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    (G) Electric Dipoles PDF

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    Thakuri Praveen Chand
    An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance. Its dipole moment points from the negative to positive charge. The electric potential and field of a dipole can be described by equations that depend on the dipole moment, distance, and angle. The electric field of a dipole decreases with the cube of the distance and has components parallel and perpendicular to the direction from the dipole to the observation point. Dipoles experience forces and torques in electric fields based on the relationship between the dipole moment and electric field.

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    (G) Electric Dipoles PDF

    Uploaded by

    Thakuri Praveen Chand
    141 views1 page
    An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance. Its dipole moment points from the negative to positive charge. The electric potential and field of a dipole can be described by equations that depend on the dipole moment, distance, and angle. The electric field of a dipole decreases with the cube of the distance and has components parallel and perpendicular to the direction from the dipole to the observation point. Dipoles experience forces and torques in electric fields based on the relationship between the dipole moment and electric field.

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    (g) Electric Dipoles.pdf

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    An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance. Its dipole moment points from the negative to positive charge. The electric potential and field of a dipole can be described by equations that depend on the dipole moment, distance, and angle. The electric field of a dipole decreases with the cube of the distance and has components parallel and perpendicular to the direction from the dipole to the observation point. Dipoles experience forces and torques in electric fields based on the relationship between the dipole moment and electric field.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    141 views1 page

    (G) Electric Dipoles PDF

    Uploaded by

    Thakuri Praveen Chand
    An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance. Its dipole moment points from the negative to positive charge. The electric potential and field of a dipole can be described by equations that depend on the dipole moment, distance, and angle. The electric field of a dipole decreases with the cube of the distance and has components parallel and perpendicular to the direction from the dipole to the observation point. Dipoles experience forces and torques in electric fields based on the relationship between the dipole moment and electric field.

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    of 1

    fiziks

    Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics 
     
    (g) Electric Dipoles
    A electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges   q  separated by a distance d . Its
     
    dipole moment is p  qd and its direction is from  q to  q charge.
    The Electric Potential and Field of a Dipole
     z
    If we choose coordinates so that p (dipole moment) lies r̂
    at the origin and points in the z -direction, then potential
    at (r , ) is: 
    r ˆ
    
     p
    1 p cos  1 p.rˆ y
    Vdip  r ,    .
    4 0 r 2
    4 0 r r 2
    2

    
     p.rˆ   pzˆ  .rˆ  p cos  x
     
    Since E  V
    V 2 p cos  1 V p sin  1 V
     Er    , E    , E    0.
    r 4 o r 3
    r  4 o r 3
    r sin  
    The electric field of a dipole:
    
    E dip  r ,  
    p
    4 0 r 3
     
    2 cos  rˆ  sin ˆ .
      
       
    We can express p  p.rˆ rˆ  p.ˆ ˆ  p cos  rˆ  p sin ˆ .
     
     
    Thus, 3 p  rˆ rˆ  p  2 p cos  rˆ  p sin ˆ
     1   
     E dip  r ,  
    4 0 r 3 
    3 
    p  ˆ
    r ˆ
    r  p

    Note:
    
    (a) When a dipole is placed in a uniform electric field ( E ), net force on the dipole is zero and it
        
    experiences a torque   p  E where p  qd .
          
     
    (b) In non-uniform field, dipoles have net force F  p  E and torque   p  E .
      
    (c) Energy of an ideal dipole p in an electric field E is U   p.E .

    (d) Interaction energy of two dipoles separated by a distance r is


    1     
    U
    4 0 r 3 
    p1  p 2  3 p 1 ˆ
    r 
    p 2  rˆ 

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