EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

PART A
1.The resistance of two wires is 25 when connected in series and 6 when connected in
parallel. Calculate the resistance of each wire.

Rs = R1 + R2 = 25
Rp =

R1 R2
150
= 6 R1 R2 6 25 150 R1
R1 + R2
R2

Hence we have, R2 2 25R2 150 0 R2 15 or 10

R1 = 10 or 15
2. Distinguish between mesh and loop of a circuit.

A loop is any closed path of a network. A mesh is the most elementary form of a loop.
In the circuit shown in Fig ABEFA and BCDEB are meshes but ABCDEFA is not a mesh
because it encloses the above two loops.

3. State Reciprocity theorem.

The reciprocity theorem states that in a linear, bilateral single source network the ratio
of excitation (input) to response (output) is constant when the positions of excitation
and response are interchanged.
4. What is the condition for maximum power transfer in DC and Ac circuits?
In DC circuits maximum power is transferred to the load when RL = Rg
In AC circuits maximum power is transferred to the load when RL = z g or Z L = Zg*

5. Define co efficient of coupling.

The fraction of the magnetic flux produced by one oil linking with the other coil is
known as coefficient of coupling between two coils.
6. A series RLC circuit has L 100 mH , and C 0.1 f . Find the resonant frequency.
The resonant frequency is 0

1
1

10 K rad / sec
LC
0.1 0.1 106

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

7. In a series RLC circuit has L 2H , and C 5 f . Determine the value of R to give critical
damping.
The condition for the critically damped response is,
2

1
R

2 L LC

R2

L
1265 farad
C

8.Define time constant of RL circuit.

The time constant of RL transient circuit is,

L
sec
R

.It is defined as the time taken by

the current response to reach 63.2 % of its final value.

9. A three phase, 400 Volts is given to balanced star connected load of 8 j 6 . Find the
line current.
The line voltage is,

(EE1151 MAY 2012)

VL 440Volts

In a star connected system, line current is equal to phase current.

Hence the line currents are,
IR

VRN
V 00
400
L

23.1 370 Amps

0
Z
3 (8 j 6)
3 (1037 )

10. What are the advantages of three phase system?

(EE1151 NOV 13,15)

The output of a three phase machine generating electricity is more than the
output of a single phase machine of the same size.
Three phase power transmission is more economical than single power
transmission.
The power factor of three phase system is better than single phase system.
The power output of a symmetrical three phase system is steady while that of
single phase system is fluctuating.
PART B
11.a.i) Determine the current

I L in

the circuit shown in Fig below.

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(8)

EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

Solution:
Let i1 , i2 and i3 be the mesh currents as indicated in Fig

By inspection the loop basis matrix is,

9 3
3 9

3 5

3
5
9

i1 4

i2 6
i3 8

Using Grammars rule the above matrix is solved for

current i2 and i3 .

252
9 4 3
i2 3 6 5 168
3 8 9

i2

i2 168

0.65 Amps

258

9 3 4
i3 3 9 6 420
3 5 8

i3

i3 420

1.63 Amps
258

The current I L i2 i3 0.65 1.63 0.978 Amps

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

11.a.ii). What is the voltage across terminals A and B in the circuit shown in Fig below.
[8]

Solution:
The given circuit is redrawn and shown in Fig..
Referring to Fig..,
i1

6
0.6 Amps
10

i2

12
0.86 Amps
14

Applying KVL to loop ABCDA,

VAB 4 i1 4 i2 12 0

VAB 4 0.86 4 0.6 12 10.96Volts

11.b.i) Three loads A, B and C are connected in parallel to a 240 V source. Load A takes
9.6 KW, Load B takes and Load C has a resistance of 4.8. Calculate (1) RA and RB (2)
The total current (3) The total power and (4) equivalent resistance.(8)
Solution:
i)

V2
2402
RA
6
RA
9600

RB

V 240

4
IB
60

ii) I A

IC

240
40 Amps
6

240
50 Amps
4.8

The total current is, IT I A I B IC 150 Amps

iii) The total power is, PT VIT 240 150 36000 watts

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EE6201-Circuit Theory
iv) The equivalent resistance is, Req

MAY 2016

Answer key

1 1 1

1.846
6 4 4.8

11.b.ii) For the circuit shown in Fig below find the total current IT ,phase angle and power
factor.
(8)
(EE1151 NOV 2012/R 2008)

Solution:
X L L 2 100 0.1=62.83

XC

1
1

= 15.92
C 2 100 100 10-6

ZT 10 j15.92 30 j 62.83 34.697.05o

IT

50
50

1.44 7.05o Amps

ZT 34.697.05o

The phase angle is, 7.05o

The power factor is, cos cos7.05 0.9925

12.a. Find the voltage across 5 resistor in the circuit shown in Fig., using source
transformation technique and verify the results using mesh analysis.
[16]
(EE1151 MAY 2012)

Solution:
Let i1 , i2 and i3 be the mesh currents as indicated in Fig.
By inspection the loop basis matrix is,

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

7 4 0 i1 67
4 15 6 i 152

2
0 6 13 i3 74

Using Grammars rule the above matrix is solved for current i2 .

