Clarendon College, Inc.: Roxas, Oriental Mindoro Tel Fax: (043) 289-2538
Clarendon College, Inc.: Roxas, Oriental Mindoro Tel Fax: (043) 289-2538
Clarendon College, Inc.: Roxas, Oriental Mindoro Tel Fax: (043) 289-2538
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
TRIGONOMETRY
Year Level and Section 10 ‐ Rizal
Lecturer Jose Paolo M. Festin
Module No. and Title Module 1 – Angles and Their Measurements
Required Reference Material N/A
Duration of the Study 1st Quarter: Week 1, 24‐29 Aug 2020 (4 hours)
Lecture Materials for Distribution Printed PDF Lecture
Module 1 ‐ Angles and Their Measurements
By the end of this chapter, the learner:
Understands rotations of an angle
Measures angles and arcs in degrees and radians
Converts degree measure to radian measure and vice versa
Source: Mejia, L. D., & Gabuyo, Y. A. (2004). Angles and Their Measurement. In Plane Trigonometry (First ed., pp. 1-
15). Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines: REX Book Store.
Basic Concepts
Unlocking key terms and concepts.
Angles and Vertices
Angle ‐ the union of two rays with a common endpoint
Vertex ‐ common endpoint of two rays in an angle
An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its vertex from one side
to another, or from the initial side to the terminal side.
The blue ray on the figure to the right serves as the starting point of
the rotation, or the initial side. The red ray is where the rotation
stops or the terminal side.
Measurement of an angle may be positive or negative. It is
determined by the amount of rotation of the terminal side. If an
angle is formed by a counterclockwise rotation, its measure is
positive. If an angle is formed by a clockwise rotation, its measure
is negative.
counterclockwise rotation, a positive angle clockwise rotation, a negative angle
When the vertex of an angle is at the origin of the coordinate plane and its initial side coincides with the positive side of
the x‐axis, the angle is said to be in standard position.
There are different units for measuring angles. One unit of an angle measure is the degree. If a rotation from the initial
𝟏
side to the terminal side is ° of a revolution, the angle is said to have a measure of one degree. (1°). One sixtieth of a
𝟑𝟔𝟎
degree is called a minute (1'), and one sixtieth of a minute is called a second (1"). These are the units of the degree system
of angular measure. This system is used in astronomy, surveying, and engineering.
Kinds of Angles and Their Measure
Name Measure Illustration
Acute between 0° and 90°
Right exactly 90°
Obtuse between 90° and 180°
Straight exactly 180°
Reflex between 180° and 360°
Triangle
Reintroduction to the three‐sided polygon
Triangle ‐ a closed figure formed by connecting three distinct noncollinear points of an angle. It has three sides, three
angles, and three vertices
Triangles may be classified according to their sides or according to their angles.
Classification of Triangles According to their Sides Classification of Triangles According to their Angles
Isosceles Two sides
are Right One angle
congruent. measures 90°, the
other two are
complementary.
Scalene No sides are
congruent.
Obtuse One angle has a
measure which is
between 90° and 180°,
and the other two
angles are acute.
Acute All the angles are
acute.
The sum of all the angles of any triangle is 180°.
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, the angles are complementary.
Example 1:
∠𝐶 180° ∠𝐴 ∠𝐵
∠𝐶 180° 140°
∠𝐶 40°
Example 2:
∠𝐴 ∠𝐵 90°
∠𝐴 90° ∠𝐵
∠𝐴 89°60′ 46°20′
∠𝐴 43°40′
Example 3:
Angle Measure in Degrees and Radians
Angles and arcs can be measured in different ways, on of which is by degrees and radians.
Angles are named using capital letters of the English alphabet. However, Greek letters are often used in trigonometry to
name angles and their measures such as 𝛉 theta , 𝛂 alpha , and 𝛃 beta .
Central Angle – an angle whose vertex is at the center of a circle and whose sides intersect the circle.
If a ray makes a complete 360° rotation about its endpoint, the path of a point on that ray forms a circle.
The sides of angle 𝑂 intercept arc 𝐴𝐶 .
An arc of 1° is of the circumference of a circle. The degree measure of a central angle is
equal to that of its intercepted arc. Thus, a central angle that intercepts an arc of 1° also has
a measure of 1°.
Example 1:
Express each angle measure using degrees, minutes, and seconds:
a. 10.5° b. 13°3 ′ c. 42.72°
Solution:
a. 10.5° 10° 0.5° canceling degree units
°
10° 30
10°30
"
b. 13°3 13° 3 canceling minute units
13° 3 20"
13°3′20"
c. 42.72° 42° .72° canceling units of degrees
°
42° 43.2
"
42° 43 .2 canceling units of minutes
42° 43 12"
42°43′12"
Example 2:
Express 95°45′45" in decimal degrees.
Solution:
1° °
95°45 45 95° 45' 45" canceling units of minutes and seconds
60' "
95° 0.75° 0.0125°
95.7625°
Example 3:
Express 28°18′36" in decimal degrees.
Solution:
° °
28°18 36 28° 18' 36 units divide out
"
28° 0.3° 0.01°
28.31°
Angle measures can also be expressed in radians. When a central angle intercepts an arc equal in length to the radius of
the circle, the measure of this angle is defined to be one radian (1 rad).
Suppose a circle has a central angle which intercepts an arc of length 𝒓, regardless of the length of the radius 𝒓 of the
circle, once 𝒓 𝒔, then the measure of the central angle is equal to one radian.
One revolution is 360° in degrees while 2𝜋 in radians.
1° 1° 0.0174533 𝑟𝑎𝑑
°
°
1 𝑟𝑎𝑑 1 𝑟𝑎𝑑 57.2958°
𝝅
To convert degrees to radians, multiply the given number of degrees by .
𝟏𝟖𝟎°
Example 4:
Express each angle measure in radians.
a. 60° c. 135°
b. 120° d. 220°
Solution:
° °
a. 60° c. 135°
° °
° °
b. 120° d. 220°
° °
𝟏𝟖𝟎°
To convert radians to degrees, multiply the given number of radians by .
𝝅
Example 5:
Express each angle measure in degrees.
a. 𝑟𝑎𝑑 c. 𝑟𝑎𝑑
b. 3𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 d. 𝑟𝑎𝑑
Solution:
° °
a. ∙ c. ∙
° °
b. 3𝜋 3𝜋 ∙ d. ∙
Equivalent Values in Degrees and Radians
Degrees 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 120° 135° 150° 180° 210° 225° 240° 270° 300° 315° 330° 360°
EXERCISE 1
Write your answers on yellow paper.
A. Find the measure of the missing angle of triangle ABC.
3. 125°30′45"
C. Express each angle measure in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Round your answer to the nearest second.
1. 315.24° 4. 85.55°
3. 330.85°
D. Express each angle measure in degrees.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
Feedback
If you need clarifications or have suggestions, write them on yellow paper and attach them to outputs for
submission.
Output to be submitted Exercise 1: A – D
Deadline of submission of output 31 August 2020, Monday
Mode of submission For students with electronic gadget For students without electronic
but with limited/without internet, gadget, submit your answers in
scan or take a photo of your answer yellow paper at Clarendon College.
sheet and send a copy in pdf or image
format to your instructor:
via email; or
via external drive at
Clarendon College
Approved by:
JOSE PAOLO M. FESTIN HAZEL P. PALAPUS, Meng
Teacher Principal