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RRP 2022– ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL

HISTORY TERMINOLOGIES
READY RECKONER

INDEX

Sl. No. Topic Page No.

Ancient History Terminologies

1. Vedic Age 1–4
2. Magadhan Age 4–9
3. Mauryan Age 9 – 11
4. Satavahanas 11 – 12
5. Guptas 12 – 13
6. Harsha Period 13 – 13
7. Sangam Age and Cholas 14 – 15
8. Miscellaneous 15 – 18
Medieval History Terminologies
1. Slave Dynasty 18 – 18
2. Khilji Dynasty 18 – 19
3. Tughlaq Dynasty 19 – 19
4. Lodhis 19 – 19

5. Administration Related Terms During Sultante 20 – 20

Period (Slave Dynasty to Lodhis)
6. Vijayanagara Empire 21 – 21
7. Religious Movements 21 – 22
8. Mughul Empire 22 – 24
9. Shershah Suri 25 – 25
10. Shivaji’s Ashtapradhans 25 - 26

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ANCIENT HISTORY TERMINOLOGIES

1. Vedic Age:
(a) Early Vedic Age:
Terms Description
Aval Wells
Aghanya Not to be killed (Cow)
Atithinir Cow fit for guest
Ayas Term used for copper or bronze
Bali Voluntary offerings to the chief by the people
Balisadhaka Officers collecting Bali
Bhishaka Physicians
Dasas Early branch of Aryans
Dasuhatya Slaughter of Dasyus
Dasyus Original inhabitants of Indian Sub-continent
Dhanya A generic term for grain
Duhitri Daughter : Milcher of Cow
Dikshita One who had undergone imitation for Vedic sacrifice
Dvija Twice born
Gavishti Search for cows
Gavyuti Unit of measure of distance
Godhuli Unit of measure of time
Gomat Wealthy person with cattle wealth
Gopati Raja whose main duty was to protect cows
Village headmen who functioned as leaders of tribal
Gramani
regiments
Hiranyaka Goldsmith
Karishu Manure land
Kulapas Head of family during Vedic age
Kulya Canal
Mahishi Chief Queen : The Powerful buffalow
Nishka,
Krishna and Names of Gold coins used during the period
Satmana
Panchjana 5 tribes in ancient India
Pani Rich People
Praksha Mirror
Purandra Breaker of Fort (Indra)
Pushkara Tank
Phala, langla,
Plough
Sira

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Pushan Guardian of hoard, herdsmen , stray cattle

Rajan Kind of chief during Vedic age
Council of elders (only few participated + No entry for
Sabha
Women)
Samhita Collection of Vedic hymns
Samiti Assembly of people in Vedic Period
Sirni/datra Hoe
Sapta Sindva Land of seven rivers
The goddess to whom famous Gyatri Mantra is
Savitri
addressed
Senani Provincial Governor
Sita Furrow land
Spasa Spies
Sthapathi Commander-in-Chief
Suvira Brave son
Urvara Cultivated land
Vajapeya Chariot race
Vidata Oldest assembly (Women were allowed to participate)
Vid Knowledge
Vrajapati Officer in charge of pasture land
Vrihi Rice in Vedic literature
Yava Barley (Staple crop of the period)

b. Later Vedic Age:

Terms Description
Akshavapa Accountant
Agnihotra A simple domestic sacrifice
Ashvamedh A sacrifice associated with Political paramountacy
Adhvaryu The priest of Yajurveda
Aranya Forest
Bhagadugha Tax collector
Goghna Guests during Later Vedic Age who were fed on cattle
Hotri The priest of Rigveda
Kusidin The practice of money lending
Mahishi Chief Queen
The practice of allowing childless widow to cohabit
Niyoga
with her brother in law until the birth of a son
palagala Friend of King
Rajanya Kinsmen during LV phase
Ratnin Official
Raka Benevolent beautiful goddess

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A sacrifice symbolizing cycling process of

Rajsuya
regeneration of universe
Sangrihitri Treasurer
Suta The royal chariotter
Senani The General
Shrauta Grand Sacrifice
Shrestins Elder men
Sinivali Goddess that bestows children
Udgatri Priest of samveda
Upnishad To sit near someone
Upanayan Leading forth of a boy for study under a teacher
Virhi Rice
Sacrifice for attainment of power and prestige/drink
Vajpeya
of strength

