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    Determining Limits Using L'Hopital'S Rules

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    Determining Limits Using L'Hopital'S Rules

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    LHOPITALS RULE.docx

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    Determining Limits Using L'Hopital'S Rules

    Uploaded by

    Audie T. Mata

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    DETERMINING LIMITS USING L'HOPITAL'S RULES

    The following problems involve the use of l'Hopital's Rule. It is used to circumvent
    the common indeterminate forms "0"0"0"0 and "∞"∞"∞"∞ when computing limits. There
    are numerous forms of l"Hopital's Rule, whose verifications require advanced
    techniques in calculus, but which can be found in many calculus books. This link will
    show you the plausibility of l'Hopital's Rule. Following are two of the forms of
    l'Hopital's Rule.

    THEOREM 1 (l'Hopital's Rule for zero over zero): Suppose


    that limx→af(x)=0limx→af(x)=0, limx→ag(x)=0limx→ag(x)=0, and that
    functions ff and gg are differentiable on an open interval II containing aa. Assume also
    that g′(x)≠0g′(x)≠0 in IIif x≠ax≠a. Then

    limx→af(x)g(x)=limx→af′(x)g′(x)limx→af(x)g(x)=limx→af′(x)g′(x)
    so long as the limit is finite, +∞+∞, or −∞−∞. Similar results hold
    for x→∞x→∞ and x→−∞x→−∞.

    THEOREM 2 (l'Hopital's Rule for infinity over infinity): Assume that


    functions ff and gg are differentiable for all xx larger than some fixed number.
    If limx→af(x)=∞limx→af(x)=∞ and limx→ag(x)=∞limx→ag(x)=∞, then

    limx→af(x)g(x)=limx→af′(x)g′(x)limx→af(x)g(x)=limx→af′(x)g′(x)
    so long as the limit is finite, +∞+∞, or −∞−∞. Similar results hold
    for x→∞x→∞ and x→−∞x→−∞.

    In both forms of l'Hopital's Rule it should be noted that you are required to
    differentiate (separately) the numerator and denominator of the ratio if either of the
    indeterminate forms "0"0"0"0 or "∞"∞"∞"∞ arises in the computation of a limit. Do not
    confuse l'Hopital's Rule with the Quotient Rule for derivatives. Here is a simple
    illustration of Theorem 1.

    EXAMPLE 1:

    limx→2x−2x2−4="2−2"(2)2−4="0"0limx→2x−2x2−4="2−2"(2)2−4="0"0
    (Now apply Theorem 1. Differentiate top and bottom separately.)
    =limx→21−02x−0=limx→21−02x−0
    =limx→212x=limx→212x
    =12(2)=12(2)
    =14=14
    Here is a simple illustration of Theorem 1.

    EXAMPLE 2:

    limx→∞2x+73x2−5="∞"∞="0"0limx→∞2x+73x2−5="∞"∞="0"0
    (Now apply Theorem 2. Differentiate top and bottom separately.)
    =limx→∞2+06x−0=limx→∞2+06x−0
    =limx→∞13x=limx→∞13x
    ="1"∞="1"∞
    =0=0

    Indeterminate forms
    besides "0"0"0"0 and "∞"∞"∞"∞ include "0⋅∞"0⋅∞, "∞−∞""∞−∞", "1∞""1∞", "00""00",
    and "∞0""∞0". These forms also arise in the computation of limits and can often be
    algebraically transformed into the form "0"0"0"0 or "∞"∞"∞"∞, so that l'Hopital's Rule can
    be applied. Following are two examples of such transformations. The second example
    uses the fact that y=exy=ex and y=lnxy=ln⁡x are inverse functions, so
    that z=elnzz=eln⁡z for all z>0z>0 and lnzm=mlnzln⁡zm=mln⁡z for all z>0z>0 and
    any mm.

    EXAMPLE 3:

    limx→0+x−−√⋅lnx="0⋅−∞"limx→0+x⋅ln⁡x="0⋅−∞"
    (Circumvent this indeterminate form by "flipping" x−−√x.)
    =limx→0+lnx1/x−−√="−∞"∞=limx→0+ln⁡x1/x="−∞"∞
    (Now use Theorem 2 for l'Hopital's Rule.)
    =limx→0+1/x−1/2x3/2=limx→0+1/x−1/2x3/2
    =limx→0+−2x−−√=limx→0+−2x
    =−20–√=−20
    =−2(0)=−2(0)
    =0=0

