Mitosis/Cell Cycle/Meiosis Test

Name ________________________

NOTE IN DESCRIBING THE ANSWERS I WILL BE USING MONOPLOID &

HAPLOID AT DIFFERENT TIMES TO MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND THEY
REPRESENT THE SAME # OF CHROMOSOMES
1) How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell
when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?
A) The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
B) The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
C) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
D) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
E) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and twice the amount of DNA.
D At the end of mitosis the number and content of chromosomes should be the same as
before the process began. Since chromosomes are made of DNA it also should be the
same.
2) The lettered circle in shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of
homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black
and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet
replicated. Which phase represents Metaphase?
C metaphase in mitosis should have all the chromosomes, in the form of sister
chromatids, lined up at the center of the cell. Many people put D which shows a tetrad of
homologous chromatids, but is missing the shorter genes from the orginal above.

3) Which term describes two sets of chromosomes arranged at opposite poles of the cell?
A) telophase
B) anaphase
C) prometaphase
D) metaphase
E) prophase
B during Telophase sister chromatids have pulled apart and are found at opposite sides of
the cell.
4) Which term describes centromeres uncoupling, sister chromatids separating, and the two new
chromosomes moving to opposite poles of the cell?
A) telophase
B) anaphase
C) prometaphase
D) metaphase
E) prophase
B during anaphase sister chromatids are pulled apart and will be moving towards the
opposite sides of the cell.
5) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the
functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
A) anaphase
B) prophase
C) telophase
D) metaphase
E) interphase
D if the spindle apparatus is not functioning correctly, kinetochores from the sister
chromatids wont be able to attach this occurs during metaphase.
6) A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two
nuclei each containing how many chromosomes?
A) 12
B) 16
C) 23
D) 46
E) 92
D 92 chromatids = 46 pairs of identical chromosomes. These were replicated during the S
stage of interphase so that they could ultimately be separated into two normal diploid cells
= each having 46.
7) If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each
daughter cell following cytokinesis?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 80
B a centromere holds together sister chromatids. That means that there is one
centromere for each of the different chromosomes an organism has.
Use the Table below to answer the questions 8 and 9
The data were obtained from a study of the length of time spent in each phase of the cell cycle by
cells of three eukaryotic organisms designated beta, delta, and gamma.
Minutes Spent in Cell Cycle Phases

8) Of the following, the best conclusion concerning the difference between the S phases for beta
and gamma is that
A) gamma contains more DNA than beta.
B) beta and gamma contain the same amount of DNA.
C) beta contains more RNA than gamma.
D) gamma contains 48 times more DNA and RNA than beta.
E) beta is a plant cell and gamma is an animal cell.
A Gamma takes twice as long as beta does in the S phase. During this phase
DNA/chromosomes are replicated. It takes longer, because there are more chromosomes
(DNA) to copy.
9) The best conclusion concerning delta is that the cells
A) contain no DNA.
B) contain no RNA.
C) contain only one chromosome that is very short.
D) are actually in the G0 phase.
E) divide in the G1 phase.
D Deltas cell doesnt spend any time in S, G2 or the M phase it is stuck in the G1 phasemeaning that it is not engaging in any reproductive activities, it is just living its life
hence the G0 phase.
10) Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not
cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with
A) a single large nucleus.
B) high concentrations of actin and myosin.
C) two abnormally small nuclei.
D) two nuclei.
E) two nuclei but with half the amount of DNA.
D mitosis will produce two new & identical nuclei. Without cytokinesis (the actual
splitting of the cell), these nuclei would remain in the same cell
11) Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that
in plants
A) the spindles contain microfibrils in addition to microtubules, whereas animal spindles do not
contain microfibrils.
B) sister chromatids are identical, but they differ from one another in animals.
C) a cell plate begins to form at telophase, whereas in animals a cleavage furrow is initiated at
that stage.
D) chromosomes become attached to the spindle at prophase, whereas in animals chromosomes
do not become attached until anaphase.
E) spindle poles contain centrioles, whereas spindle poles in animals do not.
C because plants have a cell wall, the pinching-in of a cell membrane to separate cells
cant happen. Plant cells divide by creating a cell plate & animals by cleavage which is the
narrowing of the center of the cell till it closes off.

