Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 731 views

    Reinforced Concrete Design Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Rogie Neth Hallera Abatayo
    1. Working Stress Design (WSD), also known as the Alternate Design Method, is based on elastic theory where stresses remain within the proportional limit and obey Hooke's law, with actual stresses not exceeding allowable stresses. 2. The document provides formulas for determining allowable stresses in flexure, shear, and bearing according to codes such as NSCP and ACI. It also provides formulas for properties of materials like modulus of elasticity of concrete and steel. 3. The document outlines the procedures for WSD, including analyzing the uncracked and cracked stages using methods such as internal couple, transformed section, and moment capacity. Stresses are calculated using mechanics of materials equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Reinforced Concrete Design Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Rogie Neth Hallera Abatayo
    731 views5 pages
    1. Working Stress Design (WSD), also known as the Alternate Design Method, is based on elastic theory where stresses remain within the proportional limit and obey Hooke's law, with actual stresses not exceeding allowable stresses. 2. The document provides formulas for determining allowable stresses in flexure, shear, and bearing according to codes such as NSCP and ACI. It also provides formulas for properties of materials like modulus of elasticity of concrete and steel. 3. The document outlines the procedures for WSD, including analyzing the uncracked and cracked stages using methods such as internal couple, transformed section, and moment capacity. Stresses are calculated using mechanics of materials equations.

    Original Description:

    rc

    Original Title

    322062499 Reinforced Concrete Design Formulas (1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. Working Stress Design (WSD), also known as the Alternate Design Method, is based on elastic theory where stresses remain within the proportional limit and obey Hooke's law, with actual stresses not exceeding allowable stresses. 2. The document provides formulas for determining allowable stresses in flexure, shear, and bearing according to codes such as NSCP and ACI. It also provides formulas for properties of materials like modulus of elasticity of concrete and steel. 3. The document outlines the procedures for WSD, including analyzing the uncracked and cracked stages using methods such as internal couple, transformed section, and moment capacity. Stresses are calculated using mechanics of materials equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    731 views5 pages

    Reinforced Concrete Design Formulas

    Uploaded by

    Rogie Neth Hallera Abatayo
    1. Working Stress Design (WSD), also known as the Alternate Design Method, is based on elastic theory where stresses remain within the proportional limit and obey Hooke's law, with actual stresses not exceeding allowable stresses. 2. The document provides formulas for determining allowable stresses in flexure, shear, and bearing according to codes such as NSCP and ACI. It also provides formulas for properties of materials like modulus of elasticity of concrete and steel. 3. The document outlines the procedures for WSD, including analyzing the uncracked and cracked stages using methods such as internal couple, transformed section, and moment capacity. Stresses are calculated using mechanics of materials equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FORMULAS: Allowable Stresses

    Working Stress Design (NSCP 2010, 424.4.1 / ACI 318M, A.3.1)


    Working Stress Design is called Alternate Design Method by NSCP
    (National Structural Code of the Philippines) and ACI (American Concrete
    Concrete Institute, ACI).

    Code Reference 1. Flexure


    NSCP 2010, Section 424: Alternate Design Method
    ACI 318M-99, Appendix A: Alternate Design Method Extreme fiber stress in
    0.45 𝑓′𝑐
    compression
    Notation 2. Shear
    𝑓𝑐 = allowable compressive stress of concrete
    𝑓𝑠 = allowable tensile stress of steel reinforcement Beams and one-way slabs and footings:
    𝑓′𝑐 = specified compressive strength of concrete
    𝑓𝑦 = specified yield strength of steel reinforcement Shear carried by
    concrete, 𝑉𝑐 0.9 √𝑓′𝑐
    𝐸𝑐 = modulus of elasticity of concrete
    𝐸𝑠 = modulus of elasticity of steel Maximum shear carried
    𝑛 = modular ratio by concrete plus shear 0.38 √𝑓′𝑐
    𝑀 = design moment reinforcement, 𝑉𝑐
    𝑑 = distance from extreme concrete fiber to centroid of steel
    reinforcement Joists:
    𝑘𝑑 = distance from the neutral axis to the extreme fiber of concrete
    Shear carried by
    𝑗𝑑 = distance between compressive force C and tensile force T 0.9 √𝑓′𝑐
    concrete, 𝑉𝑐
    𝜌 = ratio of the area of steel to the effective area of concrete
    𝛽𝑐 = ratio of long side to short side of concentrated load or reaction Two-way slabs and footings:
    area
    As = area of steel reinforcement Shear carried by
    1 2
    concrete, 𝑉𝑐 but not (1 + ) √𝑓′𝑐
    Design Principle 1 2 β𝑐
    greater than 6 √𝑓′𝑐
    The design concept of WSD is based on Elastic Theory in which the
    stress-strain diagram is within the proportional limit and will obey 3. Bearing on loaded area 0.3𝑓′𝑐
    Hooke's Law.

