Personal Development (SocSci1) - 1

UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION
Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando 2000, Pampanga, Philippines
2Q - SocSci1 Page 1 of 8
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - GRADE 12
Academic Track - Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT (SocSci1) individual.

(First Semester, Second Quarter Reviewer) - Social interaction builds social ties, develop
language and behavior, and promote learning.
CHAPTER 10: NURTURING FAMILY TIES
5. SENSE OF SECURITY
FAMILY
- Family offers a stable companionship, a feeling that
• Basic unit of the society.
you are not alone in this world.
• Each family is unique as a result of the blending of
- A family is expected to be able to provide that kind
factors that influence the dynamics of behaviors and
of emotional environment.
interaction among family members in and outside of
their home. STRUCTURE OF A FAMILY
- The traditional family structure consists of two
THREE (3) REASONS WHY RELATIONSHIP WITH
married individuals providing care for their offspring,
FAMILY IS IMPORTANT
but this is becoming more uncommon.
1. They are the foremost unit that gave you the first
- But today, there are various types of family that
experience in the world.
exist in today’s society.
2. Your socialization experience begins at home.
3. They are your primary source of security and SEVEN (7) TYPES OF FAMILY
support.
1. NUCLEAR FAMILY
FUNCTION OF A FAMILY • Traditional type of family.
- The family serves important functions that are
2. EXTENDED FAMILY
integral to the development of a person.
• Aside from the two parents and their children, the
- Significantly, the family shapes a child’s behavior
family is joined in by relatives who live with them.
through experiences gained through the years.
3. FAMILY WITH WORKING PARENTS
FIVE (5) FUNCTION OF A FAMILY
• From what used to be ‘only the father working for
1. PROCREATION the family’, and mother tending the home and
- The family is an institution recognized to perform children, both parents now work to support the
the duty to procreate. family.
- Along with it is the duty to provide other life-giving
4. SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY
and loving ways of raising them.
• Setup in which either the mother or father alone
2. ECONOMIC PROVISION takes the responsibility of caring for the child or
- Caring for the children includes taking care of their children.
needs over and above the basics.
5. BLENDED FAMILY
- It may sound like an old cliché, but education
• This setup consists of a couple wherein one or both
remains one of the perfect legacies of parents to their
of them have children from a previous marriage or
children.
relationship.
3. LOVE
6. CHILDLESS FAMILY
- Love holds the greatest importance in the family.
• There are family situations when couples do not
- It is what drive members of the family to do
have children either by choice or due to certain
anything for the welfare of another.
circumstances.
- According to the quote, family is where life begins
and where love never ends. 7. OTHER FAMILY SETUPS OR FRAMEWORKS
• There are couples who live together as common-
4. SOCIALIZATION
law or domestic partners. These couples who are not
- The family provides immediate opportunities for
legally married but living together and sharing
the children to grow through the interactions of an
household responsibilities.
Created by: Jopar Jose C. Ramos | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Fatima Professor: Ma’am Cris Janyne L. Santiago
• There are now same-sex partners who raised a 4. NEGLECTFUL

