KURIKULUM STANDARD SEKOLAH MENENGAH

Form

Writers
Chia Song Choy
Koay Kheng Chuan
Dr. Ooi Hean Beng
Mohd Khairul Anuar bin Md Mustafa
Rema Ragavan
Translators
Thum Lai Chun
Tho Lai Hoong
Editors
Kanageaswarry Thangarajan
Nurul Solehah binti Harunar Rashid
Tengku Mohd Fozi bin Tengku Mohd Noor
Designer
Paing Joon Nyong

Illustrator
Asmadi bin Abdullah

SASBADI SDN. BHD. 198501006847 (139288-X)

(Wholly-owned subsidiary of Sasbadi Holdings Berhad 201201038178 (1022660-T) )

2019
BOOK SERIAL NO: 0175

KPM 2019 ISBN 978-983-77-1530-1

First Published 2019 The publication of this textbook involves the cooperation
© Ministry of Education Malaysia of many parties. Acknowledgement and a word of thanks
to all parties involved:
All rights reserved. No part of this book
may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval • Educational Resources and Technology Division.
system or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, • Committee members of Penyemakan Naskhah Sedia
recording or otherwise, without prior Kamera, Educational Resources and Technology
permission of the Director General of Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Education, Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Negotiation is subject to the calculation of • Committee members of Penyemakan Pembetulan
royalty or honorarium. Naskhah Sedia Kamera, Educational Resources and
Technology Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Published for Ministry of Education
Malaysia by: • Officers of the Educational Resources and Technology
Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. 198501006847 (139288-X) Division and the Curriculum Development Division,
(Wholly-owned subsidiary of Sasbadi Holdings Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Berhad 201201038178 (1022660))
Lot 12, Jalan Teknologi 3/4, • Officers of the English Language Teaching Centre
Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, (ELTC), Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia,
47810 Petaling Jaya, Ministry of Education Malaysia.
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tel: +603-6145 1188 • Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tun Fatimah,
Fax: +603-6145 1199 Johor Bahru.
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Design and typesetting by:

Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. 198501006847 (139288-X)
Font style: Minion Pro
Font size: 11 point

Printed by:
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ii
Introduction v

THEME 1 ELEMENTARY PHYSICS 1

CHAPTER 1 Measurement 2

1.1 Physical Quantities 4

1.2 Scientific Investigation 10
Performance Evaluation 18

THEME 2 NEWTONIAN MECHANICS 23

CHAPTER 2 Force and Motion I 24

2.1 Linear Motion 26

2.2 Linear Motion Graphs 37
2.3 Free Fall Motion 46
2.4 Inertia 52
2.5 Momentum 58
2.6 Force 64
2.7 Impulse and Impulsive Force 67
2.8 Weight 70
Performance Evaluation 73

CHAPTER 3 Gravitation 76

3.1 Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation 78

3.2 Kepler’s Laws 96
3.3 Man-made Satellites 103
Performance Evaluation 112

iii
THEME 3 HEAT 117

CHAPTER 4 Heat 118

4.1 Thermal Equilibrium 120

4.2 Specific Heat Capacity 125
4.3 Specific Latent Heat 137
4.4 Gas Laws 148
Performance Evaluation 165

THEME 4 WAVES, LIGHT AND OPTICS 169

CHAPTER 5 Waves 170

5.1 Fundamentals of Waves 172

5.2 Damping and Resonance 184
5.3 Reflection of Waves 188
5.4 Refraction of Waves 194
5.5 Diffraction of Waves 202
5.6 Interference of Waves 210
5.7 Electromagnetic Waves 220
Performance Evaluation 225

CHAPTER 6 Light and Optics 230

6.1 Refraction of Light 232

6.2 Total Internal Reflection 242
6.3 Image Formation by Lenses 251
6.4 Thin Lens Formula 259
6.5 Optical Instruments 263
6.6 Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors 270
Performance Evaluation 278

