangaur Malwa
Harelip Malwa and Bundelkhand
Rata trawa Mandla
Niraja Malwa
Govardhan Bundelkhand
Guripadawa Malwa, Chambal, Neemar

Major Folk Music, Folk Arts and
Folk Theatre of Madhya
Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
6. Major Folk Music, Folk Arts and Folk
Theatre of Madhya Pradesh
FOLK MUSIC STYLES MADHYA PRADESH
o Region – Bundelkhand
1. Alha Recital
o Time – Sawan month
o Region – Nemar
2. Kalagitura
o Sung in the form of Qawalli
o Region – Malwa
3. Sanja Songs
o Sung by unmarried young girls
4. Basavdeva o Region – Bagelkhand

Gayan o Tribe – Harbole
o Region – Bagelkhand
5. Birha Songs o Tribe – Aahir, Teli, Gadariya
o Sung in the form of questions and answers
o Region – Malwa
6. Birthari o People of Nath sect sung it [Suraj Bhai
Khande – famous singer]
o Region – Malwa
7. Bhope Style
o Tribe – Bhope
o Mudiya tribe [death song] sung by senior
8. Gokul Patha citizens
o Region – Nemar
9. Gangaur o Sung during the month of chaitra, using
dhol and thali
o Tribe – Muriya
10. Hulki patha o Group song based on theme of king and
queen

o Region –Gwalior, Bhind, Malwa And
Bundelkhand
11. Dholamaru
o Famous person – Jagan Nath Kumhaar
Folk Arts: MADHYA PRADESH Region-wise
• Folk dance – Garba, Matki, Adha Khada Rajavadi

Dance
• Folk Song Styles – Tharthari Gayan, Bhope Gayan,
1. Malwa region
Sanjha Geet, Barasati Barata, Nirgunani Bhajan
• Folk Theatre – Mach
• Folk Dance – Badhai, Rai, Nautanki, Saira,

Dhinariyai
2. Bundelkhand region • Folk Song Styles – Alha Singing, Faag, Berayata,
Bundeli, Babuliya
• Folk Theatre – Swang, Ragini
• Folk Dance - Kathi, Gangaur, Mandlay,

Ada Khada, Phiphariya
• Folk Music Styles – Saint Singaji Style –
3. Neemar Region
Nathpanthi Style, Kalagitura, Sanjha
Songs,Nirgunoya Style, Nasanya
• Folk Theatre – Gammat
• Folk Dance – Biraha Dance, Dadar, Kemali, Kalasa,

Rai
4. Baghelkhand region • Folk Songs – Faag, Birha, Baadeva, Videsiya
• Folk Theatre – Hingola, Mansukha, Jindba, Chahur

FOLK THEATRE OF MADHYA PRADESH
• By Muriya tribe
Maopata • Traditional story of hunting
• Faces are smeared with soote, soil and ash
• By Korku Tribe
• Korku perform drama around the pillar
Khamb Swang • The performance is staged to celebrate
Meghnath, son of Ravan, who saved
Korkus
• By Baiga tribe –Dussera

• Reciting love poem
Dadaria dance • Young women chooses their spouse while
dancing
• Muria Adivasi death song

Gokulpadha • Description of king Jologayas
• By Muria tribe
Hulki Dance • Boys and girls both participate in it.
• By Muria tribe
Mandri dance • One man dances with chitkul and no songs
are sung
• By Madia tribe
• Celebration of Jawa festival
• Young men wear headgear with horns of
Gaur Dance bison [Gaur]
• It is probably the best Adivasi dance of the
country

Major DIALECTS of
Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA

7. MAJOR Dialects of Madhya Pradesh
Different regional dialects are prevalent in different regions of the state such as Malwa, Bundeli,
Nimari etc. These all have certain Similarities due to their origination from Hindi except tribal
dialects.
1. Bundeli
• This dialect of Arya language group is widespread in the state.
• It was named as Bundeli by George Grierso, and is an Apbhransh (narrated form) of
Shaurseni.
• The influence of this dialect can be experienced in Bundelkhand and also in the southern
part of M.P. extended to Maharashtra.
• Pure form of the dialect is widely spoken in Tikarngarh, Sagar, Narsinghpur and Panna
districts of M.P. and its subdialects are prevalent in different area such as Panwari in
Gwalior, Datia, Lodharti in Hamirpur, Khatola in Parma, Chhatarpur, Domoh districts. There
are some mixed Bundeli dialects too like Banafari, Kundri, Nibhatta, Bhadauari & Koshthi.
• Famous Scholars in Bundeli Language : Keshav, Padmakar, Lal, Gangadhar Vyas.
• Datia, Guna, Shivpuri, Bhind, Gwalior, Morena. Sagar, Tikamgarh, Niwari. Chhatarpur,
Damoh, Panna, Vidisha, Raisen, Hoshangabad, Narsinghpur, Jabalpur, Seoni, Chhindwara,
Balaghat, etc.
2. Bagheli
• It is the modified version of Ardh-Magadhi which is prevalent in Rewa, Satna, Sidhi &
Singrauli districts of the state. Its mixed form is spoken in Tribal region of Mandla.
• Some of the Sub dialects of Bagheli are : Tirhari in Banda, Hamirpur & Fatehpur districts,
Gahora in central areas of Banda districts Gondi which is spoken in Rewa & Manda region is
also a variation of Bagheli.
• It is also called as baghelkhandi, Rimahi and Rivai. The Parental Language of Bagheli is
assured to be Avadhi.
• Shri Niwas Shukla from sidhi has prepared first Dictionary of Bagheli.
• Parmdharm Vijay, Vishwanath Prakash - these Bagheli books are written by Rewa king
vishwanath singh.

• Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Shandol, Umaria.
3. Malwi
• This dialect has impact of Hadoti of Rajasthan and is also influenced from Shaurseni of
Maharastra.
• In its purest form it is spoken in Indore, Ujjain, Dewas, Dhar & Ratlam districts of M.P. some
of its varients also be practicised in Bhopal, Hoshangabad, Neemuch, Guna & Mandsaur
districts.
• In Phonetic point of view, malvi belongs to western Hindi family, but in origin it is a
marwadi.
• The malvi dictionary is compiled by sh. prahlad chandra joshi.
• Sh. Dhirendra Verma has called the Malvi as Dakshin Rajasthani whereas sh K.L. Hans has
called as Pashimi Hindi.
• Subdialects of Malvi : Sondhwari, omathwari, Ragadi.
• Some scholars treat the nimari as subdialects of Malvi.
4. Nimari
• It is the widely spoken dialect of Khandwa, Khargone, Burhanpur, Barwani districts of M.P. It
is also originated from Shaurseni. It higly exert influence of Malwi, Marawari, Gujrati &
Marathi. Remarkable Folk literature has been written in Nimari. George Grierso called the
Nimari as Dakshini Hindi.
• Famous writter of Nimari Gorishankar Sharma, Ramnarayan Upadhyay, Prabhakar Choube.
• Ammar Bol - The First epic in Nimari Language written by mahadev Prasad chaturvedi. It is a
thousand work of Mahabharat.
• Prabhakar choube has been a well known Singer of Nimari, Particularaly he sung gammat
and swang. He also written Thumka in Nimar.
• Dr. Shri Ram Parhar Written a book, Nimari Sahltya Ka Itihas (in Hindi).
• Khandwa, Khargone, Dhar, Dewas, Barwani, Jhabua, Indore.
5. Brij Bhasha (Braj)

• Basically spoken in Brij territory (Mathura) of UP.
• Brij is also a narrated form of shaurseni. it is also called as Pengal Antarvedi, kannauji,
Gwaliori.

• The Maximum Medievel Literature is complied in Brijbhasha.
• Prominent Scholar : Amir Khusro, Raskhan, surdas, Mirabai.
• Brij Bhasha is a main Language of Hindustani Music.
• Tulsidas ji, a avadhi writer, also used Brij Bhasha in His book, Vinay Patrika.
• Bhind, Morena, Gwalior, etc.
6. Bhadavari (Goanwari, Buland)

• This is a dialect of proverbs.
• Bhadavari is assured as the language Bhadrashrav as used by dieties.
• Territory : The adjoining area of MP-UP-Rajasthan in MP - Bhind, Morena, Gwalior are the
districts where Bhadavari in Practice.
• The Bhadavardham area (Ater, Mahgoan) speak Bhadavari at large. Other Dialects of MP
7. Jandomati
• Gandomati area of Morena-sheopur speak in the dialect Jadomati.
• Territory of 24 Village of sabalfond is called as chobisa and therefore the dialect jandomati is
also called chobisa boli here.
8. Panchamahali
• Speaking largely in Gwalior District.
• Territory: five historical mahals Dabara, Bhitorwar, Pichore, Chonot, Tekanpur.
• Panchamahali has remarkable phonetic similarity to that of Bundeli.
9. Jatwari
• Come in Practice during Jat state of Bharatpur.
• Territory : Jatwara area (Gohad to Murar)
10. Sikarwari
• The most Dominating area of central India is sikarwar.
• The Dialect in Practice, Particularaly in Jowra, Kailash, morena, Pandganj is Sikarwari.
11. Kachvadhari
• Gwalior was ever known as kanchapghat under the reigon of kachvay rulars.
• Kachvayghari is spoken in some part of Bhind (Lahar, Ron, Mehgoan, Bharoli)

12. Torghari
• The dialect of Tomars, settled in some part of morena in torghari.
• It is mainly affected by Brijbhasha and bhadavari.
13. Lodhadhari
• Lodhi as settled in some part of Bhind are speaking Lodhadhari dialect.
• It is very much similar to that of Bhadavari.
14. Rajputi
• The territory Rajputghar in Gwalior region speaks the dialect Rajputi.
• Rajputi is affected by Bundeli, Lodhanti, Kachvaydhari.
15. Pawari
• Pawar caste of Chhindwara speaks in Pawari Dialect.
• Pawari is originated from Marathi and Gujrati.
16. Korvi
• Korvi is assumed to be the ancestor to Hindi.
• Korvi is much near to Khadi Hindi.
Tribal Dialects
Tribals have their own culture & dialects such as Gonds of Mandla speak Gondi, Korku of
Hoshangabad speak Korku dialects.
1. Bhili
• It is also considered as a part of Aryan language group.
• It is a dialect of Bhili Tribe which are reside in Jhabua, west Nimar, Dhar & Ratlam districts of
M.P. Dravidian & Kolerian words are also use while speaking Bhili.
• It also has a deep influence of Nimari, Rajasthani, Gujrati & Malvi.
• Ratlam, Dhar, Jhabua, Khargone, Alirajpur.
2. Mavasi
• Mavasi tribe of chhindwara speaks in Mavasi Dialect.
• Specially the Mavasi of Junnardev Tehsil use this dialect.

3. Barela
• Speaking by Barela sub-tribe of Bhil.
• Territory: West Nimar (Khargone) and Alirajpur.
4. Gondi
• Speaking by Gond and it's subtribe.
• Territory : Hoshangabad, Betul, Harda, Mandla, Dindori are majorly compiled in Gondi.
• Chhindwara, Seoni, Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, Hoshangabad.
5. Banjari
• Speaking by Banjara tribe and they call this dialect as Gwari.
• Banjari review a great impact of Rajasthani.
• Many folk songs are compiled in Banjari.
6. Sahriyayi
• Speaking by sahariya tribe.
• Territory : A belt extended from Kota to Guna. (Sheopur, Shivpuri, Morena, Bhind)
7. Nahal
• Speaking by Nahal tribe of Betul District.
• Territory: Multai Prabhatpattan, Satner. Bhainsdehi Daboni, Dhaba. Aamla - Tirmau Betul
- Khandara
8. Korku
• Betul, Hoshangabad, Chhindwara, Khargone, Khandwa.

Major Arts and Sculpture of
Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
8. MAJOR ARTS AND SCULPTURE OF
MADHYA PRADESH
FORTS
S No NAME DETAILS
• By – Surajsen
• Period – 525 AD
1. Gwalior Fort • Key Point – Called as Gibraltar Of India
• 5 Gates – Alamgir Gate, Hindola Gate, Gujari Mahal
Gate, Chaturbhuj Gate, Hathi Paud Gate
• By – Raja Veersing Bundela

• Period – 16th Century
2. Orchha fort • Key Point – Jehangir Mahal, Prominent
Temples Like Chaturbhuj Temple, Ram
Temple, Laxmi Narayan Temple.
• By – Raja Udayvarman
Ginnorgarh fort • Location – near Bhopal
3.
• Key point – parrots are found
• By – Raja Nal
Narvar fort • Location – Shivpuri
4.
• Key point – important dynasty associated
[Tomars, Kachwahas, etc]
• By – Raja Nerendra Shah

5. Mandla fort • Period – 16th Century
• Key point – Raj Rajeshwari by Nizam Shah
• By – Allauddin Khilji
6. Mandsaur fort • Period – 14th Century
• Key Point – Tapeshwar Temple

• By – Vyagradeo [Bundelkhand Dynasty]
Bandhavgarh fort • Location – near Umaria
7.
• Key point – Vishnu temple, Shershahi lake
• By – Raja Ajaypal
Ajaygarh fort • Location – near Panna
8.
• Key point – Design carved on stones, palace of
Raja Amal
Asirgard fort • By – Asharam

9.
• Key Point – Asha Devi temple, Shiv temple
• By – Mohammed Tughlak
10. • Period – 1344 AD
Dhar fort • Key point – Kharbuja Mahal
• By – Kirtipal
11.
Chanderi fort • Key Point – Jauhar kund, Hawa mahal, Khooni
darwaj
• By – Raja Rajvasanthi
12. Raisen fort • Period – 16th century
• Key point – Badal Mahal, Itradar Mahal.