Vedic Age Names of Rivers:

Present Names Vedic Names
Indus Sindhu
Jhelum Vitasta
Chenab Askini
Ravi Parushni
Beas Vipas
Sutlej Shutudri
Saraswati Nanditara
Gomati Gumal
Tapi Damanganga
Kubha Kabul
Krumu Kurram
Drishadvati Ghaggar
Sadanira Gandak

Types of marriages during Vedic Period

Type of Marriage Description
A token bride-price of a cow is given in place
Arsa
of dowry
Asura Bride bought from her father
Marriage of a duly dowered girl with a man
Brahma
of same class
A daughter given to a sacrificial priest as a
Daiva
part of fee
Gandharva Love marriage

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Paishacha Marriage by seduction

The father gives the girl without dowry and
Prajapatya
without demanding the bride-price
Rakshasa Marriage by capture

2. Magadhan Age:
Term Description
A war engine of Ajatashatru which
Mahashilakantaka
catapulted big stones
Avanti Ujjain
Ekrat Sole Sovereign Title used for mahananda
Gana Tribal Republic/oligarchies
Ganika Accomplished Coutesean
Kammika Royal custom official
Royal officials to protect the property of
Rajbhatas
traders-travellers
Nivartan and Kulyavapa Units of land measurement
Rathamusala Kind of chariot with a mace
Sartha Caravans
Shreni , Nigam, puga Guild
Santhagara Assembly hall of Gana
Salaka Gahpaka Collector of vote in Gana
Gana-Puraka Person responsible for qurom in Gana
Setthi A rich businesmen
Sita State’s land
Sresthi bankers
Varihi and Sali New Rice varieties
Kalinga Odisha
Anga Present day Bhagalpur
Malla Present day area around Kusinagar
Chedi Eastern Bundelkhand
Panchala Rohilkhand
Matsya Jaipur

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(a) Terms in Jainism

Term Description

Ahimsa = Non-injury Satya = Non-lyinng

Cardinal principles of Asteya = Non-stealing
Jainism Aparigraha = Non-Possession
Brahmacharya = Observing Celibacy

Anekantavada Theory of relative pluralism

Anuvratas Members who observed the 5 principles
Arihant Blessed one
Avadhi jnana Clairvoyant perception
A sect of Jainism under Badrabahu they
Digambaras prefer nudity as they consider the seven
direction as their robe
Jaina One who conquered his senses
Kevala Jnana, means omniscience in
Kaivalya
Jainism
Kevalin Perfect learned
Mahavira The brave
Mahavratas Monks who observed the 5 principles
Perception through activity of sense orgnas
Mati jnana
including the brian
Nigranthas Free from all bonds
Shruta jnana Knowledge revealed by scriptures
A sect of Jainism under Stalabhadra. They
Swetambaras
wore white clothes

Asrav The flow of Karma Particle towards Jiva

Siddha loka Final abode of liberated soul

Gunnasthan Fourteen stages of Purification

Samvara Stopping the flow of Karma

Nirjara Wearing out the accumulated of Karma

Mohaniya Karma Delusion creating Karma

Steps by whom a lay flower may achieve

Shravak pratima
renunciation

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Symbols of Jain Tirthankaras:

Tirtankara Symbol
Adinatha Bull
Ajithanatha Elephant
Mallinatha Water pot
Parshwanatha Serpent
Mahavira Lion
Sambharnath Horse
Abhiaandam Monkey
Sumatinath Curlew
Padamprabhu Red lotus
Suprashwanath Swastik
Chandrajit prabhu Moon
Suvidhinath Crocodile
Shitalnath Srivatsa
Shreganath Rhinoceros
Vasupujya Buffallo
Vimalnath Boar
Dharamnath Vajra
Shantinath Deer
Kuntunath He-goat
Neminath Blue lotus