905

7 67 0
i2 4 152 6 7240
0 74 13

i2

i2
8 Amps

The voltage across 5 resistor is, V4 5i2 40Volts

Source transformation technique:
All the voltage sources are converted into current sources & the resulting circuit is
shown in Fig.,

The reduced circuit diagram is shown in Fig below

Further simplifying the resulting circuit is,

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

The voltage across 5 resistor is, V4 5

MAY 2016

35.86 57 13.25
3.23 5 1.71

Answer key

40Volts

12.b.Obtain the Nortons equivalent circuit and find the maximum power that can be
transferred to the 100 load resistance in the network shown in Fig below

(16)

Solution:
The 100 is removed and the terminals are made open.
To find Rth , the batteries are short circuited.

Rth 220 || 470 200 || 330 274.4

To find Isc:
The output terminals are short circuited and the current is Isc.

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

The loop equations are written in matrix form results in,

690 470 0 i1 10
470 800 330 i 0

2
0
330 530 i3 5
Using Grammars rule the matrix is solved for current i2 .
100342000

690 10 0
i 2 470 0 330 1352500
0
5 530
I sc = i2 = 13.5 mAmps

The Nortons equivalent circuit is,

For maximum power transfer RL Rth 274.4

The load current is,
I L 13.5

274.4
6.75 mAmps
274.4 274.4

The maximum power transferred to the load resistance is,

PL 6.752 274.4 12.5 mwatts

13.a. Determine the resonant frequency, band width and quality factor of the coil for the
series resonant circuit with R 10 , L 0.1H and

C 10 f

. Derive the formula used for

(16)

bandwidth.

Solution:
The resonant frequency is 0

The quality factor is,

1
1

1000 rad / s
LC
0.1 10 106

0 L 1000 0.1

10
R
10

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

At the half-power frequencies the net reactance is equal to the resistance. At the lower
half-power frequency the capacitive reactance exceeds the inductive reactance. Then,

1
1 L R
1C
1 12 LC 1CR

12 1

R
1

0
L LC
2

From which, 1

R
1
R

2L
2 L LC

1
R
If
then,
LC
2L

R
1
R

o
2L
2L
LC

At the upper half power frequency the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.
Then

2 L

1
R
2C

22 LC 1 2CR
2 2 2

R
1

0
L LC
2

From which, 2

R
1
R


2L
LC
2L

1
R
If
then,
2
L
LC

R
1
R

0
2L
LC 2L

The distance between 1 and 2 measured in rad/sec, is called the band width (BW). Band
width is, BW 2 1

R
rad / sec
L

The band width is, BW 2 1

R
100 rad / sec
L

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

13.b. i) Derive the expression for equivalent inductance of the parallel resonant circuit
as shown in Fig below.

[8]

Consider two coils with self inductances

inductance of

L1 and L2 mutually

coupled with the mutual

are connected in parallel as shown in Fig....

The loop equations are

V jX1i1 j X mi2
V jX 2i2 jX mi1

In matrix form,
jX 1
jX
m

jX m i1 V

jX 2 i2 V

X1 X 2 X m 2
V
i1
V

jX m
jV X 2 X m
jX 2

jX 1 V
i2
jV X 1 X m
jX m V

i1

i1 jV X 2 X m

X m2 X1 X 2

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EE6201-Circuit Theory
i2

MAY 2016

Answer key

i2 jV ( X 1 X m )

X m2 X1 X 2

I i1 i2
Z eq

jV X 1 X 2 2 X m
X m2 X1 X 2

V
X m2 X1 X 2

I
j ( X1 X 2 2 X m )

j Leq

j 2 M 2 2 L1L2

L1 L2 2M

j L1L2 M 2
L1 L2 2M

L1L2 M 2
Leq
L1 L2 2M
For the coils in which current enters both the coils,the equivalent inductance is
Leq

L1L2 M 2
L1 L2 2M (Parallel aiding connection)

13.b.ii) Write the mesh equations and obtain the conductively coupled equivalent circuit
for the magnetically coupled circuit shown in Fig below.

[8]

Solution:
The loop equations are,
j5i1 3 j 4 (i1 i2 ) j 6 i2 50

5 j10 i2 3 j 4 (i2 i1) j6 i1 0

In matrix form

3 j 2 i1 50
3 j
3 j 2 8 j 6 i 0

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

Z a 3 j ; Zb 3 j 2 ; ZC 5 j 4
14.a. A series RL circuit with
current transient.