PALACES
• Jay Vilas Mahal [Gwalior] – Residence of Jivaji Rao Scindia.
• Rohit Mahal – Raja Vasanti built this palace at Raisen fort
• Badal Mahal – Raja Vasanti built this palace at Raisen fort.
• Kharbuja Mahal – it is in Dhar fort
• Baghelin Mahal – Baghela’s constructed it in Mandla.
• Gujari Mahal – Raja Man Singh Tomar built this palace in Gwalior fort in memory of his queen
Rani Durgawati.
• Moti Mahal [Gwalior] – palace of King Jivaji of Gwalior Moti Mahal – Gond King Hridayshah
built this palace in dense forests of Ramnagar.
• Aman Mahal – King Ajaypal built this palace in Ajaygarh Fort [Panna].
• Dai Mahal – this palace in Mandu [Dhar] is famous for artwork there
• Hawa Mahal – Pratihar king Kirtipal built this palace in Chanderi fort.
• Naukhanda Mahal – Pratihar king Kirtipal built this palace in Chanderi fort.
• Jahangir Mahal – Veer Sing Deo Bundela built this palace in Orchha fort.
• Rani Rupmati Mahal – Bajbahadur built this palace near Rewa Kund in Mandu for his beloved
Rani Rupmati. This palace symbolizes queen Rupmati’s love for architecture.
• Rajmandir Mahal – this palace was built by Raja Vir Singh Deo Bahadur.
• Madan Mahal – Gond king Madanshah built this palace near Jabalpur.
• Asharfi Mahal – this palace in Mandu leaves tourists spellbound.

CAVES
• Bhimbetka Caves [Abdullagnj] Raisen
• Shankaracharya Caves [Omkareshwar, Khandwa]
• Bharatruhari Caves – Ujjain
• Bilaua Caves – Gwailor
• Mara Caves – Singrauli
• Bagh Caves - Dhar
• Bhrugenranath Caves – Raisen
• Saromaro Caves – Sehore
• Udaygiri Caves [Vidisha]
• Pandava Caves [Panchmari] Hoshangabad
• Adamgarh Caves – Hoshangabad
• Kabara Caves – Rajgarh
TOMBS
• Tomb Of Nawab Jihidami Hassan Khan – Bhopal
• Tomb Of Hoshangabad – Mandu
• Tomb Of Abdulla Shah Changal – Dhar
• Tomb Of Mohammad Gaus – Gwalior
• Tomb Of Tansen – Gwalior
• Tomb Of Pir Budhan – Shivpuri [Sanwara Area]
• Tombs Of Baj Bahadur And Rani Rupmati – Sarangpur [Rajgarh]
• Tomb Of Mumtaj Mahal – Burhanpur
• Tomb Of Daulat Khan Lodhi – Burhanpur
• Tomb Of Hajrat Shah Wajhruddin – Chanderi

MAUSOLEUMS
• Mausoleum of Peshva Bajirao – Rawerakhedi [Khargoan]
• Mausoleum of Baiju bawra – Chanderi
• Mausoleum of Girdhari bai – Mandla
• Mausoleum of Jhalkari Bai – Gwalior
• Mausoleum of Kana Baba –Hoshangabad
• Mausoleum of Malayendra Pir – Ujjain
• Mausoleum of Maharani Sankya Raje Scindia – Shivpuri
• Mausoleum of Madhavrao Scindia – Shivpuri
• Mausoleum of Tatya Tope – Shivpuri
• Mausoleum of Rani Durgawati – Jabalpur [Badelagram]
• Mausoleum of Laxmibai – Gwalior
Additional Places
• Begum Mumtaz Mahal’s Tomb, Burhanpur
• Bercha Rani Ka Makbara, Chhatarpur
• Deora’s Fort, Deora, Chhatarpur
• Shahajahan Parvez Ka Makbara, Burhanpur
• Daulat Khan Lodhi Ka Makbara, Bhuranpur
• Chhappan Mahal, Mandu [Dhar]
• The Memorial Of Rana Bakhtawarsingh, Ajmera, Dhar
• Jahangir Palace Of Shahjahan Palace, Gwalior
• Bhimsen Rana Ki Chhatri, Gwailor

• Durgadas Umbrella, Ujjain
• Fatehi Bibi Ka Makbara [Tomb]
• Ancient Shiva Temple, Bhainsdehi, Betul
• Chhatrasal Ka Makbara, Chhatarpur
• Gohad Fort, Goha, Bhind
• Laghedi Gate, Gwalior
• Lalbaug Palace, Indore
• Krishnabai Holkar’s Chhatri, Indore
• Sabalgadh Fort, Sabalgadh, Morena
• Ganna Begum Ka Makbara, Morena
• Queen Rupmati And Bajbahadur’s Grave, Saragpur, Rajgadh
• Madhavgadh’s Fort, Madhavgadh, Satna
• Old Palace, Orchha Tikamgarh
• Cannon Orchha, Tikamgarh
• Palki Palace Orchha, Tikamgarh
• Siddha Baba’s Cave, Orchha, Tikamgarh
• Shiva Temple, Orchha, Tikamgadh
• Bhavanisingh’s Chhatri, Datia
• King Parikshit’s Chhatri, Datia
• King Indrajit’s Chhatri, Datia
• Khooni Bhandara, Burhanpur
• Chaugan’s Fort; Chauragadh, Gadarwas, Narasimharpur
• Tatya Tope Memorial Park, Shivpuri