Terms in Buddhism
Term Description
8-fold path;
Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right
Ashatanginka Marga Speech, Right Action, Right
Means of Livelihood, Right Effort, Right
Mindfulness and Right Concentration
Aniccha Impermanence
Bhikshus or The monks of Buddhism who acted as torch
Shramans bearers of the dhamma
A sect of Buddhism – known as Lesser
Hinayana Vehicle 2 schools;
Sautantrika and Sarvastivadika
Mahabinishkarmana Great Renunciation
Mahaparinirvana Death
A sect of Buddhism – known as Greater
Mahayana Vehicle 2 schools;
Sunyavadins and Yogachara

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Nirvana Enlightenment
Confession of wrongs done by a Buddhist
Pavarana
monk
Patichcha-samuppada The law of dependent origin
A ceremony marked a persons going forth
Pravrajya
from home into homelessnesss
Pattimokha Rules for Monk
3 books of Hinayana Buddhism;
Vinaya Pitaka = rules of monastic discipline
for monks Sutta Pitaka = collection of
Tripitakas
Buddhist Sermons
Abhidhamma Pitaka = philosophies of
Buddha’s teachings

3 jewels of Buddhism; Buddha =

Triratnas Enlightened Dhamma = Doctrine
Sangha = Order

Upasakas Worshippers of Buddhism

The ordinate ceremony when the novice
Upsampda
became the full fledge monk
Upostha Ceremony on new moon or full moon
A sect of Buddhism whose followers
Vajrayana believed that salvation could by attained
by magical powers.
Who has liberated himself from the cycle of
Tathagata
birth of death

Arhat The one who knows truth

Sippa Status of a man

Boddhittva Wisdom being , maha karuna

Paramitas Several stages of perfection

A doctrine associated with Madhymika sect

Shunyta
which means appearance are misleading
A school which gives greater importance to
Yogachara
meditation

Chintamani Wish granting jewell

It was sweet glory associated with heavenly

Manjushri
Buddha Shakya Muni

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A treaty written by Buddhagosha defining

Vishudhimagga
Path to purification

Major events of Buddha’s Life and Associated Symbols:

Event Symbol
Birth Lotus and Bull
Renunciation Horse
Enlightenment Bodhi tree
First Sermon (Dharmachakra
Wheel
Pravartana)
Death Stupa
Sakya- Simha (Buddha lion
Lion
among Shakya)
Rock symbol of elephant, lion,
Anotta Lake
bull
Maya Elephant

Bodhisattavas:
Bodhisattava Description
Amitabha The Buddha of Heaven
Avalokiteshwara/Padmapani Bodhisattava with lotus in hand
Kshitigraha Guardian of Purgatories
Maitreya The future Buddha
Bodhisattava holding books that
Manjushri
describes 10 paramitas
Vajrapani Bodhisattva holding Thunderbolt

3. Mauryan Age:
Term Description
Officers who looked after various departments
Adhyakshas
during the period
Administrative personnel who filled the highest
Amatyas administrative and judicial posts during the
Mauryas.
Title of an officer often used in the Mauryan
Ayuktas
period
A type of tax during Ashokan period. It was
Bhaga
1/8th of the produce.
Dhammamahamatra Officers of righteousness
Gopa Chief priest

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Intermediate level administration was

Gopa and Sthanika
administered by them (Mauryan period)
Grambhojaka Gramika was helped by Grambhojaka.
Head of the village. He was not a paid servant
Gramika
and was chosen among village elders.
The President of the Shrenis (guilds) during
Pramukha
Mauryas
Officers of Ashokan period who were vested with
Rajukas
authority of punishing and rewarding people
Rathakara Chariot maker
Samatata South-East Bengal
Samhartha Revenue collector during Mauryas.
Treasurer and keeper of the stores during
Sannidhata
Mauryas
Satamana A silver coin which weighed about 180 grains.
Senapati Commander-in-chief
Skandhavaras Military camps
Strategos Governors in Central Asian kingdoms
Varnasankara Intermixture of varnas or social orders
They appear to have been the subordinate
Yuktas official whose duties were largely secretarial
works and accounting.

