E-ISSN: 23219637

Volume 1, Issue 5, December 2013

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology

Available Online at: http://www.ijrat.org

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE

Z-SOURCE INVERTER
Pawankumar J. Aswar 1 , P.H.Zope 2
12

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

1
UCOE&R,Sasewadi,Pune
2
SSBTE C.O.E.T.,Bhambhori,Jalgaon
1
[email protected]

ABSTRACT:
This paper presents an Impedance Source Inverter (Z-Source Inverter) for Resistive Load. The Z-source
inverter employs a unique impedance network (or circuit) to couple the inverter main circuit to the power
source, thus providing unique features that cannot be obtained in the traditional voltage-source (or voltagefed) and current-source (or current-fed) inverters where a capacitor and inductor are used, respectively. It
allows the use of the shoot-through switching state, which eliminates the need for dead-times that are used in
the traditional inverters to avoid the risk of damaging the inverter circuit, also provide ride-through
capability during reduces harmonics, improves power factor and high reliability, and extends output voltage
range. The effect of filter on inverter load voltage and current is studied. The detailed comparison of ZSource inverter with Traditional inverter is discussed and simulation results will be presented to demonstrate
these new features.
Keywords: Simulation, Total Harmonic Distortion, Traditional inverter, Z-Source Inverter.
1.

INTRODUCTION:

There exist two traditional inverters [1],[11]: voltage-source (or voltage-fed) (Fig. 1(a)) and current-source
(or current-fed) inverters (Fig. 1(b)) (or inverters depending on power flow directions).

(a)

(b)

Fig.1 (a) Traditional single-phase voltage-source inverter structure

Fig.1 (b) Traditional single-phase current-source inverter structure

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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology

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A dc voltage source (or a current source) can be a relatively large capacitor (or a relatively large dc
inductor) feed the main inverter circuit, a single-phase bridge. The dc voltage source can be a battery, fuel-cell stack,
diode rectifier, capacitor or a thyristor inverter.
Four switches are used in the main circuit; each is composed of a power transistor and a diode. In voltage
source inverter, an anti-parallel (or freewheeling) diode is used to provide bidirectional current flow and
unidirectional voltage blocking capability, whereas in current source a diode in series is used to provide
unidirectional current flow and bidirectional voltage blocking.
However, the V-source and I-source inverter has the following conceptual and theoretical barriers and limitations.
They are either a boost or a buck inverter and cannot be a buckboost inverter. That is, their obtainable output
voltage range is limited to either greater or smaller than the input voltage.
Their main circuits cannot be interchangeable. In other words, neither the V-source inverter main circuit can be
used for the I-source inverter, or vice versa.
They are characterized by relatively low efficiency because of switching losses and considerable EMI
generation.

2.

Z-SOURCE INVERTER (ZSI):

To overcome the problems of the traditional V-source and I-source inverters, this paper presents a Z
(impedance)-source power inverter (Z-source inverter)[1][2]. Fig. 2 shows the general ZSI structure proposed.

Fig.2 General Z-source inverter structure

It employs a unique impedance network to couple the inverter main circuit to the power source, load, or another
inverter, for providing unique features that cannot be observed in the traditional V- and I-source inverters where a
capacitor and inductor are used, respectively.
It has three stages:
(i)
DC voltage source of the rectifier supply- fed to the impedance network.
(ii)
Impedance networkThis is a two-port network (Fig (3)) that consists of split inductors L1 and L2 (L1=L2) and capacitors C1
and C2 (C1 = C2) connected in X-shape. L1 and L2 are series arms inductances; C1 and C2 are diagonal arms
capacitances. This network is coupled with the main circuits and the source.

