TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPERS, INC v.

CA
G.R. No. 94759, Jan. 21, 1991, 201 SCRA
FACTS:
Technology Developers,

corporation

engaged

in

themanufacture and

export

of

charcoal briquette, received a letter from acting mayor Pablo Cruz: 1) ordering the full
cessation of its plant in Guyong, Sta. Maria, Bulacan until further order, and 2) requesting its
Plant Manager to bring before the office of the mayor its building permit, mayor's permit,
and Region III-Pollution of Environment and Natural Resources Anti-Pollution Permit.
Technology Developers undertook to comply with the request to produce the required
documents. It sought to secure the Region III-Pollution of Environment and Natural
Resources Anti-Pollution Permit although prior to the operation of the plant, a Temporary
Permit to Operate Air Pollution Installation was issued to it. Petitioners also sent its
representatives to the office of the mayor to secure a mayors permit but were not
entertained.
Eventually, the acting mayor ordered that the plant premises be padlocked, effectively
causing the stoppage of operation. This was done without previous and reasonable notice.
Technology Developers then instituted an action for certiorari, prohibition and mandamus
with preliminary injunction against the acting mayor with Bulacan RTC, alleging that the
closure order was issued in grave abuse of discretion.
The RTC found that the issuance of the writ of preliminary mandatory injunction was
proper, ordering the

acting

mayor

to

immediately

revoke

his

closure

order

and

allow Technology Developers to resume its normal business operations until the case has
been adjudicated on the merits.
Upon MR, the Provincial Prosecutor presented evidence as to the allegation that "Due to the
manufacturing process and nature of raw materials used, the fumes coming from the factory
may contain particulate matters which are hazardous to the health of the people. As such,
the company should cease operating until such a time that the proper air pollution device is
installed and operational."
Reassessing the evidence, the RTC set aside its order granted the writ of preliminary
mandatory injunction. The CA denied Technology Developer's petition for certiorari for lack
of merit.

ISSUE:
W/N the acting mayor had a legal ground for ordering the stoppage of Technology Developer

HELD:
YES. The following circumstances militate against the maintenance of the writ of preliminary
injunction sought by petitioner:
1. No mayor's permit had been secured. While it is true that the matter of determining
whether there is a pollution of the environment that requires control if not prohibition of the
operation of a business is essentially addressed to the Environmental Management Bureau
of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, it must be recognized that the
mayor of a town has as much responsibility to protect its inhabitants from pollution, and by
virtue of his police power, he may deny the application for a permit to operate a business or
otherwise close the same unless appropriate measures are taken to control and/or avoid
injury to the health of the residents of the community from the emissions in the operation of
the business.
2. The Acting Mayor called the attention of petitioner to the pollution emitted by the fumes
of its plant whose offensive odor "not only pollute the air in the locality but also affect the
health of the residents in the area," so that petitioner was ordered to stop its operation until
further orders.
3. This action of the Acting Mayor was in response to the complaint of the residents of
Barangay Guyong, Sta. Maria, Bulacan, directed to the Provincial Governor through channels.
4. The closure order of the Acting Mayor was issued only after an investigation was made by
Marivic Guina who in her report observed that the fumes emitted by the plant goes directly
to the surrounding houses and that no proper air pollution device has been installed.
5. Petitioner failed to produce a building permit from the municipality of Sta. Maria, but
instead presented a building permit issued by an official of Makati on March 6, 1987.
6. While petitioner was able to present a temporary permit to operate by the then National
Pollution Control Commission on December 15, 1987, the permit was good only up to May
25, 1988. Petitioner had not exerted any effort to extend or validate its permit much less to
install any device to control the pollution and prevent any hazard to the health of the
residents of the community.

Court takes note of the plea of petitioner focusing on its huge investment in this dollarearning industry. It must be stressed however, that concomitant with the need to promote
investment and contribute to the growth of the economy is the equally essential imperative
of protecting the health, nay the very lives of the people, from the deleterious effect of the
pollution of the environment.

The well-known rule is that the matter of issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction is
addressed to the sound judicial discretion of the trial court and its action shall not be
disturbed on appeal unless it is demonstrated that it acted without jurisdiction or in excess
of jurisdiction or otherwise, in grave abuse of its discretion. By the same token the court that
issued such a preliminary relief may recall or dissolve the writ as the circumstances may
warrant.
Petition denied.

Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila
FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 94759 January 21, 1991

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPERS, INC., petitioner,
vs.
COURT OF APPEALS, HON. NARCISO T. ATIENZA as Presiding Judge, Bulacan, RTC,
and HON. VICENTE CRUZ, Acting Mayor and the MUNICIPALITY OF STA. MARIA,
BULACAN, respondents.
Diosdado P. Peralta for petitioner.