Palisha/Parishad Council

Mentioned by Megasthenes an equvivalent to

Sunderoi
Palisha

Antarvamshika Chief of palace guard

Akshapatal Record cum audit office in capital

Anta Mahamattas Mahamattas incharge of frontier area

Officers responsible for informing king about

Pativedaka/Pulisani
opinion of subject

Kshetrika Owner of field

Arkadhyaksha Officer responsible for mines

Shunyanivsh Establishing settlement on unoccupied land

Panyadaksha Officer responsible for trade

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Sansthadhyaksha Superintendent of market

Rupdarshak Inspector of coin

Sutradhyaksha Officer incharge of Textile workshop

Vijugishu The would be conqueror

4. Satavahanas and Kushan Dynasty

Term Description
Ahara Provinces

Amatyas and Mahamatyas Officers in charge of provinces

Gandhikas Perfumers in the age of Satavahanas

Administration of the villages was placed
Gaulamika
under them in the Satavahana period.
One who destroyed the pride of Kshatria –
Khatiya-dapa-mana-mada
Gautamiputra satkarni
Second Grade Feudatories of
Mahabhoja
Satavahanas
Parihar Exemption from immunity
Stridhana Immovable property that a woman holds
People who built caves for monks during
Uparakshitha
Satavahanas
Troops in royal service during
Valaikkarars
Satavahanas
The outsider ruiling group were
Vrata kshatriya associated in the caste group as Vrata
kshatriya
Vrishali Shudra women meant for pleasure
A title associated with Shunga rulers to
Devaputra
give them divine authority to rule
Devkula A temple of dead Kushan King
A Chinese tribal clan associated with
Yueh-chi
Kushan rulers
Roman gold coin which left its impression
Dinarii
on Kushan and Gupta gold coin
Meeting hall of Buddhist monk and lay
worshipper.
Chaitya hall
It was marked b a stupa or and sacred
symbol for worship

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A grace treaty o rural love written in

Gathasatsai
prakriti by a Satavahna ruler
Ratnadvipa Srilanka
Suvarnadvipa Southeast Asia
Shaska Captain of merchant ship
Niryamaka Pilot of a merchant ship
Purana A Silver coin of Kushana period
Karashpana Copper coin
Chattu Carvan of traders
Pamchanekame A coin issued by five guilds
Shrenibala A guild of warriors
Yayudheya A republic around eastern Punjab

5. Guptas:
Terms Description
Aprahata Bhoomi Forest Land
Bali Additional and oppressive tax of the period
King’s share in produce to be paid by the
Bhaga
cultivators
Periodic supplies of fruits, firewoods etc., to
Bhoga
king
Gupta period administrative unit of a
Bhukti
kingdom (Province)
Chargah Bhoomi Pasture Land
Dandapashika Chief officer of Police department
During Samudragupta’s period, the officer
Gopasramin looked into matters of accounts to recover
royal dues
Khila Waste land
Acted as a link between the central and
Kumaramatyas
provincial administration under Guptas
Mahabaldikarta Chief of palace guards during Guptas.
Mahadandanayaka Minister of Justice
Mahaprajapati Chief officer of elephant corps
Mahashvapati Chief of cavalry
Paura Council responsible for city administration
Record keeper during Guptas. Also called as
Pustapala
Karanika
Foreign minister, Minister of war and peace
Sandhivigrahika
(Guptas)

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Form of a tax i.e., army was to be fed by

Senabhakta the people whenever, it passed through the
countryside.
Provincial Governor during Guptas who was
Uparika
appointed directly by the king
Vastu Bhoomi Habitable land
Vishayapathi Incharge of districts during Gupta period
Vishayas Districts during Gupta age
Vishti Forced labour (Gupta Age)
Licchvi Duhitra Grandson of Licchvis - Samudragupta
 A title used by Gupta ruler as the
foremost worshipper of God/ Bhagvat
Pram bhagvat/param
 Earlier Greek ambassador Heliodors has
devta
also used the title of Param Bhagvat for
him in Vidisha pillar inscription
 A provincial governor under Gupta ruler
Lokpala  It was also used for minor deities serving
as gatekeeper
A group of eight people taking part in urban
Ashtkula Adhikarna
administration
Rajyadhikrita Provincial governor under Vakataka ruler
Sarvadhyaksha A Vaktaka officier with multiple responsiblity
Kulaputra A subordinate Vakataka officer
Udaranga A police tax
Hrinya Kings Share in agriculture
Vata Bhuta Cess for maintenance of rituals
Klipta-upklipta A Vakata tax o cash transaction
Shulka A urban toll tax
Shaulkika Collector of Shulka
Nagrak A elite urban male
Term Related to Landgrant
Akshya nivi, Apraa
Inalienable land grant
Dharma
Right to enjoy the full fruit of land along
Nivi dharma kshya
withpower of ransfer and sale
Bhumichidra Nyay Land grant of uncultivable land

