Tutorial 12

Tutorial 12

1. Evaluate the following integrals by making the suggested substitution with a function of u.
1
(a)  ------------------ dx . Put x = cos u for 0  u   . (Compare with Example 1).
2
1–x
1  
(b)  -------------2- dx . Put x = 2 tan u for – ---  u  --- .
4+x 2 2
13  
2 32 1
(c) –1  3  1 – 9x  dx . Put x = --- sin u for – ---  u  --- .
3 2 2

2. Suggest an appropriate substitution with a function of u for each of the following integrals.
(You do not have to evaluate the integral.)
1 2 2
(a)  -----------------------------
3 
- dx
2
(b)  x 1 – x dx
2
 25 + x 
2
3. Verify that the area of a circle of radius r is given by r .
2 2 1 2
Hint: Show that the area under the curve y = r – x is --- r , by evaluating
r 2
2 2
– r r – x dx .

4. Wedgewood wish to bring out a range of spoons with elliptical heads. The block they will
use to cast the die of the head for the salad spoon has dimensions 6 by 4 by 1 cm. Determine
the area of the largest ellipse that can be traced on the surface of the block.

 
5. (a) By making the substitution x = 5 tan u for – ---  u  --- , show that
2 2

1 1
 -----------------------------
2 32
- dx = ------ sin u + c .
25
 25 + x 

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x
(b) Since tan u = --- , we consider the triangle
5

u
5

2
By Pythagoras’ theorem, the hypotenuse of this triangle has length x + 25 , so we see that
x
sin u = --------------------- .
2
x + 25

Hence deduce that

1 1 x
 -----------------------------
2 32
- dx = ------ --------------------- + c .
25 2
 25 + x  25 + x

(c) Check this answer by differentiating it.

 
6. (a) By making the substitution x = sin u for – ---  u  --- , show that
2 2

2 2 2 2
x 1 – x dx =  sin u cos u du .
(b) Next use the method from Part (C) of Chapter 11 to verify that
2 2 2 2 u 1-
 x 1 – x dx =  sin u cos u du = --8- – -----
32
sin  4u  + c .
(c) Hence evaluate
1 2 2
0 x 1 – x dx .

7. Evaluate the following integrals:

1 –1 2
(a)  ------------------ dx (b)  ------------------------ dx (c)  9 – x dx
2 2
9–x 16 – 9x
3 1 - 4
2
(d) 0 -------------
9+x
2
dx (e) –4 16 – x dx

8. Work through Chapter 12 Example 5 with v = – cos x + c 1 (rather than just v = – cos x ).
Hence convince yourself that when using the method of integration by parts, it is not necessary
dv
to choose v to be the most general antiderivative of ------ .
dx

9. Find antiderivatives for the following expressions:

2 x
(a) x cos x (b) xsec x (c) xe
5 2
(d) x  x + 2  (e) x ln x (f) x cos x

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10. Evaluate the following integrals:

4 x 2
(a)  x  3x – 1  dx (b)  ------------------- dx (c) – 1 x 2 – x dx
2x – 1

11. Find antiderivatives for the following expressions:

3 2
1 - 4 x------------------------
– x – 6- 18x – 16
(a) ----------------
2
(b) -------------------------
2
- (c) 2
(d) ---------------------2-
x – 4x 6x – x – 1 2x – x xx – 2
2 2 3
16x 3x + 8 - 2 + 2x – 2x - x + 6x + 1
(e) ---------------------------------
3 2
- (f) ---------------------
2
(g) --------------------------------------
2
(h) --------------------------
2
x –x –x+1 xx + 4  2x – 1   x + 1  x +4
3 2
12. Find  x 1 + 9x dx by making a substitution with a function of u. Then find the integral
again by making an appropriate substitution with the derivative present.
Note: This exercise suggests that we should use a substitution with a function of u only when
other techniques are not applicable!

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ANSWERS
1 –1 x 
1. (a) – cos x + c (b) --- tan  --- + c (c) ---
–1
2  2 8
   
2. (a) Put x = 5 tan u for – ---  u  --- . (b) Put x = sin u for – ---  u  --- . Alternatively, put
2 2 2 2
x = cos u for 0  u   .
3. Omitted.
2
4. 6 cm
5. Omitted.

6. (c) ------
16

–1 x –1 x 1 –1 3x 1 – 1 3x
7. (a) sin  --- + c = – cos  --- + c 1 (b) --- cos  ------ + c = – --- sin  ------ + c 1
 3  3 3  4 3  4

9 –1 x 1 9 –1 x 1 
(c) --- sin  --- + --- x 9 – x + c = – --- cos  --- + --- x 9 – x + c 1 (d) ------ (e) 8
2 2
2  3  2 2  3  2 18
8. Omitted.
x
9. (a) x sin x + cos x + c (b) x tan x + ln cos x + c (c) e  x – 1  + c
1 6 1 7 1 2 2
(d) --- x  x + 2  – ------  x + 2  + c (e) --- x  2 ln x – 1  + c (f) x sin x + 2x cos x – 2 sin x + c
6 42 4

1 5 1 6 12 1 32 2 3
10. (a) ------ x  3x – 1  – ---------  3x – 1  + c (b) x  2x – 1  – ---  2x – 1  + c (c) ----------
15 270 3 5

1 – 4- + c (b) 4--- ln --------------

2x – 1- + c (c) – 1--- x 2 – x – 3 ln x + ln 2 – x + c
11. (a) --- ln x----------
4 x 5 3x + 1 2

10 - 8-
(d) 4 ln x----------
– 2- – ---------- x – 1- – ---------- 2 2
+ c (e) 4 ln ----------- + c (f) ln  x x + 4  + c
x x – 2 x+1 x – 1
2
2x – 1  x 1 –1 x
(g) ln  ----------------- + c (h) ----- + ln  x + 4  + --- tan  --- + c
2
 2  2 2  2
x +1
1 2 52 1 2 32
12. ---------  1 + 9x  – ---------  1 + 9x  +c
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