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    Intermediate Python Ch4 Slides

    Uploaded by

    Peter Hordijk
    This document discusses Python loops and data structures. It covers for loops, while loops, and how to loop over lists, dictionaries, strings, and NumPy arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate looping over each of these data types and printing or modifying elements. Key concepts explained include using enumerate() to loop over lists with indexes, using items() to loop over dictionary key-value pairs, and how to access elements in 2D NumPy arrays.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Intermediate Python Ch4 Slides

    Uploaded by

    Peter Hordijk
    224 views39 pages
    This document discusses Python loops and data structures. It covers for loops, while loops, and how to loop over lists, dictionaries, strings, and NumPy arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate looping over each of these data types and printing or modifying elements. Key concepts explained include using enumerate() to loop over lists with indexes, using items() to loop over dictionary key-value pairs, and how to access elements in 2D NumPy arrays.

    Original Description:

    Python course chapter 4 slides

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    This document discusses Python loops and data structures. It covers for loops, while loops, and how to loop over lists, dictionaries, strings, and NumPy arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate looping over each of these data types and printing or modifying elements. Key concepts explained include using enumerate() to loop over lists with indexes, using items() to loop over dictionary key-value pairs, and how to access elements in 2D NumPy arrays.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    224 views39 pages

    Intermediate Python Ch4 Slides

    Uploaded by

    Peter Hordijk
    This document discusses Python loops and data structures. It covers for loops, while loops, and how to loop over lists, dictionaries, strings, and NumPy arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate looping over each of these data types and printing or modifying elements. Key concepts explained include using enumerate() to loop over lists with indexes, using items() to loop over dictionary key-value pairs, and how to access elements in 2D NumPy arrays.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 39
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that while loops allow repeated execution of a block of code as long as a condition is met, and for loops iterate over a sequence, executing an expression for each item.

    While loops in Python are used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a condition is met. They are commonly used for tasks like numerical calculations that require repeating an action until a condition is reached.

    A for loop in Python iterates over a sequence, executing an expression for each item. It takes the form 'for variable in sequence: expression' where the variable takes on each value from the sequence in turn and the expression is executed. This allows efficiently iterating through lists, tuples, dictionaries and other sequences.

    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    while loop
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    if-elif-else
    ! control.py
    Goes through construct only once!
    z = 6
    if z % 2 == 0 : True
    print("z is divisible by 2") Executed
    elif z % 3 == 0 :
    print("z is divisible by 3")
    else :
    print("z is neither divisible by 2 nor by 3")

    ... Moving on

    While loop = repeated if statement


    Intermediate Python For Data Science

    While
    while condition : "
    expression

    Numerically calculating model

    "repeating action until condition is met

    Example
    Error starts at 50

    Divide error by 4 on every run

    Continue until error no longer > 1


    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    While Error starts at 50


    Divide error by 4 on every run
    Continue until error no longer > 1
    while condition :
    expression
    "

    ! while_loop.py

    error = 50.0

    while error > 1 :


    error = error / 4
    print(error)
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    While while condition :


    expression
    "

    ! while_loop.py

    error = 50.0
    50.0
    while error > 1 : True
    error = error / 4
    print(error)

    Output:
    12.5
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    While while condition :


    expression
    "

    ! while_loop.py

    error = 50.0
    12.5
    while error > 1 : True
    error = error / 4
    print(error)

    Output:
    12.5
    3.125
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    While while condition :


    expression
    "

    ! while_loop.py

    error = 50.0
    3.125
    while error > 1 : True
    error = error / 4
    print(error)

    Output:
    12.5
    3.125
    0.78125
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    While while condition :


    expression
    "

    ! while_loop.py

    error = 50.0
    0.78125
    while error > 1 : False
    error = error / 4 not executed
    print(error)

    Output:
    12.5
    3.125
    0.78125
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    While while condition :


    expression
    "

    ! while_loop.py

    error = 50.0

    while error > 1 : always True


    # error = error / 4
    print(error)

    Output:
    50
    50
    50
    50 DataCamp: session disconnected
    50 Local system: Control + C
    50
    50
    ...
    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    Lets practice!
    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    for loop
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    for loop
    for var in seq : !
    expression

    "for each var in seq, execute expression"


    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    fam
    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]


    print(fam)

    Output:
    [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    fam
    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]


    print(fam[0])
    print(fam[1])
    print(fam[2])
    print(fam[3])

    Output:
    1.73
    1.68
    1.71
    1.89
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    for loop for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]

    for height in fam :


    print(height)
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    for loop for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]

    for height in fam :


    print(height) first iteration
    height = 1.73

    Output:
    1.73
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    for loop for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]

    for height in fam :


    print(height) second iteration
    height = 1.68

    Output:
    1.73
    1.68
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    for loop for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]

    for height in fam :


    print(height)
    no access to indexes

    Output:
    1.73
    1.68
    1.71
    1.89
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    for loop for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]

    ???