6. Harsha Period
Term Description
Officers who looked after the land given in
Agharikas
charity during the period of Harsha

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7. Sangam Age and Cholas:

Term Description
Kunji Montane region
Palai Pastoral tract
Mullai Pastoral tract
Marutam Wetland
Neital Coastal/littoral
Karai Land tax
Tribute paid by feudatories and booty
Irai
collected in war
Iravu Forced gift
Ulgu Custom duties
Variyar Tax collector
Variyam A unit of territory yielding tax
Kalanju Gold coin of Cholas
Vendar Crowned king
Velir A chief
Kalatika Superintendent of Pearls
Kanatikan Chief of scribe
Arashar King
Vellar Rich peaseant
Vaishiyar traders
Akam A love poem
Puram A poem defining war
A clan based descent group of Sangam
Kuti
society
A memorial celebrating the death of brave
Natukul
fighter in war
Vattakirutual Ritual suicide of a defeated king
Ko King
Ko konmai kondan King of Kings
A assembly of Brahmana in Brahmadeya
Sabha
village
Nadu The locality consisting of several settlements
Nattar Governing assembly of Natu
Nagarakkani A urban revenue unit
Gauvda Village headman
Heggade A revenue official
Term Related to Irrigation
Araghatta Persian wheel
Ervirya Tank maintenance committee

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Term Related to Brahamdeya

Brahamdeya Land gift o brahmans
A bramdeya under a Nadu but free from its
Taniyur
jurisdiction
Miyatachi Superior right of donees
Karan kilmai Subordinate right of cultivators
A situation in which previous settled in
Kudi nikki
village were removed
It means that previous settler should not e
Kudi ninga
disturbed

8. Miscellaneous:
The Mahajanpadas
Mahajanpad Modern Location
Kashi Varanashi
Bounded by Gandak , Sai, Gomati and modern
Nepal
Koshal Capital
 North koshal- Shravasti
 South Koshal- Kushavat (Ayodhya)
Anga Modern Bhagalpur, Monghyur district of Bihar
Magadha Modern Patna and Gaya district of Bihar
Vajji Eastern India (Bihar)
Malla Modern Kushinagar district Uttar Pradesh
Cheddi Eastern Bundelkhand
Its capital was Kaushambi in South of Ganga in
Vatsha
Awadh area of modern Uttar Pradesh
Panchala Modern Rohilkhand
Matsya Modern Jaipur of Rajasthan
Shursena It was centered around Mathura (capital)
Avanti Malwa region of central India
Centered on modern Peshawar and Rawalpindi
Gandhara
district of Pakistan.
Kamboja Hazara district of Pakistan
Ashmak Between river Narmada and Godavari
Kuru Modern Delhi
Ancient cities and their Modern Location
Ancient Cities Modern Location
Hastinapur Meerut District (Uttar Pradesh)
Kampilya Farukkhabad District (Uttar Pradesh)
Sringaverapura Pryagraj District (Uttar Pradesh)

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Rajghat Varanashi District (Uttar Pradesh)

Rajgir Patna
Ujjayini Modern Ujjain
Vidisha , Sanchi Modern Raisen district f Madhya Pradesh)
Atranjikhera Modern Etah District (Uttar Pradesh)
Mhasathangarh Modern Bangladesh
Sisupalgarh Near Bhuneshwar
Prushpur Peshawar
Sakla Sialkot
Saheht-Maheht Shravasti
Khairdih Ballia District (Uttar Pradesh)
Tamluk Midnapur (West Bengal)
Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) , Capital of Ikshvaku
Nagarjunkonda/Vijyapuri
dynasty
Capital of Chera Dynasty
Karur
Modern Trichurapalli
Port of chera dynasty on Malabar coast famous for
Muchiri
trade with Arab
Pandya dynasty port
Korkai
Tiruvenveli district Tamilnadu
Madurai Capital of Pandya
Uraiyur Capital of Chola
Kachchi Modern kanchipuram
Modern Pudducherry (coromandal coast)
Arikamedu
Famous for Roman trade
Bhita Modern Pryagraj
Vanavasi Capital of Kadamba dynasty on Konkan coast
Manyatakhed South of Gulberg karnatka capital of Rashtrakuta
Badami Karnataka capital of Chalukya
Sohgaura Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh
Amravati , Dharnikota Andhra Pradesh