R 10 , L 0.1 H

excited by V 10 sin100 t . Determine the resulting

[16]

Solution:
The differential equation is, 10 i(t ) 0.1

di(t )
10 Sin100 t
dt

Taking Laplace transform on both sides,

10 0.1S I (S )
I (S )

10 100
S 2 (100)2

10000
[S 10000][ S 100]
2

Appling partial fraction expansion,

10000
A
BS C

2
[ S 10000][S 100] S 100 S 10000
2

10000 A S 2 10000 BS C S 100

Comparing the coefficients of like powers of S

A B 0

S 2 terms,

100 B C 0

S terms,

Constant terms,

10000 10000 A 100 C

Solving for the constants

A 0.5 ;
I (S )

B 0.5 ;

C 50

0.5
0.5S
50
2
2
2
S 100 S (100) S (100)2

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EE6201-Circuit Theory
I (S )

MAY 2016

Answer key

0.5
0.5 S
0.5 100
2
2
2
S 100 S (100) S (100)2

i(t ) 0.5 e100t 0.5 Co s 100 t 0.5 Sin 100t 0.5 e100t 0707 Sin (100t )

Where tan 1

10
0
45
10

i(t ) 0.5 e100t

0.707

Sin (100t 450 ) Amps

14.b. Consider a series RC circuit with

R 15 , C 200 f excited by 50Volt DC source. The

capacitor has an initial charge q0 100 C with an upper plate negative. Find the transient
current.

[16]

Solution
The differential equation of the circuit is,
15 i(t )

106
i(t ) 50
200

15I (s)

106 I (s)
100 106
50

200 S
S (200 106 ) S

106
50 0.5
15

I ( s)
200S
S
S

50.5 3.37
333.3

1
I ( s)
S
15S
S

I (s) S 333.3 3.37

I ( s)

3.37
S 333.3

i(t ) 3.37 e333.3t Amps

for t 0 sec

15.a. Obtain the readings of two wattmeters connected to a three phase, 3 wire, 120 V
system feeding a balanced delta connected load with a load impedance 12300 each.
Assume RYB phase sequence. Determine the phase power and compare the total power
to the sum of wattmeter readings.
[16]
Solution:
The line voltage is VL VP 120Volt
The phase voltages are,

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

VRY 120 00 ; VYB 120 1200 ;

VBR 120 1200
The phase currents are,
I RY

VRY 120 00

10 300 Amps
0
Z
12 30

VYB 120 1200

IYB

10 1500 Amps
0
Z
12 30
I BY

VBY 120 1200

10 900 Amps
Z
12 300

For a delta load, the line current always lags the corresponding phase current by 30o &
has a magnitude

3 times that of a phase current.

Hence the line currents are,

I R I RY I BY 10 300 10 1500
17.32 600 Amps
0
0
0
Or I R 3I RY 30 3 10 30 30

I R 17.32 600 Amps

IY IYB I RY 10 1500 10 300

17.32 1800 Amps
0
0
0
Or IY I R 120 17.32 120 60

IY 17.32 1800 Amps

I B I BY IYB 10 900 10 1500
I B 17.32 600 Amps
0
0
0
Or I B I R120 17.32 120 60

I B 17.32 600 Amps

The power factor, cos cos300 0.866

The total active power is,

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EE6201-Circuit Theory

MAY 2016

Answer key

PT 3 VL I L cos 3 120 17.32 0.866 3.12 KW

The watt meter readings are,

( is the angle of load impedance)
w1 VL I L cos 30 0

w2 VL I L cos 30 0

120 17.32cos 30 30 1039 watts

0

120 17.32cos 30 30 2078 watts

0

15.b.i). If W1 and W2 are the readings of the two wattmeters which measures power in
the three phase balanced system and if
of the circuit is given by cos

W1
a , show that the power factor of the circuit
W2

a 1

[8]

2 a2 a 1

For a three phase balanced system,

W W2
tan 3 1
W1 W2
As ,

W1
a , we get tan
W2

sec2 1 tan 2
cos

cos

1
1 tan
2

a 1
a 1

1
1 tan 2
cos2
1

a 1

1 3
a 1

a 1
2
a 1
2

1 3

a 1
2 a2 a 1

15.b.ii) A symmetrical, three phase, three wire 440 V ABC system feeds a balanced Y
0
connected load with impedance 1030 in each phase. Obtain the line currents. [8]
The line voltage is, VL 440Volts
In a star connected system, line current is equal to phase current.
Hence the line currents are,
IR

VRN
VL 00
440

25.4 300 Amps

Z
3 (10300 )
3 (10300 )

IY

VYN
V 1200
440 1200
L

25.4 1500 Amps

Z
3 (10300 )
3 (10300 )

IB

VBN
4401200

25.4900 Amps
0
Z
3 (1030 )

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