Important Museums
• District Archaeological Museum, Dhar – 1902
• State Museum, Bhopal – 2 Nov 2005
• Gujari Palace Museum, Gwalior – 1922
• Central Museum, Indore – 1929
• District Architectural Museum, Vidisha -1940
• Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum Dhubela [Chhatarpur] – 1955
• Queen Durgavati Museum, Jabalpur – 1976
• District Archaeological Museum, Rajgadh – 1976
• Tulsi Museum, Ramvan [Satna] – 1978
• District Archaeological Museum, Rajgadh – 1976
• District Archaeological Museum, Mandla – 1979
• District Archaeological Museum, Shahdol – 1984
• District Archaeological Museum, Hoshangabad – 1984
• District Archaeological Museum, Panna – 1988
• District Archaeological Museum, Dewas – 1988
• District Archaeological Museum, Rawa – 1988
• Jahangir Mangal Museum, Orchha [Tikamgarh] – 1990
• Yashodharman Museum, Mandsaur – 1982 – 83
• Local Museum, Gandharvpuri [Dewas] – 1964
• Local Museum, Ashapuri [Raisen] – 1965 – 66
• Local Museum, Pichhore [Gwalior] – 1977
• Local Museum, Mandsaur – 1958 -59
• Local Museum, Kundeshwar [Tikamgadh]
• Local Museum, Chanderi [Guna] – 1991
• Queen Ahilya Devi Museum, Maheshwar [Khargone] – 1974

Religious and Tourist
Places of Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
9. RELIGIOUS AND TOURIST PLACES OF
MADHYA PRADESH
12 Religious Cities of MP
1. Amarkantak
2. Maihar
3. Chitrakoot
4. Maheshwar
5. Panna
6. Orchha
7. Datiya
8. Multai
9. Salkanpur
10. Mandla
11. Omkareshwar
12. Ujjain
Major Hindu Religious Sites

• Nemavar : Teertha of Hindu on the banks of Narmada in Dewas district. A fair is also organised
here every year.
• Rudija : A sacred place related to Tejaji Maharaj situated in Badnagar.
• Omkareshwar : It is known for one of 12 Jyotirlings and have figure of 'Om' situated on the
merger of Narmada - Tawa. where Omkar-Mandhata temple is established.
• Bhojpur : Situated near Bhopal, known for the world's largest Shivling built by Raja Bhoj.
• Nohta : Nohta situated on the confluence (sangam) of Gurahya & Bersa river was once the
capital of Chandela, this place is now famous for the remains of ancient Jain & Shiva temple.
• Dadaji Darbar : Samadhi (Solvation) of Great Saint Dadaji in Khandwa.
• Kamadgiri (Satna): The main part of Chitrakoot is Kamadgiri famous for the Temple of lord
KamnaNath.
• Nalkheda Peeth : A religious site of Hindus, at Nalkheda(Dist Agar), The oldest temple of Ma
Bagulamukhi.

• Pitambara Peeth : A religious site of Hindus, at Datia, named as Ma Bagulamukhi pitambara
peeth. Another temple of Maa dhumavati is also there in the same campus.
Major Jain Religious Sites

• Pawagiri : Digambar Jain site situated in Khargone (Oon). There are 99 Jain temples in
Pavagiri.
• Pushpgiri : A jain teertha, situated in Sonkatchh near Dewas.
• Gommatgiri : A famous Jain site of Indore, there are magnificent temples of Adinath,
Parsvanath and Lord Mahavira at this mountain site.
• Muktagiri : A religious place of Jainas, situated in Betul district. Here, there are total 52
temples and a water fall too.
• Sonagiri : Jain temples at Sonagiri (Datia District).
• Bavangaja : Famous of 72 feet high statue of Lord Adinath in Bawangaja hills of Barwani.
Major Sikh Religious Sites

• Anandpur Sahib : Ashok Nagar
• Bandichhod Gurudwara
1. Situated in side of Jailvilas Place (Gwalior).
2. 6th sikha guru Hargovindji was prijoined here by mughal king Jahangir.
• Imli Bajar Gurudwara: Indore 1st Sikh guru Sh. Nanakdev visited this place in Indore.
• Badi Sangat Gurudwara: Burhanpur 10th Sikh guru Govindsingh ji arrived here.
• Bhai Bala Sandhu Gurudwara: Shivpuri
• Onkareshwar Sahib : Dist Khandwa
Major Church
• Cathedral Church: Jabalpur (1840-1858)
• Red Church: Indore
• White Church: Indore (1858)
• Panchmarhi Church: Constructed in 1875 in Panchmarhi.

TOURIST SITES OF MP
Total marked touries sites 382

Sites of International Fame 20
Site with highest visitors Khajuraho
Historical Places and Monuments

1. Khajuraho
• The Magnificent temples of Khajuraho built by the king Dhang of Chandel dynasty in 11th
century.
• The No. of these temples initially was 85 but later decreased.
• There are two Khajoor (dates) shaped Toran at the entrance of these temple That's why This
place is named as Khajuraho.
Place to Visit
• In western side there are temples of Kandariya Mahadeo, Chausath Yogini, Chitragupta,
Vishwanath Temple, Laxman Temple & Matengeshwar Temple.
• At the Eastern front there are Parshvnath Temple, Ghantai Mandir, Adinath Temple and in
South the temples of Dulhadev & Chaturbhuj are famous. Other than this Beni Sagar Dam,
Sneh Prapat are also good places to visit.
2. Mandu
• Manduvgarh `Mandu' is situated in Dhar district, only 100 km away from Indore. It was named
as Shdiabad (City of joy) by. Hoshangabad. Mandu is also related to the love story of Baj
Bahadur & Rani Roopmati.
• Parmara dynasty made It as their capital due to It's safe location (situated in Vmdhyan range
at the height of 2000 feet).
Place to Visit
• There are 12 gateways (Parkota) in the fort of Mandu named as : Rampole, Tarapur
• Darwaza, Jahangir Darwaza, Dilli Darwaza etc. In addition there are Jahaj Palace, Hindola
Palace, Tomb of Hoshangshah, Jama Masjid, Asharfi Pal-ace, Rewa Kund. Roopmati Mandap,
Neelkanth Mahal, Hathi Mahal & Lohani Caves.
3. Sanchi
• Situated in Raisen district, 45 km. away from Bhopal.
• The ancient name of Sanchi was Kaknaya & Budhha Shri Parvat.
• It is the centre of Buddhist religion. There is a large stupa & single pillar inscription in Sanchi,
Which was built by Ruler Ashoka of Mauryan Dynasty for her wife Mahadevi.
• The corridor (Jungla) around the Stupa was built in Shunga era. Sanchi stupa is not only the
biggest Stupa but also a place of worship for Buddhists, as the Bane of Sariputra moglayan are
placed under this stupa. There are two smaller stupas too. Jataka stories are carved on the