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Term Description
“Great door-keeper” and represents an
official title used in the political
Mahapratihara
management of townships in ancient
India
Lokapalas Security Guards
Kulathi Horse gram
Kataka Military camp
Lowest class people who carried out
Kadaisiyar
agricultural operations

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Gabarbands Nalas
Wealthy householders employing slaves
Gahapati
and hired labourers to work on their lands
Administrative unit formed in the border
Danda Bhukti
areas lying between Bengal and Orissa
Contribution of land or taxes from a
Agrahara
village by the king to the Brahmins
Pariyars Agricultural labourers
Shataka Special type of Mathura cloth
Skandhavaras Military camps

Medieval History Terminologies

1. Slave Dynasty
Term Meaning
Aamir – I – Akkur Master of Stables
Aamir – I – Hajib Master of Ceremonies
Aamir – I – shikar Master of Hunting
Diwan – I - Arz Military department of Balban
Diwn – I – Wazarat Finance department of Balban
Naib – I - Mamaliq Deputy Sultan
Taj – ul – Mulk Closest Vazim
Turgan – I - Chahalgami Body Guard system
Tawarikh A medieval chronical
Bandagan A elit slave officer
Muqti Provincial governor
Iqta A revenue unit
Kharaj Land tax
Gharai House tax
Charai Cattle tx

2. Khilji Dynasty
Term Meaning
Arz – I – Mamaliq Chief of army staff
Diwan – I – Riyasath Minister of Commerce
Khan – I – Khan Deputy Sultan
Mustakharaj Special officer for collection of revenue
Sar - I – Jandar Chief of royal body guards
Open market for sale of all goods by
Sarai – Adi
Allauddin Khilji

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Shahana – I – Mandi Registrar of Market

Dag system Branding of Horse

3. Tughlaq Dynasty:
Term Description
Additional cess laid by Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq
Abwabs
(MBT)

Coins by FST
Adha and Bikh
Adha = 50% of Jittal Bikh = 25% of Jittal

System of sharing crops introduced by

Batai system
Giyasuddin Tughlaq
Dar – ul – Shafa Charitable hospitals with facilities
Dewan – I - Bandagan Department of slaves
Diwan – I – Khairat Department to support for poor girls’ marriages
Diwan – I – Kohi Agricultural department started by MBT
Hammam Room for bath of hot and cold water
Haq – I – Sharb Water tax by Firoz shah Tughlaq (FST)
Jaziya A tax paid by non-Muslims ฀ by FST
1/6th of the booty captured during the war ฀ by
Khams
FST
Sadah Afghan noble

Hajib-i-hinduan A office probably dealing with Hindus

Mir-i-imarat Public work department

Barid Intelligence officer

Svappch Untouchable

Sondhar Loan for agriculture activity

Haqq-I sharab Irrigation tax

A land tax of 1/10th of the procedures of land ฀
Kharaj
by FST
Zakat 2.5% tax on property (by Muslims only) ฀ by FST

4. Lodhis:
Term Description
Measurement of land introduced by Sikander
Gaj – I – Sikandari
Lodhi

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5. Administration Related Terms during Sultante Period (Slave Dynasty