Questions 12 and 13 are based on the graph below

12) In the figure above, mitosis is represented by which number?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
D during mitosis the amount of DNA in the nucleus would drop as it divides into two.
13 ) G1 is represented by which number(s)?
A) I and V
B) II and IV
C) III
D) IV
E) V
A during the G1 phase the cell is doing its normal metabolic activities its chromosomes
have not yet replicated. Therefore it will have the lowest amount of DNA on the graph.
14) Cells from an advanced malignant tumor most often have very abnormal chromosomes, and
often an abnormal total number of chromosomes. Why might this occur?
A) Cancer cells are no longer density dependent.
B) Cancer cells are no longer anchorage dependent.
C) Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints.
D) Chromosomally abnormal cells still have normal metabolism.
E) Transformation introduces new chromosomes into cells.
C cancer cells reproduce out of control because they do not respond to normal
checkpoints. In other words they probably fail the checkpoints, but reproduce anyway.
15) Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction differ in all but which of the following ways?
A) Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas
individuals reproducing sexually transmit only 50%.
B) Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas
sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring.
C) Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two.
D) Asexual reproduction requires only mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves
meiosis.
E) Asexual reproduction is utilized only by fungi and protists, whereas sexual reproduction is
utilized only by plants and animals.
E tricky question because it says differ in all but which of the following ways. This
means that you are looking for the FALSE statement. E is false because asexual
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reproduction occurs in organisms other than fungi and protists, and many different types
of organisms reproduce sexually.
16) Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following occurs?
A) Natural selection
B) Cloning
C) Crossing over
D) Mutation
E) Environmental change
D Asexual reproduction makes exact copies of the DNA, so all new offspring are exactly
like the parent UNLESS a mutation occurs that results in mis-copying.
17) What is a karyotype?
A) The set of unique physical characteristics that define an individual
B) The collection of all the mutations present within the genome of an individual
C) The combination of chromosomes found in a gamete
D) A system of classifying cell nuclei
E) A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to
size and shape
E take a photo of the chromosomes when they are short and visible, and combined as
sister chromatids & arrange them according to their size, shape, banding patterns, where
the centromere is, etc. This is a karyotype.
18) At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a
karyotype?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Telophase
E) Interphase
B chromosomes are visible and organized as sister chromatids in metaphase
19) Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
A) The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell.
B) The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell.
C) Each cell has 8 homologous pairs.
D) During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes.
E) A gamete from this species has 4 chromosomes.
C if the diploid (2n) number is 16 then half come from each parent. That means that
there are really 8 different homologous pairs of chromosomes.
20) Referring to a plant sexual life cycle, which of the following terms describes the process that
leads directly to the formation of gametes?
A) Sporophyte meiosis
B) Gametophyte mitosis
C) Gametophyte meiosis
D) Sporophyte mitosis
E) Alternation of generations
B plants use meiosis to produce haploid (n) cells that then reproduce by mitosis to make
multicellular structures. These serve as gametes hence the gametophyte name.

Refer to these life cycles to answer question 27

21) Which of the life cycles is typical for animals?

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) I and III
A the diagram shows the traditional diploid zygote producing a multicellular organism
that uses meiosis to produce its gametes which then can fertilize its opposite sex cell and
start the cycle all over
22) The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell
division goes awry and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most
probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?
A) Mitosis in her ovary
B) Metaphase I of one meiotic event
C) Telophase II of one meiotic event
D) Telophase I of one meiotic event
E) Either anaphase I or II
E this would happen when the homologous chromosomes/sister chromatids are supposed
to separate evenly that occurs during anaphase.

23) A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of
the following?
A) It must be human.
B) It must be a primate.
C) It must be an animal.
D) It must be sexually reproducing.
E) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.
E if a karyotype has 46 chromosomes then that is all the organism has. So, half came
from each parent meaning that gametes for that species will have half of 46 = 23
24) A karyotype results from which of the following?
A) A natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus
B) An inherited ability of chromosomes to arrange themselves
C) The ordering of human chromosome images
D) The cutting and pasting of parts of chromosomes to form the standard array
E) The separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis
C lots of karyotype questionslook at # 17 for the answer.
25) After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid.
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
D meiosis I separates homologous pairs of chromosomes - it reduces the number of
chromosomes from the dipoid state two of each chromosome (one from each parent) to
the monolpoid state (one from each parent). But since the centromeres havent yet
separated so after Meiosis I there are still exact sister chromatids of each of the 23 different
chromsomes.
26) How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA
and are just about to begin meiosis?
A) They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
B) They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
C) They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
D) They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
E) They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
D after meiosis cells have the haploid chromosome number - in humans this is 23 When
a cell has replicated its chromosomes in preparation for meiosis one they are diploid with
exact copies of each chromosome so they have doubles of each of the 46 chromosomes or
92 DNA strands. So meiosis leaves cells with half the number of chromosomes, but the
DNA strands.
27) Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
A) Homologous chromosomes are separated.
B) The chromosome number per cell is conserved.
C) Sister chromatids are separated.
D) Four daughter cells are formed.
E) The sperm cells elongate to form a head and a tail end.
A meiosis I separates homologous pairs of chromosomes into each cell, creating
monoploid cells (although they still are in the form of sister chromatids)
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28) A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different.
A) The statement is true for mitosis only.
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only.
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only.
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
B after meiosis I cells contain a great deal of variation due to independent assortment of
chromosomes and due to crossing over. At this half-way point of the meiotic process only 2
cells exist.
29) Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs.
A) The statement is true for mitosis only.
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only.
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only.
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
B synapsis is observed to happen during prophase of meiosis I.
30) Chromatids are separated from each other.
A) The statement is true for mitosis only.
B) The statement is true for meiosis I only.
C) The statement is true for meiosis II only.
D) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I.
E) The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II.
E Sister chromatids normally separate during mitosis & also in meiosis II after the first
stage of meiosis has created haploid cells.
You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative
DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph .
The graph shows that the
amount of DNA doubles (at II)
before it drops to half of the
original at III. This means that
the normal diploid amount of
DNA is present in I it is
doubled in the S stage of
interphase in II, and III
represents half of the DNA from
I or the haploid amount found
in a gamete.