child. Either that child would have two mommies or • Neglectful parents are not involved in child-rearing.
two daddies then. • They may provide for the child’s needs, but are
emotionally detached, unsupportive of their children,
FAMILY EXPERIENCES
inconsistent, or unpredictable.
CHILD-REARING PRACTICES AND FAMILY CARE
CHALLENGES AND TURNING POINTS
- Attachments that date back to childhood are
- There are certain events that create a huge impact
important experiences that influence your ability to
on the family. It may be changing the status,
trust and achieve a high level of security with people.
dynamics, or finances that affect family life.
- Child-rearing reflects the kind of parenting style
- Some of these are separation or divorce, traumatic
exercised by parents. These are patterns and ways
events, and stresses.
with which parents raise their children.
NURTURING FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
DRA. DIANA BAUMRIND
- Relationships need work. Our family, no matter how
• Psychologist who studied parenting styles,
closely knit, is no exception. Being close and familiar
identified three broad patterns as authoritarian,
is not enough to make each other loved. Family has to
permissive, and authoritative.
be continuously nurtured and strengthen.
• Further research done by Eleanor Maccoby and
- Give your family time, love, and commitment or TLC
John Martin suggested another parenting style -
to nurture it.
neglectful.
1. TIME
FOUR (4) PARENTING STYLES
- Make time for your family.
1. AUTHORITARIAN - Spend quality time with them and fill it with good
• This is characterized by rigid and/or demanding moments.
parenting style. - Be around most specially during difficult times.
• Parents are very strict. - Time with your family also enhances
• They expect their children to follow them without communication as it gives opportunity for family
question. members to talk to one another.
• They do not tolerate misbehavior and do not
2. LOVE
hesitate to apply punishment to control behavior.
- Be caring in your actions toward them.
2. PERMISSIVE - Be honest.
• Opposite of authoritarian parenting. - Be patient and understanding.
• Parents are very giving to the point of spoiling their - When they make mistakes, be forgiving.
children.
3. COMMITMENT
• They have few expectations and minimal
- Commit yourself to doing what is good, healthy, and
limitations.
nurturing for your family.
• They tend to be warm and loving.
- By being committed, you put the well-being and
• They allow their children to be part in making
happiness of your family first.
decisions in family.
- You become dependable.
3. AUTHORITATIVE - You also help enhance family relationships, and
• This kind of parenting is considered balanced. make your family feel secured.
• Parents are authority figures who set clear
GENOGRAM
expectations from their children.
• Visual representation of a family. It is like a family
• They set reasonable limitations.
tree, only it shows more details or gives more
• They likewise empower their child to exercise
information regarding relationships and patterns
decision-making.
within the family.
• Developed and popularized by Monica McGoldrick • Members stay together for a limited or determined
and Randy Gerson in mid-1980’s who used them in time.
therapeutic work. • Your identity is relative and short-lived.
• Meeting is not regular or frequent.
CHAPTER 11: BUILDING SOCIAL TIES
• Example is work group in class.
TWO (2) WAYS ON HOW TO ESTABLISH HEALTHY
3. THE NORM
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP
• Reference group to which you base your
1. First, you get exercise many important skills and
assessment.
show your qualities in different social contexts.
• Holds the relative standard that indicates what is
2. Second, with the feedback you receive, you get to
typical or average.
learn things about yourself that you may want or
• The group has its rules of behavior which the
need to develop in order to become a better person.
members follow.
- According to Bill Gates, we all need people who will • Example is the classroom norms in grade school
give us feedback. That’s how we improve. and in high school are different. Thus, classroom
behavior will depend in which reference group they
GIVING FEEDBACK belong to.
- Be clear with your intention
- Observe good timing FRIENDSHIP
- Be kind in your words • One of the most important and meaningful
- Be specific interpersonal connections you have.
RECEIVING FEEDBACK CLIQUES

- Listen well • Exclusive or tight group whose members interact
- Think carefully more intensely to the relative exclusion of others who
- React positively are nonmembers.
- Be grateful • The structure of a clique is not quiet the usual
friendship circle.
- Additionally, interacting with others gives you the • “Queen bee” is a typical label to a leader of a clique
opportunity to learn and to get new or fresh with female members.
perspectives for looking at things.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
SOCIAL GROUPS • Phenomenon that occurs when your behaviors,
• Refers to two or more people who interact with one ways of thinking, or feelings are affected by others, or
another and refer to themselves as a social unit. vise-versa.
• Our way of making connections that satisfy an
important need: sense of belonging, acceptance, and CONFORMITY
affiliation. • Act of adjusting your behaviors, opinions, or beliefs
to agree with the prevailing norm or standard.
THREE (3) KINDS OF SOCIAL GROUPS
FOUR (4) REASONS WHY DO PEOPLE CONFORM
1. PRIMARY GROUP 1. Acceptance of the others.
• Personal or intimate in nature. 2. Personal characteristics also account for
• Interaction is regular. conformity.
• Bond usually lasts for a long time. 3. In a positive way, it fosters group cohesiveness.
• It looks after deep emotional connection and sense 4. Conformity does not do you good if you go along
of security. with the group even if their actions are bad.
• Example is your family and peers or barkada.
COMPLIANCE
2. SECONDARY GROUP • Occurs when an individual give in or agrees with
• Task-oriented and dynamics is less personal.
the other person or group, even if one holds a attaining warm fellowships among members of the
different opinion about the person or situation. group.
• Compliance happens to avoid confrontation. • Members are encouraged to participate and
• Another reason is the need to avoid any disruption undertake responsibilities to accomplish tasks.
if a complaint is made.
3. TASK-ORIENTED
PASSIVE COMPLIANCE • This leader takes group tasks with utmost priority.
• Another type of compliance that was studied by • Getting the job done is what is important.
Thomas Moriarty in mid-1970s. • The leader will not be hesitant to direct and control
• He discovered that there are people who become the behaviors of the member to ensure that tasks will
passive to keep a hassle-free condition. be accomplished.
IDENTIFICATION 4. PEOPLE ORIENTED