to Lodhis)
Term Description
Military leader + supervisor of collection of
Wazir
income and expenditure
Arz – I – Mamaliq Head of military department
Diwan – I – Risalat Department that dealt with religious matters
Department that looked after the state
Diwan – I – Insha
correspondence. Headed by Dahir – I - Mumalik
Barids Intelligence agents
Wakil – I – Dar Maintained the decorum of the court
Khuts Land owners
Chachar Land out of cultivation for 3-4 years
Charai A tax on cattle
Amils Revenue officers
Ashraf A person of noble birth
Farman A royal order
Tanka Silver coin of the Delhi Sultanate
Hundi Bill of Exchange
Iqta Grant of revenues of a piece of land
Iqtadar Governor in charge of Iqta
Jitals Copper coins of the Delhi sultanate
Mamelukes Slave officers
Muqaddam Village headman
Naib Assistant
Sadr – I – jahan Title of central officer of Delhi Sultanate
Sarrafs Bankers
An officer in charge of an area of land described
Shiqdar
as a shiq
Taqavi Agricultural loan
Trabeate A form of architecture under Delhi Sultanate
A shadow of god on earth – a term used to exalt
Jil-i-illahi
the position of Sulta
Pishtaq A tall gateway
Khut Zamindar
Muqata Revenue farming unit

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6. Vijayanagara Empire:
Term Description
Land assigned to military chiefs under
Amarams
Nayaka system
The collective title given to the eight
Ashtadiggajas Telugu scholars and poets in the court of
Emperor Krishnadevaraya
Nayaks Chiefs of Amarams
Varahas or Pagodas Gold coins of the period
Restorer of Yadava of Bidar ฀ Title of
Yavanaraja Sthapanacharya
Krishnadevaraya

Chihalsutun Forty pillared hall

Kudirai Chetti Horse merchant

Ashtadiggajas of Krishnadevaraya
Allasani Peddanna
Ayyalaraju Ramabhadruru
Dhurjati
Madayyagari Mallana
Nandi Thimmanna
Pingali Surana
Ramarajabhushanudu
Tenali Ramakrishna

7. Religious Movements:
Term Description
Fana Self-annihilation
Khalifah Successor
Khanqah Hospice
Murid Disciple
Pir Teacher
Raksa Dance
Sama Musical Recital
Tasawwuf Sufism
Tazkir Biographical account of Sufi Saint
Maktubt Letter written by Sufi saint
Malfuzat Conversation of Sufi saint
Nam ghar Prayer hall of Asamese vahnaiv saint
Inam Tax free land
Silsila A continuous link between Sufi saint and

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master
Ziyarat Piligrimage to the grave of sufi saint
Jangama Wondering monk
Vachan Saying of Virshaiva saint

8. Mughul Empire:
Term Description
Officer collecting revenue and patrolling of
Amil
roads
Amin Revenue officials
Revenue settlement based on ten years’
Dahsala
average
Fauzdar Administrative head of Sarkar
Ijara system Revenue-Farming
Revenue collection method based on
Kankut
estimate
Land held and managed directly by the
Khalisa
state
Kharkhanas Royal Factories

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Kotwa Officer to maintain law and order

Military rank conferred by Mughal
Mansab
Government
An officer appointed to maintain
Muhtasib
regulations in a municipality
Mujtahid Iman – I – Adil Final interpreter of Islamic Law
Paibos Kissing the feet
Patwari Village Accountant
Qasba A small town
Rahdari Protection money paid by travellers
Revenue collection method based on yield
Rai
per unit area
Siqdar Administrative head of Paragana
Subedar Head of province
Revenue collection method based on yield
Zabti
of crops
Land revenue system based on
Zabti system
measurement and assessment of land
Mughal officer with civil as well as military
Mansabdar
responsiblity
A doctrine of peace between different
Sulh-i-Kul
religion
Chahar Bag A huge garden
Hasht Bishti A Central hall surrounded by eight rooms
The ceremonial hall of Public and Private
Diwan-i-khas-i-oam
Audience
A technique in which precious stones are
Pietraduara
used for decoration
A canal constructed in Punjab during
Shahnahar
reign os Shahjahan
Jins-i-kamil Perfect crops
Mandal Village headman
Kharbandi Scrubland
Milkiyat Personal property
Sanad Imperial order
Manzil Abadi Imperial household
It covers the military and civil
Sipah Abadi
administration
suyurghal Grant of revenue in charity
A light emanating from god
Farr-i-izadi
A concept originated by Abul Fazal to

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justify the Mughal Sovereignty