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Fig. 3 Impedance network

The impedance network used buck or boost the input voltage depends upon the boosting factor. This network also
acts as a second order filter .This network should require less inductance and smaller in size. Similarly capacitors
required less capacitance and smaller in size. This impedance network, the constant impedance output voltage fed to
the single phase inverter main circuit.
(iii)
Single phase inverter- traditional inverter (section I).
ZSI has three operation modes [1] [4] [6]:
(i)
normal mode,
(ii)
zero-state mode, and
(iii)
Shoot-through mode.
In normal mode and zero-state mode, the ZSI operates as a traditional Pulse-width modulation (PWM)
inverter. The ZSI advantageously utilizes the shoot-through states (not in traditional inverter) to boost the dc bus
voltage. In addition, the reliability of the inverter is greatly improved because the shoot-through state can no longer
destroy the circuit. Thus it provides a low-cost, reliable, and highly efficient single-stage structure for buck and
boost power conversion [5] [7].
This paper presents the detailed design analysis, utilization of the shoot through zero states to boost
voltage, the effect of Z network and output LC filter on inverter load voltage and current. MATLAB simulations
results are presented in order to verify the features of ZSI over Traditional Inverter.
3.

DESIGNING OF Z (IMPEDANCE)- NETWORK:

A two-port impedance network is a symmetrical lattice network, connected between the dc source (voltage
source in this paper) and the inverter (Fig (4)). The full bridge inverter consists of two legs. Each leg consists of two
switches and their anti parallel diodes. The two switches in each leg are switched in such a way that when one of
them is in OFF state, the other will be in ON state. Due to this switching operation, output current flows
continuously through the load and output voltage is solely dictated by the status (ON/OFF) of the switches.
3.1 Significance of Inductors and Capacitors:
The impedance source network is the energy storage or filtering element for the ZSI. This network provides
a second order filtering. This is more effective to suppress voltage and current ripples. The inductor and capacitor
requirement should be smaller compare than the traditional inverters. The two inductors (L1 and L2) are small and
approach zero, the Impedance source network reduces to two capacitors (C1 andC2) in parallel and becomes a
traditional voltage source. Therefore, a traditional voltage inverters capacitor requirement and physical size is the
worst-case requirement for the Impedance source inverter. Similarly, when the two capacitors (C1 and C2) are small
and approach zero, the Impedance source network reduces to two inductors (L1 and L2) in series and becomes a
traditional current source [1][5][6]. Therefore, a current source inverters inductor requirements and physical size
are the worst case requirement for the Impedance source inverter.

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The normal operation mode is same as the traditional inverter. The output voltage depends upon the voltage
across the inverter bridge and on the modulation index. In the boost mode however, the Z-source inverter boosts the
voltage of C1 and C2 (see figs 2 and 3), thereby raising the voltage at the inverter bridge. The capacitor voltage of
the Z-source network is a function of shoot- through states.
Table 1 shows, how the shoot through state of a single phase Z-source inverter can be controlled. It has five
possible switching states: two active states (vectors) when the dc voltage is connected across the load, two zero
states (vectors) when the load terminals are shorted through either the lower or the upper two switches and one shoot
through state (vector) when the load terminals are shorted through both the upper and the lower switches of any one
leg or two legs. Z-source inverter utilizes the shoot through zero states to boost voltage in addition to traditional
active and zero states.
Table 1 Switching states of a single phase ZSI

Switching states
Active states

S1
1
0
1
0
1
S1
1

Zero states
Shoot through state

S2
0
1
0
1
1
S2
1

S3
0
1
1
0
S3
1
1

S4
1
0
0
1
S4
1
1

Output Voltage
Finite voltage
Zero
Zero

Assume the inductors (L1 & L2) and capacitors (C1 & C2) have the same inductance and capacitance values
respectively. So from Fig (3), we have,
=

=2

1 (a)

1 (b)
1 (c)

During switching cycle T,

=

Where,

&

2 (a)
2 (b)

2 (c)

=
+
The average voltage of the inductors over one switching period (T) should be zero in steady state:

+
( )
=
=0
=
=2
2
=%

=
&

+ )

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=
Where, B =

() *(+

='

is the boost factor resulting from the shoot-through zero state. The shoot through duty cycle is

given by (Do) = To /T.