walls of this stupas. One inscription about the minister of Chandragupta Vikramaditya is also
stood here.
• In 2012, Buddha University was setup in Sanchi.
4. Bharhut (Satna)
• Known for the remains of Buddhist stupa.
5. Vidisha
• It's ancient name was Bhelsa or Besnagar. Its other ancient names also appeard as
Mahamalistan and Mevasa. Ruler Ashoka used to visit here when he was the governor of
Ujjaini. He married to Mahadevi of Vidisha.
• Greek Ruler anticlandious Sent his ambassadorHeliodorus in the court of Shunga Ruler
Agnimitra.
• He built Garuda Stambhbh (Pillar) and declared himself disciple of Bhagvat Dharma. This pillar
is also known as Khamba Baba.
• Tourist Sites Lohangi Shila, Gumbaj, Beeja Mandal, Samrat Ashok Sagar (Halali Sagar Dam).
6. Gwalior
• It is named after Rishi Galay. Jahangir imprisoned the 6'h Sikh Guru Hargovind Singh in the
fort of Gwalior. This fort is known as the Zibraltor of East.
Place to Visit
• Gwalior Fort, Gujri Mahal (Built by Raja- Mansingh for his beloved Gurjar Queen Mrignayani),
Man Mandir, Suraj Kund, Teli ka Mandir, Saas-Bahu ka Mandir, Jai Vilas Palace. Statue of Rani
Laxmi Bai, Museum. Tomb of Tansen Mohaumad Gaus, Nagar Palika Museum, Zoo,
Gurudwara, Sun Temple etc.
7. Bhopal
• The Bhoj Pal built by Raja Bhoj of Parmara dynasty, it was later renamed as Bhopal. It is situ-
ated over the 5 hills. There are 2 lakes here.
Famous sites of Bhopal
• Taj-ul-masjid, Jama Masjid, Saket Mahal, Bharat-Bhavan, Birla Temple, Indira Gandhi,
Museum, Van Vihar etc.
8. Orchha
• Established in 16th century by Bundela Ruler Rudra Pratap.
• Famous Sites are Shaheed Smarak, Jahangir Mahal, Hardaul Palace, Sundar Mahal, Ray
Praveen Mahal, Phool Bagh.
9. Udaigiri Caves
• Udaigiri situated in the Vidisha district is well known for its architecture. There is the statue
of Varah Mihir in one of the caves of Udaipur.

ECO Tourism in MP
Eco tourism society setup under Eco-Tourism board includes following activities under eco
tourism.
1. Visit to site with full of Natural beauty.
2. Sensible behaviour with and respect to Nature.
3. Local economic activities to be promoted which support the conservation of local resources
and culture.
ECO-Tourism Zones (04)

1. Bhopal Zone : Panchamari, Bio-diversity Van Vihar, Bhopal, Sanchi Stup, Primitive Culture
Centre(Bhim Betka), Bhopal Lake.
2. Rewa Zone : Chachai fall, Panna National Park, Orcha, Madhav National Park, Khajuraho.
3. Jabalpur Zone : Kanha National Park, Fossil National Park, Narmada-Bhedaghat, Amarkantak,
Bhandhvgarh National Park.
4. Indore Zone : Maheshwar, Kharmore-Sardarpur. Sanctury Mandu and Jhabua.
Tourism Investment Zones (05)

1. Bhopal
2. Gawalior
3. Jabalpur
4. Khajuraho
5. Indore
Water Sports Centres

1. Tigara Dam (Gwalior)
2. Tawa Dam (Hoshangabad)
3. Boat Club (Sailling School, Bhopal)
4. Yatch Club (Jabalpur)
Proposed Sites
1. Indira Sagar (Khandwa)
2. Bansagar (Shandol)
3. Mohini Sagar (Shivpuri)
4. Wanchu Point (Mhow, Indore)
5. Touriest Island (Omkareshewar, Khandwa)
Tourist Visitors in MP-2018

• Total Tourists 6.93 cr.
• Indian Tourists 6.90 cr.
• Foreign Tourists 2.88 Lacs

Literature & Litterateur
of Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
10. LITERATURE and LITTERATEUR OF
MADHYA PRADESH
Important Literator of Madhya Pradesh and their literature.
• The literature of MP can be briefly divided into 3 eras – Ancient, Medieval and Modern Era
Ancient Era
PERSONALITY WORKS
• Kumar Sambahv – 1st Epic
• Malvikagnimitram – 1st Drama
Kalidas • Ritu samhara – 1st Khand Kavya [Poetry]
[Shakespeare Of • Abhigyan Shakuntalam – Last Drama
India]
• Raghuvansh [Epic]
• Meghdoot [Poetry]
• Vikramovashiyam [Drama]
• Harshcharitra
Banabhatta • Chandrika Shatak
• Kadambari
• Mukut Tadit
• Nitishatak
Bhartruhari
• Shringar Shatak
• Vairagya Shatak
• Mahaveer Charitra
Bhavbhuti
• Uttar Ramcharit [1st Tragedy Drama In Sanskrit]
• Malati Madhav
Dandi • Dashkumar
Bharavi • Kiratarjuniyam

Medieval Era
PERSONALITY WORKS
• Shivraj Bhusham
• Chhatrasaal Dashak
Bhushan • Bhushan Ullahas
• Bhushan Hajar
• Rasik Priya
• Kavi Priya
• Nakhshikh
• Vigyangita
Keshav [Spirit Of • Jahangir Jas Chandrika
Poetry] • Ramachandrika
• Ratanvamini
• Vir Singh Deo Charita
• Chhandmala
• Jagat Vinod
Padmakar • Alijah Prakash
• Pratap Virudhavali
• Himmat Bahadur Virudhavali
Krishnand Gupta • Isuri Ki Fah
Bihari • Bihari satsai
Lok Singh Nagar • Isuri Satsai
Sant Swarupdas • Ras Ratnakar
Rewaram Bapu • Ratanpur Ka Itihas
Brajesh • Ras Sag Nirmay

MODERN ERA
PERSONALITY WORKS
• Kala Ka Anuvad [Story]
• Krisnarjun Yuddha [Drama]
• Phusp Ki Abhilasha [Poem]
• Him Kiritani [Poem]
• Himtragiri [Poem]
• Mata [Poem]
Makhanlal Chaturvedi • Samarpan [Poem]
Babai,Hoshagabad • Maraj Jwar [Poem]
• Amar Rashtra [Poem]
• Vijuri Kajal Aaj Rahi [Poem]
• Venu Le Gunje Dhara [Poem]
• Rangon Ki Boli [Prose Poem]
• Sahitya Devta [Essay]
• Pav-Pav[Essay]
• Amir Irade, Garib Irade [Essay]
• Urmila [Epic]
• Pranarpan [Prolonge Poem]
• Aplak [Poem]
Balmukund Sharma • Umkum [Poem]
‘Naveen’
• Rashmirekha [Poem]
Shajapur • Vinov Stavan [Poem]
• Viplav Gayan [Poem]
• Hum Vishpayi Janam Ke [Poem]
• Kwasi [Poem]
• Rashmirekha [Poem]