Jashn –i-wajan Tula Dan
Khawajasara A slave enunch
Tajwij A petition to king
Tainat-i-rakab Noble stationed at royl court
A statement by leading ulema declaring
Mahzar
Akbar as chief interpretation of Quran
Tauhid-i-ilahi Unity of divine being
Zawabtis Secular royal decree
Naubat Royal band
Sarkar A unit like modern distrit
Fauzdar Incharge of sarkar
Khanzada Elite social class
Land Revenue Assessment Terms
Kankut Land revenue by estimate
The crops are reaped stacked and divided
Bhaoli
in presence of party
Khet batai Division of field
Lang Batai Division of heap
Taqsimat Revenue estimate
Khalisa Land under royal administration
A royal official incharge of land yielding
Karori
one crore tanka as revenue
Jarib Land measuring rod
Dahsala Mughal land revenue system
Sair Hasil Most paying Jagir
Zor-talab Areas where it is difficult o realize revenue
Pai-baqi Land meant for assignment
Mulk-i-jadid Newly conquered area
Khud kasth Land owning peasant
Pahikast Outsider peasant
Term for Mughal Officials
Diwan The head of revenue department
Dastur-ul-amal Rule book
Vakil Guardian of ruler
Mirbakshi Royal paymaster
Waqia navis Royal News reporter
Mir Saman Inchrge of Royal karkhana
Sadar-us sadar Head of Ulema

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9. Shershah Suri
Term Description
Diwan – I – Arz Department of military
Diwan – I - Insha Department of dispatches
Diwan – I – Rasalat Department of correspondence
Diwan – I – Wazarat Department of revenue and finance
Sarkars provinces
Sikandari-Gaz Land measuring unit
 A resting place for traders
Sarai  It served multiple function like
market, postal station etc.
Ray Crop rate
Muqqadam Village headman
Dagh A system of branding
Chechara Descriptive rolls

10. Shivaji’s Ashtapradhans:

Ashtapradhan Department
Peshwa PM, Finance
Sar – I -Naubat (Senapati) Military Commander
Majumdar (Amatya) Accountant General
Waqenavis (Mantri) Intelligence, Posts And Hoousehold Affairs
Surunavis (Sachiv) Minister Of Correspondence
Foreign Minister And Minister Of Royal
Dabir (Sumanta)
Ceremonies
Nyayadhish Admistration Of Justice
Pandit Rao Charity And Religious Affairs
Silahdar Loose auxiliary
Paga Regular soldier
Saranjam Revenue grant
Mirsadar Zamindar
Mokasa A land revenue unit

Cities of Medieval India

Cities Modern location
Located in Krishna Tungbhadra asin
Hampi
Center of Activity of Vijyanagar dynasty
Dutch and English port in the delta of Krishna
Masulipattinam
river
Fort Saint George Madrass
Fort St. William Calcutta

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Golkunda Capital of Qutubshahi dynasty

Faizabad First capital of Awadh
Lahore First capital of Slave dynasty
Lakhnauti Capital of Sena dynasty Bengal
Katehar Modern Rohilkhand
Kara Modern Pryagraj
Khambayt Gulf of Cambay important ort for Hajj
Mabar Coromandal Coast
Kampil, Dvarmudra South Karnatka
Glbarga, Bidar Cities of Bahmani Dynasty
Jajnagar Orissha
Hissar- Firuza Hissar established by Firuz Shah Tuglaq
Ferojabad Delhi established by Firuz Shah Tuglaq
Jaunpur Jaunpur established by Firuz Shah Tuglaq
Multan, Lahore Major overland trade-mart now in Pakistan
Agra Founded by Sikandar lodhi
Kamrup, Kamta Cities in modern Assam
Ajmer Center of Sufi Chisti
Hanshi In Haryana
A town in Maharashtra famous pilgrimage cener
Pandarpur
of Maharashtra Bhakti
Burhanpur In Maharashtra
Samugarh Near Agra
Bahadurpr Near Varanashi
Kasimbazar Bangladesh
Ahemdabad, Lahore, Patna, Agra Mughal towns (Modern name are same)
Sahjahanbad Modern Delhi established by Shahjahan

Term Description
th
1/4 of land revenue paid to Marathas, so
Chauth
as not to be subjected to Maratha’s Raid
Prants Provinces
1/10th on those lands of Maharashatra over
Sardeshmukhi which Marathas claimed hereditary right,
which formed part of Mughul empire
Tarafs Paraganas

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