• Takes place when a respectable, famous, or well- • This leader is nurturer.
liked person exerts great influence on others. • Relationships are held most important.
• People follow the ways of the popular figure. • People, rather than tasks, are given utmost focus
and concern.
OBEDIENCE
• Personal welfare and growth of the members are
• Act of following authority figures.
priorities.
• Obedience to authority is necessary to maintain
rules and order in the group. 5. SITUATIONAL LEADER
• This leader carries a leadership style dependent
SOCIAL ROLES
upon the given circumstances.
• William Shakespeare wrote:
• Adaptability to the situation is a sterling quality of
All the world’s stage,
this kind of leader.
And all the men and women merely players:
They have their exits, and their entrances; DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A BOSS AND A LEADER
And one man in his time plays many parts.
1. BOSS
- From As You Like It
• Someone who commands people to do things, or
- All of us have different roles to play that come with one who pushes them to accomplish their work while
expectations. he or she is on the side line.
- The bigger the role, the greater is the responsibility. • His or her authority is the stick that rules.
- Yet, whatever role we have, big or small, we play an • He or she takes credit for the accomplishment, but
important part in our society. blames the group in case of failure.
- One critical role you will get into is becoming a
2. LEADER
leader or follower many times in your life.
• Someone who takes part in group work, coaches’
LEADERSHIP people on how to do things, but lets them complete
• Act of leading a group of people or organization to a the tasks with trust.
certain direction. • He or she exemplifies good role-modeling, acts of
goodwill, and gives his or her people credit for a job
FIVE (5) TYPES OF LEADER
well done.
1. CONSERVATIVE
OTHER ELEVEN (11) IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF A
• This leader is particular with following procedures.
GOOD LEADER
• Accuracy, attention to details, facts, and order
1. Has integrity.
within the group are held most important.
2. Has clear vision and goals for the group.
2. DEMOCRATIC 3. Communicates ideas very well.
• This leader focuses on the goals of the group and 4. Concerned with others’ personal development and
growth. - Studies show that people are inclined to like those

5. Effectively motivates, inspires, and supports the who like them.
group to work. - In a relationship, this becomes possible by giving
6. Focuses on the group’s strengths, needs, and positive feedback to the other which enhances the
interests. good feeling that one has about oneself.
7. A team player, to be effective, understands the
- Additionally, proximity or nearness may also
group’s goals and expectations.
account for the development of one’s attraction to
8. He or she uses her skills and talents that will
another person.
contribute to the accomplishment of the given tasks.
- The more you see the person, you become more
9. He or she cooperates with the group and
aware of his or her qualities, and you get the chance
participates in the assigned activities.
to share moments and experiences together.
10. He or she has genuine concern for the group’s
welfare and effective completion of group tasks by THE POWER OF LOVE
openly sharing areas of concern that they might need
to look into and improve. BIBLICAL DEFINITION
11. He or she promotes camaraderie, observes - The definition of love given in the Bible is already
respect for others, and manages time well. the perfect kind of love; love that is selfless and all
giving. It is an ideal standard to strive for in a
CHAPTER 12: BUILDING PERSONAL relationship.
RELATIONSHIP (ATTRACTION, LOVE, AND
COMMITMENT) A SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE
- Developing a personal relationship is essentially an - Love is a powerful drive that excites the brain and
attempt to experience love: to love and be loved. sets a neurological condition, such that
- According to Ben (Jubilee Project Short Film), true neurotransmitters release different chemicals in the
love was a mixture of friendship, appreciation, and body.
happiness. - First, our body manifests some signs when in love.
- Inside, there is a lot going on as different stages of
THE MAGNET OF ATTRACTION falling in love takes place.
- Weiten (2014) defines interpersonal attraction as
having a positive feeling toward someone. HELEN FISHER
- Covers many experiences which include a feeling of • From Rutgers University in New Jersey noted that
liking, sense of admiration, friendship, desire (lust), there are stages of love, and on each stage are certain
and love toward another person. chemicals that are released.
THREE (3) MAGNET OF ATTRACTION THREE (3) STAGES OF LOVE
1. PHYSICAL ATTRACTION 1. LUST