(
)
=
So, ' =
() *(+

)*,-+

The peak dc-link voltage is the equivalent dc-link voltage of the inverter. On the other side, the output peak phase
voltage from the inverter can be expressed as if modulation index is m,
./

= 0

From equation (4)

= 0'

./

Whereas for, traditional inverter [3][11],

./

= 0

The output voltage ./ can be stepped-up or stepped-down depending upon the product 0' commonly known as
buck-boost factor (BB).
The capacitor voltage can be given by,
/

From equation (5)

Where, 0 = 1

4.

=
=
/

(1

(1
12
= 0'

1
)

..8
..............9
10

SIMULATION AND RESULTS

4.1 Single Phase Z-Source Inverter Matlab-Simulink model:

To verify the proposed design strategies, a MATLAB-simulink model of single phase Z-source inverter and Single
phase Traditional inverter are presented (Fig 4 & Fig 5). The design parameters are given in table 2. Theoretical and
practical values of fundamental load voltage and current are measured and tabulated in table 3 and table 4,
respectively.

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Fig. 4 Single phase Z-source inverter MATLAB-simulink model

Fig. 5 Single phase Traditional inverter MATLAB-simulink model

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Table 2: Design parameters

S.N.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Parameters/ components
2 = 2
=
Switching frequency and Modulation Index
Input DC voltage
Load Resistance

Values
4.5 H
100 F
10 kHz and 0.642
180V
10 ohm

4.2 Traditional Inverter Matlab-Simulink Model:

To compare the Z-source inverter with traditional inverter, the MATLAB- simulink model has been also simulated
(Fig 5) and theoretical and practical values of fundamental load voltage and current are measured and tabulated in
table 3 and table 4, respectively. The output waveforms for load voltage and current are shown in Fig 5(a) and Fig
5(b).

(a)

(b)
Fig 5 Traditional inverter harmonics spectra of (a) load voltage and (b) load current

4.3 Effect of Filter on Inverter load voltage and current:

To improve the response of the inverter, LC filter is used at output side. The simulation result (table 4)
shows that Total harmonic distortion in the response is greatly reduced with filter. The output waveforms without
and with filters are shown in Fig (6) and Fig (7).

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(a)

(b)

Fig 6: Z-source Inverter load voltage and harmonics spectra (a) without filter and (b) with filter

(a)

(b)

Fig 7: Z-source Inverter load current and harmonics spectra (a) without filter and (b) with filter

Table 3 Comparison of inverter response (Theoretical)

Type
Parameter
Fundamental VL (V)
Fundamental IL (A)

Traditional inverter

Z-source inverter

No Load
115.56
23.11

No Load
203.39
40.67

Full Load
121.46
12.15

Full Load
215.87
21.58

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Table 4 Comparison of inverter response with and without filter (Practical)

Type
Parameter
Fundamental VL (V)
%THD of VL
Fundamental IL (A)
%THD of IL
5.

Traditional inverter
No Load
104.5
29.90
22.12
29.90

Full Load
112.8
29.94
11.28
29.94

Z-source inverter
without filter
No Load
Full Load
199.7
214.9
18.01
18.46
39.85
21.49
18.01
18.46

Z-source inverter with

filter
No Load
Full Load
192.7
208
0.85
0.49
38.53
20.8
0.85
0.49

CONCLUSION:

In this paper, the theoretical analysis and design of Z-source inverter is studied. The control methods with the insertion of shootthrough states of Z-source inverter have been studied. The shoot through switching state in the Z-source inverter shows that input
voltage is boosted .The proposed scheme is simulated with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results show that the
sinusoidal load voltage and current can be achieved by the Z-source inverter using filter which is compared to the traditional
inverter (Table 4). It proves that output voltage matches with the design analysis.

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