    Actual Stress ≤ Allowable Stress


    Steel Reinforcement Assumptions in WSD
    1. 140 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Plane section remains plane before and after bending.
    Grade 275 or Grade 350 reinforcement Concrete stress varies from zero at the neutral axis to a maximum at
    the extreme fiber.
    2. Grade 420 reinforcement or greater and Concrete do not carry tensile stress. All tensile stress will be carried
    170 𝑀𝑃𝑎
    welded wire fabric (plain or deformed) by steel reinforcement.
    The steel and concrete are perfectly bond so that no slippage
    3. For flexural reinforcement, 10 mm or between the two will occur.
    less in diameter, in one-way slabs of not
    0.50𝑓𝑦
    more than 4 m span but not greater
    than 200 MPa

    Modulus of Elasticity
    Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (NSCP 408.6.1)
    For weight of concrete, Wc between 1500 and 2500 kg/𝑚3
    𝑬𝒄 = 𝑾𝒄 𝟏.𝟓 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑√𝒇′𝒄

    For normal weight concrete


    𝑬𝒄 = 𝟒𝟕𝟎𝟎𝒇′𝒄

    Modulus of Elasticity of Steel Reinforcement (NSCP 408.6.2)


    For nonprestressed reinforcement Moment of area:
    𝑬𝒔 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑁𝑎 = 𝑄𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑁𝑎
    𝟏 𝟐
    𝒃𝒙 = 𝒏𝑨𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒙)
    𝟐
    Modular Ratio
    (NSCP 424.6.4) It shall be permitted to take the modular ratio, Tensile and Compressive Forces
    𝐸
    𝑛 = 𝐸𝑠 as the nearest whole number (but not less than 6). 𝑻 = 𝒇 𝒔 𝑨𝒔
    𝑐 𝟏
    𝑪= 𝒇𝒄 𝒃𝒙
    𝟐
    Modular Ratio for Beams with Compression Steel (NSCP 424.6.5) 𝑪=𝑻
    In doubly reinforced flexural members, an effective modular ratio Moment in the section
    of 2𝑛 shall be used to transform compression reinforcement for 𝟏
    𝒚 = 𝒅− 𝒙
    stress computations. 𝟑
    𝑴 = 𝑪𝒚
    𝑴 = 𝑻𝒚
    Bending stresses 𝐼𝑔 = Moment of inertia of the gross section neglecting
    𝒃𝒙𝟑 reinforcement
    𝑰𝑵𝑨 = + 𝒏𝑨𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒙)𝟐
    𝟑 𝑌𝑡 = distance from centroid of gross section to extreme tension fiber
    𝑴𝒙
    𝒇𝒄 = 𝑰 Working Stress Analysis – Cracked Stage
    𝑵𝑨
    General Requirement
    𝒇𝒔 𝑴 (𝒅−𝒙) Actual Stresses ≤ Allowable Stresses
    =
    𝒏 𝑰𝑵𝑨
    Internal Couple Method
    Static equilibrium of internal forces
    Working Stress Analysis – Uncracked Stage
    The beam will behave elastically and remains uncracked. The tensile
    stress of concrete is below rupture.

    For investigation:
    Cracking Moment
    Factor k:
    NSCP 2010, Section 409.6.2.3 𝒇𝒄
    𝑲=
    𝒇𝒔
    𝒇𝒄 +
    Modulus of rupture of concrete, 𝒇𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓√𝒇′ 𝒄 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒏
    Factor j:
    𝒇𝒓 𝑰𝒈
    𝟏
    Cracking moment, 𝑴𝒄𝒓 = 𝑱=𝟏− 𝒌
    𝒀𝒕 𝟑
    Moment resistance coefficient:
    𝟏
    Where: 𝑹= 𝒇 𝒌𝒋
    𝟐 𝒄
    Moment capacity: Use the smallest of the two Doubly reinforced:
    𝟏
    𝑴𝒄 = 𝑪𝒋𝒅 = 𝒇𝒄 𝒌𝒋𝒃𝒅𝟐 = 𝑹𝒃𝒅𝟐
    𝟐 𝒃𝒙𝟑
    𝑴𝒔 = 𝑻𝒋𝒅 = 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒔 𝒋𝒅 𝑰𝑵𝑨 = 𝟑
    + (𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏)𝑨′ 𝒔 (𝒙 − 𝒅′ ) + 𝒏𝑨𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒙)𝟐

    Transformed Section Method Actual stresses (calculate using Flexure Formula)


    Convert steel area to equivalent concrete area by
    multiplying As with modular ratio, n. Concrete

    𝑴𝒙
    𝒇𝒄 = 𝑰
    𝑵𝑨

    Tension steel

    𝒇𝒔 𝑴 (𝒅−𝒙)
    𝒏
    = 𝑰𝑵𝑨

    Compression steel for doubly reinforced

    𝒇′𝒔 𝑴 (𝒙−𝒅′)
    𝟐𝒏
    = 𝑰𝑵𝑨

    Location of the neutral axis from extreme compression fiber


    𝟏
    Singly reinforced: 𝒃𝒙𝟐 = 𝒏𝑨𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒙)
    𝟐

    𝟏
    Doubly reinforced: 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + (𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏)𝑨′ 𝒔 (𝒙 − 𝒅′ ) = 𝒏𝑨𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒙)
    𝟐

    Cracked section moment of inertia 𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 𝐼𝑐𝑟

    Singly reinforced:

    𝒃𝒙𝟑
    𝑰𝑵𝑨 = + 𝒏𝑨𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒙)𝟐
    𝟑

    You might also like