METALS Presentation
METALS Presentation
METALS Presentation
STRUCTURE OF METALS
1. ELECTRON SEA MODEL
- envisions a regular array of metal cations in a “sea” of
valence electrons.
HIGH ELETRICAL
CONDUCTIVITY
DUCTILTY VS. MALLEABILTY
MALLEABILITY
2. BAND MODEL or MOLECULAR ORBITAL (MO) MODEL
-In this model, the electrons are assumed to travel
around the metal crystal in molecular orbitals formed
from the valence atomic orbitals of the metal atoms
PROPERTIES OF METALS
A. Ferrous Metals
B. Non Ferrous Metals
C.Metal Alloys
CLASSIFICATION OF METALS
FERROUS METALS
Nickel can be machined easily and used for handling alkalis, particularly
joined by welding in concentrating, storing, and
not affected by neutral shipping high-purity caustic soda.
alkaline solutions, seawater,
and mild atmospheric
conditions
Aluminum Has high thermal and high cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window
electrical conductivity, frames, beer kegs and airplane parts
Resistant to oxidation and
corrosion, Has low melting
temperature and does not
perform well at elevated
temperatures, high resistance
to atmospheric conditions,
cannot be used with strong
caustic solutions
Nonferrous Metal Properties Common Applications
B. INTERSTITIAL ALLOY
some of the interstices (holes) in the
closest packed metal structure are
occupied by small atoms (ex: steel)
1. Carbon Steels - contains up to 2% Carbon
- most common, least expensive and most versatile
metal used in industry
a. Mild Steel - <0.2% C
- ductile and malleable
- used for nails, cables, and chains
b. Medium Steels- 0.2% to 0.5% carbon
-harder than mild steels
- used in rails and structural steel beams
c. High Carbon Steels - 0.6- 2.0% carbon
- Tough and hard
- Used for springs, tools, and cutlery
2. Low- Alloy Steel- contain one or more alloying agents
to improve the mechanical and corrosion-resistant
properties over those of carbon steel
- when Ni, Cr, Mo, and other alloy elements content
consist of less than 10.5%
1. Alclad alloys