• Jhansi Ki Rani [Poem]
• Jaliayanwala Bag Me Basant [Poem]
Subhra Kumari Chauhan • Sabha Ke Khel [Poem]
– Allahabad • Vivechanatmak Galpvihar [Poem]
• Bikhare Moti [Story]
• Sidhe Sade Chita [Story]
• Unmadini [Story]
• Geet Farosh
• Gandhi Panchashati
Bhawani Prasad Mishra • Buni Hui Rassi
– Hoshangabad • Pave Evam Pankh
• Paheli
• Kamal Ke Phool
• Andheri Kavitae
• Nai Kavita Ka Atmasangharsh
• Kamayin Ek Punarvichar
Gajanand
• Chand Ka Moh Teda
Madhav Muktibodh
• Bramarakshas
Seopurkala
• Ek Sahitiyak Ki Dairy
• Tar Saptak Andhere Me
• Bharat Itihas Aur Sanskrit
• Parikrama
• Fir Kisi Bahane
• Rah Kinare Beth
Sharad Joshi - Ujjain • Jeep Pe Sawar Llliyan
• Andhon Ka Hathi
• Tilism
• Andhon Ka Hathi

• Tat Ki Khoj
• Jaise Uske Din Phire
• Haste Hai, Rote Hai
• Bhoot Ke Pav Piche
Harishankar Parsai
• Tab Ki Baat Aur Thi
Hoshangabad
• Beimani Ki Parat
• Pagdandiyon Ka Jamana
• Sadachar Ki Taweej
• Shikayat Mujhe Bhi Hai
• Nithallon Ki Diary
• Diwane Mulla Ramuji
• Lathi Aur Bhains
Mulla Ramuji [Father Of
• Gulabi Urdu
Pink Urdu Writing]
• Jindagi
• Angura
• Auraat Jat
Dhananjay Verma • Nirala Kavya Evam Vyakititv
Padumlal Punnalal
• Jhalmala
Bakshi
Raghuvar Prasad Diwedi • Umara Ki Beti
Nand Dulare Vajapal • Parkarnika, Riti Aur Shaili
Chakradhar Singh • Ramay Ras
Dwarka Prasad Mishra • Krishnayan
Shiv Mangal Singh

Suman • Vindhya Himalaya, Parlay Gaan, Hillol

Folk Poets of MP
Name Work Additional Information
Isuri Prakash, Isuri Satsai,

Isuri Jaydeo Of Bundelkhand
Premika Rajau
Singhaji Parchari Pandhulipi, Singhaji

He Belongs To Khajuri,
Ka Dridh Upadesh, Singhaji
Khargone
Ka Narach, Pandrah Din
Legand Of Pandit Jagnik –

Jagnik Folk Poet Of Bundelkhad
Alhakhand, BanaHari Dialect
Ghagh Ghagh Aur Bhaddai Epigrammatist Of North India
Srajanpeeth in MP
Person Place Established/Proposed
Munshi Preemchandra Vikram University, Ujjain Established

Srajanpeeth
Muktiboodh Srajanpeeth Hari Singh Gaur University, Established

Sagar
Shubra Kumara Chauhan Rani Durgawati University, Established

Srajanpeeth Jabalpur
Nirala Srajanpeeth Barktullah University, Bhopal Established
Nanaji Deshmukh Srajanpeeth Mahatma Gandhi Gramodaya Established

University, Chitrakut
Mahadevi Verma Peeth Atal Bihari University, Bhopal Proposed
Shankaracharya Peeth Omkareshwar Proposed

Notes

Famous Musicians and Painters
of Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
11. FAMOUS MUSICIANS AND PAINTERS OF
MADHYA PRADESH
Famous Musicians
NAME DETAILS
• He was famous for Megh Malhar, Rag Dhrupad, Rag
Deepak
• His music teacher was Swami Haridas
• His original name was Ramtanu Pandey
• He invented Rabab and Venna instruments.
• His works include Miyan ki malhar, Miyan ki Sarang,
Miyan ki Tody, Darbari, Kanada, etc.
Tansen [1506 -1589]
• His tomb is at Gwailor
• He was supported by Daulat Khan, Raja
Ramchandra of Kalinjer, Mughal Emperor Iqbal.
• He was great musician [Sarod player] of Maihar. He was
invited by Emperor Brijnath Singh [Rewa] where he
devoted his entire life for development of music/art.
• He invented Sur Singar, Nautarang, Chnadra Sarang.
• His teachers were Habu Dutt, Ustad Vajir Khan [Sarod],

Ustad Allauddin Khan Ustad Ali Adhmad Khan [Shahnai] And Neelu Gopal.
[1881 – 1972] • His major titles were Bharat Gaurav, Sangitacharya,
Sangit Nayak, Aftab E-Hind.
• He is known as Kabir of Music, Revolutionary Musician
• He created Anuprag Vilas, Triveni Gayan
• He was bold, experimenting musicaian who had created
Kumar Gandharva new rages from local folk tunes.
[1924 – 1991] • He also presented Gandhi Malhar
• His teachers were VR Deodhar, Tijanbai Matekar, etc
• His name was – Shivputra Siddharamaiya
Komkalli
• He was great Khayal and Tarana singer

• He belongs to Indore Gharana
Ustad Aamir Khan • He also went to foreign counties like USA,U.K
[1913 – 1974] • His father was famous Sarangi and Veena player –
Shahmir Khan
• He also contributed to films like Baiju Bawara, Tansen,
Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje etc

• He had expertise in Khayal, Tappa and Yaman Rag.
• He arrived in Gwalior on invitation by Jivajirao
Pandit Shankarrao
• He learned music from Bhalkrishna Buva, Deoji Kumar
[1862 – 1917]
etc.
• In his memory Shankar Gandharva Sangeet
Mahavidyalaya was founded at Gwalior.
• He was son of great Pt. Shankarrao
Pandit Krishnarao • His command was on Khayal and he created Sangeet Sar
[1893 – 1983] Sargam, Sangit Aalap Sanchari, Sangit Pravesh etc.
• His teachers include Ustad Nisar Khan and his father Pt.
Shankarrao.
• Also known as Aftab-e-Sarod, Sangit Ratnagar.
• He was exceptionally great Sarod player and his music
Ustad Hanif Khan has Dhrupad, Thumri and Khyal mixture
[1892 – 1972] • His teacher include Ustad Vazir khan,
Ganapatrao, Chukkalal etc
• Jiwaji Scindia and Madhavrao Scindia supported him
• In his memory a Sarodghar was founded at Gwailor
• He had great command over Khyal, Thumri and Tappa.
• He also taught music and was a teacher and principal of
Raja Bhaiyya Poochhwale Madhav Sangeet Vidhalaya
[1882 – 1956] • Taanmalika, Sangget Upasana, Thumri Tarangini,
Dhrupad Ghamar Gayaki were his creations Badeoji Lala
Buva, Anandrao were his prominent teachers.
Famous Painters
1. Maqbul Fida Hussain
• MF Hussain was born in 1916 in Pandarpur village of Sholapur, Maharashtra. He spent a major
part of his life in Indore.
• He was also mentored by Devlalikar in Indore. His life was full of struggles. In Mumbai, he
painted film hoardings.
• The main subject of his paintings was Indian woman
• Horse and Ganesh were also his favorite subjects. He drew a series of paintings named
Gajgamini and also made a film named Gajgamini. He became a painter of worldwide fame
and was awarded by Padmabhushan and Kalidas Samman.
2. Laxmi Shankar Rajput