    Output:
    1.73 index 0: 1.73
    1.68 index 1: 1.68
    1.71 index 2: 1.71
    1.89 index 3: 1.89
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    enumerate for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " family.py

    fam = [1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89]

    for index, height in enumerate(fam) :


    print("index " + str(index) + ": " + str(height))

    Output:
    index 0: 1.73
    index 1: 1.68
    index 2: 1.71
    index 3: 1.89
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Loop over string for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " strloop.py

    for c in "family" :
    print(c.capitalize())

    Output:
    F
    A
    M
    I
    L
    Y
    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    Lets practice!
    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    Loop Data Structures


    Part 1
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Dictionary for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " dictloop.py

    world = { "afghanistan":30.55,
    "albania":2.77,
    "algeria":39.21 }

    for key, value in world :


    print(key + " -- " + str(value))

    Output:
    ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Dictionary for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " dictloop.py

    world = { "afghanistan":30.55,
    "albania":2.77,
    "algeria":39.21 }

    for key, value in world.items() :


    print(key + " -- " + str(value))

    Output:
    algeria -- 39.21
    afghanistan -- 30.55
    albania -- 2.77
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Dictionary for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " dictloop.py

    world = { "afghanistan":30.55,
    "albania":2.77,
    "algeria":39.21 }
    key value
    for k, v in world.items() :
    print(k + " -- " + str(v))

    Output:
    algeria -- 39.21
    afghanistan -- 30.55
    albania -- 2.77
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Numpy Arrays for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " nploop.py

    import numpy as np
    np_height = np.array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])
    np_weight = np.array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])
    bmi = np_weight / np_height ** 2
    for val in bmi :
    print(val)

    Output:
    21.852
    20.975
    21.750
    24.747
    21.441
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    2D Numpy Arrays for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " np2dloop.py

    import numpy as np
    np_height = np.array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])
    np_weight = np.array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])
    meas = np.array([np_height, np_weight])
    for val in meas :
    print(val)

    Output:
    [ 1.73 1.68 1.71 1.89 1.79]
    [ 65.4 59.2 63.6 88.4 68.7]
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    2D Numpy Arrays for var in seq :


    expression
    !

    " np2dloop.py

    import numpy as np
    np_height = np.array([1.73, 1.68, 1.71, 1.89, 1.79])
    np_weight = np.array([65.4, 59.2, 63.6, 88.4, 68.7])
    meas = np.array([np_height, np_weight])
    for val in np.nditer(meas) :
    print(val)

    Output: Output (cont):


    1.73 65.4
    1.68 59.2
    1.71 63.6
    1.89 88.4
    1.79 68.7
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Recap
    Dictionary
    for key, val in my_dict.items() :
    Numpy array
    for val in np.nditer(my_array) :
    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    Lets practice!
    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    Loop Data Structures


    Part 2
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    brics BR
    RU
    IN
    country
    Brazil
    Russia
    India
    capital
    Brasilia
    Moscow
    New Delhi
    area
    8.516
    17.100
    3.286
    population
    200.40
    143.50
    1252.00
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00
    ! dfloop.py SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98

    import pandas as pd
    brics = pd.read_csv("brics.csv", index_col = 0)
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    for, first try BR


    RU
    IN
    country
    Brazil
    Russia
    India
    capital
    Brasilia
    Moscow
    New Delhi
    area
    8.516
    17.100
    3.286
    population
    200.40
    143.50
    1252.00
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00
    ! dfloop.py SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98

    import pandas as pd
    brics = pd.read_csv("brics.csv", index_col = 0)

    for val in brics :


    print(val)

    Output:
    country
    capital
    area
    population
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    iterrows BR
    RU
    IN
    country
    Brazil
    Russia
    India
    capital
    Brasilia
    Moscow
    New Delhi
    area
    8.516
    17.100
    3.286
    population
    200.40
    143.50
    1252.00
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00
    ! dfloop.py SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98

    import pandas as pd
    brics = pd.read_csv("brics.csv", index_col = 0)

    for lab, row in brics.iterrows() :


    print(lab)
    print(row)

    Output: Output (cont):


    BR RU
    country Brazil country Russia
    capital Brasilia capital Moscow
    area 8.516 area 17.1
    population 200.4 population 143.5
    Name: BR, dtype: object Name: RU, dtype: object
    ... IN ...
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Selective print BR
    RU
    IN
    country
    Brazil
    Russia
    India
    capital
    Brasilia
    Moscow
    New Delhi
    area
    8.516
    17.100
    3.286
    population
    200.40
    143.50
    1252.00
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00
    ! dfloop.py SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98

    import pandas as pd
    brics = pd.read_csv("brics.csv", index_col = 0)

    for lab, row in brics.iterrows() :


    print(lab + ": " + row["capital"])

    Output:
    BR: Brasilia
    RU: Moscow
    IN: New Delhi
    CH: Beijing
    SA: Pretoria
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    Add column BR
    RU
    IN
    country
    Brazil
    Russia
    India
    capital
    Brasilia
    Moscow
    New Delhi
    area
    8.516
    17.100
    3.286
    population
    200.40
    143.50
    1252.00
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00
    ! dfloop.py SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98

    import pandas as pd
    brics = pd.read_csv("brics.csv", index_col = 0)

    for lab, row in brics.iterrows() :


    brics.loc[lab, "name_length"] = len(row["country"])
    print(brics)
    Creating Series on every iteration

    Output:
    country capital area population name_length
    BR Brazil Brasilia 8.516 200.40 6
    RU Russia Moscow 17.100 143.50 6
    IN India New Delhi 3.286 1252.00 5
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00 5
    SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98 12
    Intermediate Python for Data Science

    apply BR
    RU
    IN
    country
    Brazil
    Russia
    India
    capital
    Brasilia
    Moscow
    New Delhi
    area
    8.516
    17.100
    3.286
    population
    200.40
    143.50
    1252.00
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00
    ! dfloop.py SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98

    import pandas as pd
    brics = pd.read_csv("brics.csv", index_col = 0)

    brics["name_length"] = brics["country"].apply(len)

    print(brics) len()

    Output:
    country capital area population name_length
    BR Brazil Brasilia 8.516 200.40 6
    RU Russia Moscow 17.100 143.50 6
    IN India New Delhi 3.286 1252.00 5
    CH China Beijing 9.597 1357.00 5
    SA South Africa Pretoria 1.221 52.98 12
    INTERMEDIATE PYTHON FOR DATA SCIENCE

    Lets practice!

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