- Attraction based on physical appearance. • Combination of estrogen and testosterone.
- Often, at the initial stage of dating or getting-to- • These sex hormones, present in both males and
know-each-other. females, motivate individuals to find a mate – being
the main hormones responsible for “sex drive”.
2. SIMILARITIES Indeed, experiments have shown that altering levels
- Many studies point out that similarities tend to pull of these hormones has implications upon sexual
people together to form a bond. desire.
- Attraction can cultivate similarities by influencing
the attitudes or opinions of the other so an 2. ATTRACTION
agreement is achieved. This is what social • Combination of norepinephrine, dopamine, and
psychologists call attitude alignment. serotonin.
• The infatuation stage is driven mainly by dopamine
3. RECIPROCITY OF FEELINGS and norepinephrine (noradrenaline),
coupled with a decrease in serotonin levels. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN A ROMANTIC

• This cocktail of chemicals causes increased RELATIONSHIP
alertness and arousal of the body when somebody is - Keeping a balanced life and healthy relationship
attracted to another, inducing a feel-good reward requires certain elements to be present. Essentials in
pathway associated with the person – increasing the this kind of relationship include the following:
desire to spend more time with them.
FOUR (4) ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN A ROMANTIC
3. ATTACHMENT RELATIONSHIP
• Combination of oxytocin and vasopressin.
1. MATURITY
• Long term attachment between two people involves
- Ability to face what comes to you and handle it in a
the hormones oxytocin, known as the love hormone
way that lets both of you grow.
or cuddle chemical and vasopressin.
• Concentrations of these in the body increase 2. TIME AND READINESS
following orgasm in both men and women – the - Relationships require attention and work.
release of these hormones is believed to be important
factor in long term attraction and love. 3. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
- Being able to express your feelings, ideas, wants,
PHILOSOPHICAL FORMULATIONS and desires are crucial for achieving an
- Philosophers of ancient Greece had pondered on understanding of each other, which enhances the
love. Their thoughts led them into thinking about love relationship.
in different ways.
4. ACCEPTANCE, RESPECT, SUPPORT, AND
GREEKS HAVE IDENTIFIED FOUR (4) DIFFERENT UNDERSTANDING
KINDS OF LOVE - Accepting differences and understanding each
other’s flaws are important.
1. STORAGE
- You will have to learn to let the person be the
- Affection, love between family members.
person that he or she is.
2. PHILIA - Respect his or her individuality.
- Friendship, love between friends. - Give genuine encouragement to pursue his or her
own interests, and allow each other to let him or her
3. EROS
continue to enjoy friendships outside the
- Romance, love between a married couple.
relationship.
4. AGAPE
FOUR (4) HEALTHY EXPRESSIONS OF LOVE
- Unconditional love, the love of God.
1. RESPECT EACH OTHER
PSYCHOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW
- Respect for each other should be reflected both in
ROBERT STERNBERG words and actions.
• Proposed a triangular theory of love which - You do not say words that hurt or downplay the
identifies three major dimensions: intimacy, other’s feelings, values, and dignity.
commitment, and passion. - And most significantly, you have to respect each
other’s boundaries.
STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE
2. EXERCISE GIVE AND TAKE IN THE
RELATIONSHIP
- It cannot always be your way, or the other cannot
have his or her way all the time.
- It will be hard to keep a relationship when a power
struggle exists.
3. GIVE EACH OTHER SPACE TO GROW - Being aware of your skills let you know what you
- It is counterproductive to one’s personal growth to are capable of doing.
put so many limitations upon each other.
STANDARDIZED TEST
- Allow each other to grow.
• An objective assessment wherein administration,
4. RED FLAGS scoring, and interpretation are done in a uniform
- There are also warning signs to watch out that could way.
