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    Recap: Lecture 4: - Thermodynamics of Compression - Basic Operation of Axial Compressors

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    lava
    The document summarizes lecture 4 on thermodynamics of compression in axial compressors. It discusses the basic operation of axial compressors including: 1) Compression occurs through a series of diffusions in both the rotor and stator blades. 2) Axial and tangential velocity components change in the rotor and stator stages, increasing pressure and temperature. 3) Multi-stage axial compressors are designed to minimize losses and ensure stable operation at different conditions.

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    Recap: Lecture 4: - Thermodynamics of Compression - Basic Operation of Axial Compressors

    Uploaded by

    lava
    69 views11 pages
    The document summarizes lecture 4 on thermodynamics of compression in axial compressors. It discusses the basic operation of axial compressors including: 1) Compression occurs through a series of diffusions in both the rotor and stator blades. 2) Axial and tangential velocity components change in the rotor and stator stages, increasing pressure and temperature. 3) Multi-stage axial compressors are designed to minimize losses and ensure stable operation at different conditions.

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    The document summarizes lecture 4 on thermodynamics of compression in axial compressors. It discusses the basic operation of axial compressors including: 1) Compression occurs through a series of diffusions in both the rotor and stator blades. 2) Axial and tangential velocity components change in the rotor and stator stages, increasing pressure and temperature. 3) Multi-stage axial compressors are designed to minimize losses and ensure stable operation at different conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views11 pages

    Recap: Lecture 4: - Thermodynamics of Compression - Basic Operation of Axial Compressors

    Uploaded by

    lava
    The document summarizes lecture 4 on thermodynamics of compression in axial compressors. It discusses the basic operation of axial compressors including: 1) Compression occurs through a series of diffusions in both the rotor and stator blades. 2) Axial and tangential velocity components change in the rotor and stator stages, increasing pressure and temperature. 3) Multi-stage axial compressors are designed to minimize losses and ensure stable operation at different conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 11

    • Recap: Lecture 4

    – Thermodynamics of compression
    • Static and total pressure/temperature variations through a stage
    – Basic operation of axial compressors

    1
    Radial direction
    Ta
    ng
    en
    tia
    l di
    re
    ct
    ion

    Axial direction

    Rotation

    Typical multi-stage axial flow compressor

    2
    Courtesy: The Jet Engine, Roll Royce Plc, 1996
    Basic operation of axial compressors

    • The compression process consists of a series of diffusions.


    • This occurs both in the rotor as well as the stator.
    • Due to motion of the rotor bladesà two distinct velocity
    components: absolute and relative velocities in the rotor.
    • The absolute velocity of the fluid is increased in the rotor,
    whereas the relative velocity is decreased, leading to
    diffusion.
    • Per stage pressure ratio is limited because a compressor
    operates in an adverse pressure gradient environment.

    3
    Basic operation of axial compressors

    • Turbines on the other hand operate under favourable


    pressure gradients.
    • Several stages of an axial compressor can be driven by a
    single turbine stage.
    • Careful design of the compressor blading is essential to
    minimize losses as well as to ensure stable operation.
    • Some compressors also have inlet Guide Vanes (IGV) that
    permit the flow entering the first stage to vary under off-
    design conditions.

    4
    Velocity triangles
    • Elementary analysis of axial compressors begins with
    velocity triangles.
    • The analysis will be carried out at the mean height of the
    blade, where the peripheral velocity or the blade speed is,
    U.
    • The absolute component of velocity will be denoted by, C
    and the relative component by, V.
    • The axial velocity (absolute) will be denoted by Ca and the
    tangential components will be denoted by subscript w (for
    eg, Cw or Vw)
    • α denotes the angle between the absolute velocity with
    the axial direction and β the corresponding angle for the
    relative velocity.
    5
    V

    Cross-section of a airfoil section of a wind turbine blade reproduced from


    Manwell, McGowan, and Rogers, [2010].

    6
    Lect-2
    Velocity triangles

    1 2 3
    V2
    β2

    V1
    Axial direction β1 α2
    C2
    Tangential direction

    V1 α3
    V2 C3
    U
    α1 U
    C1 C2

    Rotor Stator
    Radial direction ! ! !
    normal to this plane
    C = U +V
    7
    Lect-2
    Thermodynamics of compressors

    Compression in terms
    of total parameters

    8
    Velocity triangles

    V2
    β2 Vw2
    α2
    V1 Vw1
    ΔCw
    U
    β1 C2 Cw2
    α1
    C1 Cw1

    Ca

    9
    H2 > H1
    H02 > H01
    T2 > T1
    T02 > T01
    P02 > P01
    Rotor P2 > P1
    T2 > T1
    C2 > C1
    V2 < V1
    Cw2 > Cw1
    H3 > H2
    H03 = H02
    T3 > T2
    T03 = T02
    P03 < P02
    Stator P3 > P2
    T3 > T2
    C3 < C2
    C3 ≅ C1
    10
    No relative velocity applicable
    Legacy Engines …

    Pegasus 11: Sea Harrier

    • Developed in the 1970s by Rolls Royce & Snecma


    • Two spool, 3-stage LP and 8-stage HP axial compressor, 2-
    stage axial LP and HP turbine
    • Pressure ratio: 15.5
    • Thrust: 93 kN (wet)

    Source: http://avionicsdepo.blogspot.in/2010/12/research-on-sea-harrier.html

    11

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