Answers 283
Glossary 287
References 289
Index 290

iv
The Form 4 Physics Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) textbook is written based on
the Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP) for Form 4 prepared by the Ministry
of Education Malaysia. For successful implementation of KSSM and to cater to the needs of
DSKP, this book is written based on three domains, which are knowledge, skills and values. This
book incorporates special features with more emphasis on Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM), thinking skills, scientific skills and computational thinking (CT) so that
pupils are equipped with 21st century skills and become scientifically-thoughtful individuals.
Special features incorporated in this book are as follows:

Scan the QR code on the cover 21st Century Learning Activities

of the book to obtain: Activities emphasize on pupil-centred learning and
(a) Description of themes in the elements of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS).
book
Learning Standards 1.1.1
(b) Biodata of authors
(c) Updated information and Learning Standards on each page.
facts (if available) Computational Thinking
Activities involve:
• Decomposition
STEM STEM
• Pattern Recognition
Activities are project-based with Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) approach. The • Abstraction
STEM approach is a teaching and learning approach that • Algorithms
applies knowledge, skills and values of STEM. • Logical Reasoning
21st Century Skills • Evaluation
Activities involve: Thinking tools
• Critical Thinking and Problem-solving Skills CPS Various thinking tools such as graphic organisers,
• Interpersonal and Self-reliance Skills ISS mind maps and thinking maps help pupils master
• Information and Communication Skills ICS thinking skills.

Malaysiaku
MY PRIDE
Activities include:

Information on patriotic elements, culture and

achievements of Malaysians Discussion Project Individual

Cross Curricular Corner

Information across curriculum related to a topic
iNtegraTION OF INTEGRATION OF
Multimedia Sharing of Problem-
LANGUAGE HISTORY information solving

CAREER
iNFO
Information on career related to physics Simulation Extensive Experiment
reading

v
 ateway to SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY SMART INFO Short notes to help pupils
and SOCIETY understand

Information on the applications of science and

Simple activity for pupils to carry out
technology to society
on their own

Scan QR code to gather additional information

F ile from websites
Additional interesting information on a topic
Formative Practice
Questions to test pupils’ understanding at the end of
each chapter
A summary att the
th endd off eachh chapter
h t in the form of a SELF-REFLECTION
SELF REFLECTION
concept map
Evaluation of pupils’ understanding of the chapter
learned

Enrichment Corner
An interactive quiz at the end of every chapter by
scanning QR code Enrichment exercises with HOTS questions of Level 5
(Evaluating) and Level 6 (Creating)

HOTS questions to evaluate pupils’ ability to Performance Evaluation

apply knowledge, skills and values to solve Questions of various level of Lower and Higher Order
problem, make decision, be innovative Thinking Skills to test pupils’ understanding at the end
and inventive. of each chapter.

Guideline to scan AR (Augmented Reality) for

Centripetal Force in the Motion of Satellites and Planets
Three-dimensional Animations Figure 3.13 shows three positions of a satellite which orbits around the Earth at a uniform speed.
Observe the direction of the velocity of the satellite at each position.

Direction of velocity

Scan this QR code to Earth

download the application.

Direction of
velocity
velocity
elocit
cityy

Then, use the application to

t scan the page ction of
Direction
velocity
city

with the AR icon (pages 88, 91 and 256). Figure

Fi 3.13 Satellite in circular motion

An ob object
obj
bjjeect in
bje i circular
circ
rcular motion
mototio
oti
tio always experiences changes SMART INFO
O
FO
NFO
in
n th
the
h direct
directi
direc
dire
dir
di irecti
e on
direction n of its moti
mot
motionion
on eeven though its speed is fixed.
In Chap
Chapter
pter 22, yyou lea earn
rnt
ntt th
learnt ttha
that a force is required to change When a body moves inn a circlecircle
ircl
rcle
cl
cle
the direction off moti mot
otion
motionon
n of
o a body. What force acts on a body at uniform speed, the body
bboodyy isis
which
hi h iiss iin a circul
hich circular
circula
i motion?
m said to be in uniform circular
circ
rcu
rc
cul
ccula
uular
ula
la
laarr
lar
motion.

88

Page 88
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