lead to unhealthy relationship.
PERSONALITY
- Too many limitations that affect your growth.
• Set of distinct qualities reflecting a blend of patterns
- Abuse in any form.
of behavior, traits, talents, attitudes, and values that
- Conditional love.
make a person unique.
- Forcing the other into doing sexual activities that
• Taking your personality into account will be very
violate his or her values.
helpful in making the best career choice.
- Always be mindful of the consequences of your
action. Psychological assessment tools like personality tests
are administered and interpreted by trained
COMMITMENT
professionals.
- Philosopher Jean Paul Sartre said that commitment
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
is an act, not a word. It is not simply saying I love you
16 Personality Factors Test
and making a public declaration of that feeling.
Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP)
- Making commitment means you are going to stay in
Panukat ng Ugali ng Pilipino (PUP)
the relationship, be loyal or faithful, be truthful, be
Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob (Mapa ng Loob)
responsible, and be persistent.
WORK VALUES
CAREER DEVELOPMENT
• Standards or principles that you strongly believe in
CAREER and are important, which influence your decision.
• Continuing journey that covers a lot of activities. • A career that puts a premium on your set of values
• Life path. will give you a greater sense of satisfaction or
fulfilment.
- When you have the skills and abilities, you can do
the tasks required in your work. THREE (3) THEORIES IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT
- If you are interested in what you do, you would
1. PERSONALITY TYPE THEORY
enjoy doing it.
- John Holland developed a theory of careers that
- Your personality matches the kind of work that you
involve matching the type of personality of the
do, the more you will have a greater sense of
individual with the type of environment where his or
satisfaction knowing that what you are doing helps to
her work is.
express who you are.
YOUR INTERESTS
- What do you like doing? What stirs your interest?
- It is wise to consider that one of the things you need
to think about when choosing a career is your
interest.
YOUR STRENGTHS, SKILLS, AND ABILITIES
- It is important to reflect on your strengths, the skills
you have to developed over the years, and the
abilities you have acquired.
2. SUPER’S DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY

- Popular and most influential theory that was
developed by Donald Super, it is based on the belief
that self-concept changes over time and develops as a
result of experience.
AGE
STAGE CHARACTERISTICS
RANGE
Development of
self-concept,
capacity, attitudes,
Birth - 14
Growth interests, needs,
or 15
and general
understanding of
the world of work.
“Trying out”
through classes,
work experience,
15-24 years
Exploratory and hobbies.
old
Tentative choice
and related skill
development.
Entry-level skill
building and
25–44
Establishment stabilization
years old
through work
experience.
Continual
45–64
Maintenance adjustment process
years old
to improve position.
Reduce output and
Decline 65+ prepare for
retirement.
3. ROE’S THEORY AND MODES OF CHILD REARING

- Ann Roe developed a theory of occupational choice
based on one’s child rearing. She points out that
parent-child relationships are important in shaping
one’s personality that will later reflect in the choice of
occupation in adulthood.

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UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT (SocSci1) individual.

• There are now same-sex partners who raised a 4. NEGLECTFUL

RECEIVING FEEDBACK CLIQUES

IDENTIFICATION 4. PEOPLE ORIENTED

growth. - Studies show that people are inclined to like those

THREE (3) MAGNET OF ATTRACTION THREE (3) STAGES OF LOVE

1. PHYSICAL ATTRACTION 1. LUST

coupled with a decrease in serotonin levels. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN A ROMANTIC

2. SUPER’S DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY

3. ROE’S THEORY AND MODES OF CHILD REARING

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