GANCAYCO, J.:p
The authority of the local executive to protect the community from pollution is the center of
this controversy.

The antecedent facts are related in the appealed decision of the Court of Appeals as follows:
Petitioner, a domestic private corporation engaged in the manufacture and
export of charcoal briquette, received a letter dated February 16, 1989 from
private respondent acting mayor Pablo N. Cruz, ordering the full cessation of
the operation of the petitioner's plant located at Guyong, Sta. Maria, Bulacan,
until further order. The letter likewise requested Plant Manager Mr. Armando
Manese to bring with him to the office of the mayor on February 20, 1989 the
following: a) Building permit; b) Mayor's permit; c) Region III-Pollution of
Environment and Natural Resources Anti-Pollution Permit; and of other
document.
At the requested conference on February 20, 1989, petitioner, through its
representative, undertook to comply with respondent's request for the
production of the required documents. In compliance with said undertaking,
petitioner commenced to secure "Region III-Department of Environmental and
Natural Resources Anti-Pollution Permit," although among the permits
previously secured prior to the operation of petitioner's plant was a
"Temporary Permit to Operate Air Pollution Installation" issued by the then
National Pollution Control Commission (now Environmental Management
Bureau) and is now at a stage where the Environmental Management Bureau
is trying to determine the correct kind of anti-pollution devise to be installed
as part of petitioner's request for the renewal of its permit.
Petitioner's attention having been called to its lack of mayor's permit, it sent
its representatives to the office of the mayor to secure the same but were not
entertained.
On April 6, 1989, without previous and reasonable notice upon petitioner,
respondent acting mayor ordered the Municipality's station commander to
padlock the premises of petitioner's plant, thus effectively causing the
stoppage of its operation.
Left with no recourse, petitioner instituted an action for certiorari,
prohibition, mandamus with preliminary injunction against private respondent
with the court a quo which is presided by the respondent judge. In its prayer
for the issuance of a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction, it alleged
therein that the closure order was issued in grave abuse of discretion.
During the hearing of the application for the issuance of a writ of preliminary
injunction on April 14, 1989, herein parties adduced their respective
evidences. The respondent judge, April 19, 1989, found that petitioner is
entitled to the issuance of the writ of preliminary mandatory injunction, hence,
it ordered as follows:
In view of the foregoing, upon petitioner's posting of a bond in
the amount of P50,000.00 to answer for such damages that
respondents may sustain should petitioner eventually be found

not entitled to the injunctive relief hereby issued, let a

PRELIMINARY MANDATORY INJUNCTION issue ordering the
respondent Hon. Pablo N. Cruz, and other person acting in his
behalf and stead to immediately revoke his closure order dated
April 6, 1989, and allow petitioner to resume its normal
business operations until after the instant case shall have been
adjudicated on the merits without prejudice to the inherent
power of the court to alter, modify or even revoke this order at
any given time.
SO ORDERED.
The writ of preliminary mandatory injunction was issued on April 28, 1989,
upon petitioner's posting a bond in the amount of P50,000.00.
Private respondent filed his motion for reconsideration dated May 3, 1989.
Said motion for reconsideration was heard on May 30, 1989. Petitioner's
counsel failed to appear and the hearing proceeded with the Provincial
Prosecutor presenting his evidence. The following documents were submitted:
a) Exhibit "A", Investigation report on the Technology Developers Inc.,
prepared by one Marivic Guina, and her conclusion and recommendation read:
Due to the manufacturing process and nature of raw materials
used, the fumes coming from the factory may contain
particulate matters which are hazardous to the health of the
people. As such, the company should cease operating until such
a time that the proper air pollution device is installed and
operational.
b) Exhibits "B", "B-1", "B-2", three (3) sheets of coupon bond containing
signatures of residents of Barangay Guyong, Sta. Maria, Bulacan;
c) Exhibit "B-3", a letter addressed to Hon. Roberto Pagdanganan Governor of
the Province of Bulacan, dated November 22, 1988, complaining about the
smoke coming out of the chimney of the company while in operation.
Reassessing all the evidence adduced, the lower court, on June 14, 1989,
issued an order (a) setting aside the order dated April 28, 1989, which granted
a Writ of Preliminary Mandatory Injunction, and (b) dissolving the writ
consequently issued.
A motion for reconsideration dated July 6, 1989 was filed by petitioner. Said
motion drew an opposition dated July 19, 1989 from private respondent.
Resolving the petitioner's motion for reconsideration, the respondent judge
issued an order dated August 9, 1989, denying said motion for
reconsideration. 1