    EXAMPLE 4:

    limx→0+xx="00"limx→0+xx="00"
    (Use the fact that z=elnzz=eln⁡z.)
    =limx→0+elnxx=limx→0+eln⁡xx
    (Use the fact that lnzm=mlnzln⁡zm=mln⁡z .)
    =limx→0+exlnx=limx→0+exln⁡x
    (This next step uses the fact that y=exlnxy=exln⁡x is a continuous function.)
    =elimx→0+xlnx=elimx→0+xln⁡x
    =e"0⋅(−∞)"=e"0⋅(−∞)"
    (Circumvent this indeterminate form by "flipping" xx.)
    =elimx→0+lnx1/x=elimx→0+ln⁡x1/x
    (Now apply Theorem 2 for l'Hopita's Rule.)
    =elimx→0+1/x−1/x2=elimx→0+1/x−1/x2
    =elimx→0+(−x)=elimx→0+(−x)
    =e0=e0
    =1=1

    In the list of limit problems which follows, most problems are average and a few are
    somewhat challenging. In some cases there may be methods other than l'Hopital's
    Rule that could be used to compute the given limit. Nonetheless, l'Hopital's Rule will
    be used whenever applicable in this problem set.

     PROBLEM 1 : Compute limx→1x2−1x2+3x−4 limx→1x2−1x2+3x−4 .


     PROBLEM 2 : Compute limx→4x−4x−−√−2 limx→4x−4x−2 .
     PROBLEM 3 : Compute limx→0sinxx limx→0sin⁡xx .
     PROBLEM 4 : Compute limx→03x−2xx2−x limx→03x−2xx2−x .
     PROBLEM 5 : Compute limx→31/x−1/3x2−9 limx→31/x−1/3x2−9 .
     PROBLEM 6 : Compute limx→0xtanxsin3x limx→0xtan⁡xsin⁡3x .
     PROBLEM 7 : Compute limx→0arcsin4xarctan5x limx→0arcsin⁡4xarctan⁡5x .
     PROBLEM 8 : Compute limx→0sinx2xtanx limx→0sin⁡x2xtan⁡x .
     PROBLEM 9 : Compute limx→0x2extan2x limx→0x2extan2⁡x .
     PROBLEM 10 : Compute limx→0e−1/x2x2 limx→0e−1/x2x2 .
     PROBLEM 11 : Compute limx→∞ex5x+200 limx→∞ex5x+200 .
     PROBLEM 12 : Compute limx→∞3+lnxx2+7 limx→∞3+ln⁡xx2+7 .
     PROBLEM 13 :
    Compute limx→∞x2+3x−107x2−5x+4 limx→∞x2+3x−107x2−5x+4 .
     PROBLEM 14 : Compute limx→∞(lnx)2e2x limx→∞(ln⁡x)2e2x .
     PROBLEM 15 : Compute limx→∞3x+2x2x+3x limx→∞3x+2x2x+3x .
     PROBLEM 16 : Compute limx→∞ex+2/xex+5/x limx→∞ex+2/xex+5/x .
     PROBLEM 17 :
    Compute limx→∞(x2+1−−−−−√−x+1−−−−−√) limx→∞(x2+1−x+1) . (Recall
    that "∞−∞""∞−∞" is an indeterminate form. HINT: First use a conjugate.)

    ..... ..... L'HOPITAL ALERT ..... The following problems require algebraic
    manipulation BEFORE l'Hopital's Rule can be applied.

     PROBLEM 18 : Compute limx→0+ x⋅lnx limx→0+ x⋅ln⁡x .


     PROBLEM 19 : Compute limx→0+ x⋅(lnx)2 limx→0+ x⋅(ln⁡x)2 .
     PROBLEM 20 : Compute limx→0+ lnx⋅tanx limx→0+ ln⁡x⋅tan⁡x .
     PROBLEM 21 : Compute limx→0+ xsinx limx→0+ xsin⁡x .
     PROBLEM 22 : Compute limx→∞ (1+3/x)x limx→∞ (1+3/x)x .
     PROBLEM 23 : Compute limx→0 (1−x)1/x limx→0 (1−x)1/x .
     PROBLEM 24 : Compute limx→0+ (tanx)x2 limx→0+ (tan⁡x)x2 .
     PROBLEM 25 : Compute limx→∞ x1/x√ limx→∞ x1/x .
     PROBLEM 26 : Compute limx→∞ (lnx)1/x limx→∞ (ln⁡x)1/x .
    𝑋
     PROBLEM 27 : Compute limx→0+ 𝑋 𝑋 limx→0+ xxx .
     PROBLEM 28 : Consider the
    problem limx→∞ 3x+sinx2x limx→∞ 3x+sin⁡x2x .
    a.) Use the Squeeze Principle to evaluate this limit.
    b.) Apply l'Hopital's Rule to this limit.
    c.) What do your answers in part a.) and b.) say about l'Hopital's Rule ?

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