• Rajpoot was born in 1919 in Indore. He also studied in Indore School of Arts and later went to
JJ School Mumbai. 'Arrival of rains' is a famous painting by him.

3. Deokrishana Jayashankar Joshi
• Joshi was born in 1911 in Maheshwar. He was also mentored by Devlilakar in Indore School
of Arts. He created about 3,000 paintings and statues. He is a school in himself in the art
world. His main creations include: red pagadi, bride buying red bangles, weekly market.
4. Devyani Krishna
• Devyani Krishna was born in Indore. She got her initial education by Sri Devlalikar. Later, she
studied in JJ School of Arts. She has made paintings on life and nature in Tibet. In 1946, she
got first position in International Painting Exhibition. She also made toys and this influence is
also visible in her paintings.
5. Chandresh Saxena
• Saxena from Ujjain was trained in JJ School of Arts Mumabai and Vishva Bharati University
Shanti Niketan. His artworks have been awarded nationally. He also won Kalidas Award for
Painting in 1959.
6. Syed Haider Raza

• He was born in 1922, at Babariya village of Narsinghpur. In 1950 he got scholarship from
French Arts Academy & worked to Paris. In 1953 French govt. Honoured him with Prothelitic
award(France) & Padma Shree. In 1996 M.P. Government honoured him with the Kalidas
Award. He passed away in 2017.
• His Major Painting are: Atal Sunya ki anantata, Bindu, Ansuni Awaj, Ma, Rajasthan, Safed Fool,
Fertility, Nag, Ankuran & Spandan etc.
7. Vishnu Chanchalkar
• Born in Alot village of Dewas district and took training from Devlalikar in Indore School of find
arts. He made Friday Group.
• He was honoured with Beniet Award in 1960. M.P. Government awarded him the prestigious
shikhar Samman.
8. Narain Shridhar Bendre

• Born on 21st August 1910 at Indore, He recieved Primary Training from Devlalikar, His famous
paining are : Avashyakta se mukti, Grameen Jeevan ke Atirikta, Kashmir ki Ghati, Navital ki
Jheel, Utakanand, Amarnath, Himalaya, Prarthna, Gandhiji etc.
9. DATTARIYA DAMODAR DIVLALIKAR

• Devlalikar was born in 1883 at Bidwal (Dhar). Since childhood he was fond of painting. He
went to JJ School of Arts Mumbai. He made many mythological paintings.

• He combined western and Indian art and developed a new style of Painting. His paintings
were influenced by Rajasthani as well as Persian.
• One of his famous series of paintings was `Shakuntala'. He was also good at sculpture. In 1927,
he established College of Arts at Indore. He was given the title of 'Ram Ratan' by Shivant Rao
Holkar
Famous Paintings
1. Nimar
• Jiroti (Hariyali Amawasya), Nag Chitra (Nag Panchmi), Sanjafulli (Kunwar), Navrat (Navratri),
Dushhera painting Thapa (Sil Saptami), Mordhdhwaj (Diwali Parva), Bhaidooj painting &
Madna at the occassion of marriage etc.
2. Malwa
• Mainly made by women in houses. Chitravan is made by the Chitere tribe in the outer walls
of Houses & Temples. Madna is highly famous, made on Diwali. On the festival of Sanja
women make different figures & drawings, for 16 days outside their houses. Rangoli is also
famous. On the eve of Diwali some make Savahi with cow dung on the walls. On Krishna
Janamastami make & pictures of Lord Krishna with colours, on the wall & write Athe Kanhaiya.
On Hartalika make the Painting of Lord Shiva & Parvati.
3. Bundeli
• Chouk painting is widely prevalent in Bundelkhand people there make chouk on every
occassion. Suraiti is sketched on Laxmi Pujan, which is a form of Grid Painting. On Navratri,
unmarried girls make Navrota painting. Morte painting is the painting on walls, on the
occassion of marriages.
4. Bagheli
• On the ocassion of marriage make Kohbar painting, to which the couple worship, from Tilanga
on walls with the help of coal & till oil. Chathi painting is drawn on the 6th days of the birth
of child. Neuran picture tell the story of sacrifice of the Weasel (Nevla) and the child.
Painting Style of M.P.

1. Prehistoric Style : Painting of Adamgarh, Bhimbetaka, Maran Caves painted under this style.
2. Malwa Style : Gupta aged painting style, Bagh paintings painted with this style Mandana also
an another example.
3. Bundeli Style : Inspired and influenced from Rajasthani Style. King Shungjeetsing of Datiya
State introduced in the state.
4. Gwalior Style : Flowished under Tomar Dynasty.

Notes

Cultural Institutions of Madhya
Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
12. CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF
MADHYA PRADESH
• Madhya Pradesh Kala Parishad – Bhopal [1952]
• Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Parishad – Bhopal [1954]
• Indira Gandhi University Of Arts And Music, Khairgarh [1956]
• Madhya Pradesh Directorate Of Archaeology And Museums [1956]
• Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy, Bhopal [1969]
• MP Kalidas Academy, Ujjain [1978]
• Madhya Pradesh Sindhi Academy, Bhopal [1983]
• Madhya Pradesh Urdu Academy, Bhopal [1976]
• Kul Hind Allama Iqbal Adabi Markaj [1984]
• Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Academy, Bhopal [1985]
• Ustad Allauddin Khan Sangeet Academy, Bhopal [1979]
• Madhya Pradesh Adivasi Lok Kala Parishad, Bhopal [1980]
• Ravindra Bhavan, Bhopal
• Madhya Pradesh Sanskritik Parishad, Bhopal [2003]

• Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal [1982]
• MP Tulsi Academy, Bhopal [1987]
• MP Bhojpuri and Punjabi Sahitya Academy, Bhopal [2013]
Note:
MP CULTURAL COUNCIL
This body was set up in 2003 in Bhopal with the Chief Minister as its President and Culture
minister as Vice President.
Following academies have been included under this body-
1. Ustad Allaudin Khan Academy, Maihar
2. Kalidas Academy
3. Sahitya Academy
4. MP Kula Parishad
5. MP Adivasi Lok Kala Parishad
Ustad Allauddin Khan Sangeet Evam Kala Academy

• The Central India Art Council was established in 1952 in Gwalior.
• The name of Madhya Pradesh Arts Council was named after the state of Madhya Pradesh
formed in 1956. This name was in vogue until 2003.
• In the year 2003, Madhya Pradesh Culture Council was formed by the Department of Culture
and its name became Madhya Pradesh Kala Academy.
• In the year 2006, the music academy, merged with the name of Maihar Gharana's musician
Ustad Allauddin Khan, was merged in the Kala Academy. Since then, its name is in the vogue
of Ustad Allauddin Khan Sangeet Evam Kala Academy.

Major Awards and Honors
of Madhya Pradesh
MPPSCADDA
13. MAJOR AWARDS and HONOURS OF
MADHYA PRADESH
MP Awards & Honours (National)
Year of Current Update

No. Name Honorarium Faculty
Institution (Selected Persons)
To an institution
which is working
Mahatma according to 2018 - Lokayat, Pune
1. 1995-96 Rs 10.00 lakh
Gandhi Award Gandhi (Alka Joshi)
Philosophy and
Ideology
2017 - Naresh
Saxena,
In the field of Gwalior

2. Kabeer Award 1986-87 Rs 3.00 lakh
Indian poetry 2018 - Gorti
Vecanna, Hyderabad
Tansen Award
In the field of
3. (Indian Classical 1980-81 2.00 lakh
Hindustani Music
Music)
Kalidas Award In the field of

4. 1980-81 2.00 lakh
(Classical Music) theatre

5. 1980-81 2.00 lakh
(Fine Arts) classical Dance

6. 1980-81 2.00 lakh
(Theater) theatre
Kalidas Award
In the field of
7. (Classical 1980-81 2.00 lakh
classical Dance
Dance)
2017 -
8. Tulsi Award 1983-84 2.00 lakh In the field of folk Kailashchandra
and traditional Sharma, Jaipur

tribal Art (only for 2018 - Vikram
male Artist) Yadav, Rajnandgaon
For music
Lata direction, and
9. Mangeshkar 1984-85 2.00 lakh playback singer in
Award the field of light
music
2017 -
Shamsurrahman
For creative Urdu Farooqui
10. lqbal Award 1986-87 2.00 lakh
writing
2018 - Ghazanafar
Ali, Aligarh
2017 - Rajesh Joshi,

Maithli Sharan In the field of Bhopal
11. 1996-97 2.00 lakh
Gupt Award Hindi Literature 2018-Manzoor
Ahtesham, Bhopal
In the field of 2017 - Krishna

Devi Ahilya traditional folk Verma, Ujjain
12. 1996-97 2.00 lakh
Award and tribal Art (For 2018 - Shantidevi
female Artist) Jha, Bihar
For film direction, 2017 - Priyadarshan,

Kishore Kumar Acting script Chennai
13. 1997-98 2.00 lakh
Award writing and lyric 2018 - Waheeda
writing Rehman, Mumbai
2017 - Yashwant
In the field of Vyas, Jaipur
Sharad Joshi writing of Report,
14. 1992-93 2.00 lakh 2018 - Ravish
Award Diary letter and
Hindi satire Kumar, senior
journalist, Delhi
2018 - Ashok
Kavi Pradeep For stage poetry
15. -- 2.00 lakh Chakradhar, New
Award field
Delhi

Faculty For
individuals and
Nanaji institutions in the
16. Deshmukh -- 2.00 lakh field of socio-
Award cultural harmony
and social
development
For young Artist

from age (25-45
Kumar
years) in the field
17. Gandharv 1992-93 1.25 lakh
of classical music
Award
for vocal and
instrumental
For institutions
Raja Maan working under
18. Singh Tomar -- 1.00 lakh music, culture
Award and art
conservation
Chakradhar
19. -- -- Cultural Dance
Fellowship

Notes

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(UPDATED DECEMBER 2020)

❖ Chapter 1 MAJOR EVENTS AND DYNASTIES IN THE HISTORY OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 2 CONTRIBUTION OF MADHYA PRADESH IN FREEDOM MOVEMENT

❖ Chapter 3 MAJOR TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 4 IMPORTANT TRIBAL PERSONALITIES OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 5 MAJOR FESTIVALS and FAIRS of MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 7 MAJOR DIALECTS OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 8 MAJOR ARTS AND SCULPTURE OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 9 RELIGIOUS AND TOURIST PLACES OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 10 LITERATURE and LITTERATEUR OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 11 FAMOUS MUSICIANS AND PAINTERS OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 12 CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS OF MADHYA PRADESH

❖ Chapter 13 MAJOR AWARDS and HONOURS OF MADHYA PRADESH

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Prehistoric Period of Madhya Pradesh

1. The Paleolithic Age—Hunters And Food Gatherers (2.5 LAKH-10,000 BC)

2. The Mesolithic Age—Hunters and Herders (10,000-6,000 BC)

3. The Neolithic Age—Food Producers (6000 BC-4000 BC)

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Nanda and Mauryan Dynasty

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Bactrian, Sakas, and Kushan Era

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2. Architecture of Gupta era:

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Gurjara Pratihara of Kannauj

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Chandel Dynasty (Chandels of Jejakbhukti)

CHANDELA DYNASTY CHRONOLOGY

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DELHI SULTANATE RULE [1206 to 1526 AD]

1. Slave Dynasty [1206 – 1290 AD]

2. Khilji Dynasty [1290 – 1320 AD]

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Mughal Era [1526 – 1858 AD]

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The Rule of The Begums

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2. Sikander Jahan Begum (1844-1868)

3. Shah Jahan Begum (1868-1901)

4. Kaikhusrau Jahan Begum (1901-1930)

5. Nawab Hamidullah Khan

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Important Events in MP during National Movement

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• Maximum number of tribes in India, live in MP [46 tribes].

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• Second Largest tribe of MP [India’s largest tribe is Gond]

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• Main tribe of Austric race

• Sahariya tribe is the sub tribe of Bhils.

• Branch of Munda or Kolerian race

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• Most primitive tribe of MP thus considered Special Backward

• Location – Sehore, Raisen