Hence a petition for certiorari and prohibition with preliminary injunction was filed by
petitioner in the Court of Appeals seeking to annul and set aside (a) the order issued by the
trial court on June 14, 1989, setting aside the order dated April 28, 1989, and (b) the order of
August 9, 1989, denying petitioner's motion for reconsideration of the order of June 14,
1989. In due course the petition was denied for lack of merit by the appellate court in a
decision dated January 26, 1990. 2 A motion for reconsideration thereof filed by petitioner
was denied on August 10, 1990.
Thus, the herein petition for review on certiorari filed with this Court. Six errors are alleged
to have been committed by the appellate court which may be synthesized into the singular
issue of whether or not the appellate court committed a grave abuse of discretion in
rendering its question decision and resolution.
The petition is devoid of merit.
The well-known rule is that the matter of issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction is
addressed to the sound judicial discretion of the trial court and its action shall not be
disturbed on appeal unless it is demonstrated that it acted without jurisdiction or in excess
of jurisdiction or otherwise, in grave abuse of its discretion. By the same token the court that
issued such a preliminary relief may recall or dissolve the writ as the circumstances may
warrant.
To the mind of the Court the following circumstances militate against the maintenance of the
writ of preliminary injunction sought by petitioner:
1. No mayor's permit had been secured. While it is true that the matter of
determining whether there is a pollution of the environment that requires
control if not prohibition of the operation of a business is essentially addressed
to the then National Pollution Control Commission of the Ministry of Human
Settlements, now the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources, it must be recognized that the mayor
of a town has as much responsibility to protect its inhabitants from pollution,
and by virture of his police power, he may deny the application for a permit to
operate a business or otherwise close the same unless appropriate measures
are taken to control and/or avoid injury to the health of the residents of the
community from the emissions in the operation of the business.
2. The Acting Mayor, in a letter of February 16, 1989, called the attention of
petitioner to the pollution emitted by the fumes of its plant whose offensive
odor "not only pollute the air in the locality but also affect the health of the
residents in the area," so that petitioner was ordered to stop its operation until
further orders and it was required to bring the following:
(1) Building permit;
(2) Mayor's permit; and

(3) Region III-Department of Environment and Natural Resources Anti-Pollution

permit. 3
3. This action of the Acting Mayor was in response to the complaint of the
residents of Barangay Guyong, Sta. Maria, Bulacan, directed to the Provincial
Governor through channels. 4 The alleged NBI finding that some of the
signatures in the four-page petition were written by one person, 5 appears to
be true in some instances, (particularly as among members of the same
family), but on the whole the many signatures appear to be written by
different persons. The certification of the barrio captain of said barrio that he
has not received any complaint on the matter 6 must be because the
complaint was sent directly to the Governor through the Acting Mayor.
4. The closure order of the Acting Mayor was issued only after an investigation
was made by Marivic Guina who in her report of December 8, 1988 observed
that the fumes emitted by the plant of petitioner goes directly to the
surrounding houses and that no proper air pollution device has been
installed. 7
5. Petitioner failed to produce a building permit from the municipality of Sta.
Maria, but instead presented a building permit issued by an official of Makati
on March 6,1987. 8
6. While petitioner was able to present a temporary permit to operate by the
then National Pollution Control Commission on December 15, 1987, the permit
was good only up to May 25, 1988. 9 Petitioner had not exerted any effort to
extend or validate its permit much less to install any device to control the
pollution and prevent any hazard to the health of the residents of the
community.
All these factors justify the dissolution of the writ of preliminary injunction by the trial court
and the appellate court correctly upheld the action of the lower court.
Petitioner takes note of the plea of petitioner focusing on its huge investment in this dollarearning industry. It must be stressed however, that concomitant with the need to promote
investment and contribute to the growth of the economy is the equally essential imperative
of protecting the health, nay the very lives of the people, from the deleterious effect of the
pollution of the environment.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED, with costs against petitioner.
SO ORDERED.
Narvasa, Cruz, Grio-Aquino and Medialdea, JJ., concur.

Footnotes

1 Pages 117 to 119, rollo.

2 Justice Regina G. Ordoez-Benitez was the ponente, Justices Lorna S.
Lombos de la Fuente and Hector C. Fule concurred.
3 Annex A-2, petition.
4 Annex A-B, petition.
5 Annex A to motion for reconsideration, page 91, rollo.
6 Annex A-11, petition.
7 Annex A-9, petition.
8 Annex A-4, petition.
9 Annex A-12, petition.