32) If the cells were from a plant, which sample might represent a gametophyte cell?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) Either I or II
E) Either II or III
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C if you look at the diagram for question 21 you will see that the gametophyte cells are
made by meiosis. That means they have to have the monoploid number of chromosomes or
half.
33) Which sample might represent an animal cell in G2 phase of the cell cycle?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) Both I and II
E) Both II and III
B a G2 cell has already replicated its chromosomes, so it would have twice as much DNA
as a normal cell.
34) Which sample might represent a sperm cell?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) Either I or II
E) Either II or III
C sperm cells are gametes with half the normal amount of DNA so III.
Questions 35 & 36 refer to the essential steps in meiosis described below.
1. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
2. Alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
3. Separation of sister chromatids
4. Separation of the homologues; no uncoupling of the centromere
5. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
35) From the descriptions above, which of the following is the order that most logically
illustrates a sequence of meiosis?
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
C) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
D) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
E) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1
E think PMAT so synapsis occurs in prophase followed by homologous pairs moving to
the cells center (5) as tetrads (2). Then homologous pairs separate but sister chromatids
still remain together (4) then the sister chromatids pull apart (3) and finally you end up
with 4 new nuclei (1)
36) Which of the steps take place in both mitosis and meiosis?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 2 and 3 only
E) 2, 3, and 5
B the only step that both processes have in common is the separation of sister chromatids
at the centromere. Remember though that this occurs in different places in these two
processes.
Refer to the following information to answer questions 37 and 38
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence
of one of its genes, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene.

37) A certain female's chromosomes 12 both have the blue gene and chromosomes 19 both have
the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her resulting eggs (ova) may have which
of the following?
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A) Either two chromosomes 12 with blue genes or two with orange genes
B) Either two chromosomes 19 with long genes or two with short genes
C) Either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long and one short gene
D) One chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene
D mom has two copies of the long & blue genes. So all she can give to her eggs is a single
copy of the long gene and a single blue gene. Remember that independent assortment of
homologous chromosomes during meiosis ensures that each gamete gets one and only one
of each chromosome.
38) A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosomes and a maternal
set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome is expected to produce which of the
following types of eggs after meiosis?
A) All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations.
B) All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations.
C) Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations.
D) Each egg has 1/4 chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short
combinations.
E) Each egg has a 3/4 chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short
combinations.
D this female has gotten long orange genes from her father & short, blue genes from her
mother. Again, since this information is on separate chromosomes & due to independent
assortment her egg cells may have any combination of the two genes. A quarter of the egg
cells could have each of the arrangements.
39) Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of
A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at
the metaphase plate during meiosis I.
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm.
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II.
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
E) All of the above
A independent assortment occurs because there is an equal chance that each gamete can
get one & only one of each of the parents homologous chromosomes in the case of
humans with 23 different kinds of chromosomes this means that our sex cells will have one
# 1, one # 2..one # 22, and one of the sex chromosomes. The gamete doesnt have to get
the exact same combination that the parent has. This happens in metaphase I when pairs
of homologous sister chromatids line up on spindle fibers.
40) A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
A) a sperm.
B) an egg.
C) a zygote.
D) a somatic cell of a male.
E) a somatic cell of a female.
A in humans, if it has a Y its a guy!
Short Answers (Answer TWO of the essays from below)
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1) Diagram and describe the eukaryotic cell cycle. Name the various phases, and briefly
describe the events that occur during each.
You had to include/describe: a diagram of the cell cycle, the G1, S and G2 phases,
checkpoints, what they looked for & how cyclins, cdks and MPFs are involved.
Also a brief mention of mitosis & its phases.
2) Diagram the stages of mitosis for a cell with a diploid # of 8. How does mitosis ensure
that each daughter nucleus receives a full set of chromosomes?
You had to include: diagrams of the different stages of mitosis (IPMAT) showing the
proper # of chromosomes and how they moved/changed with each phase. Also you
had to mention the lining up of sister chromatids on spindle fibers that pulled apart
separating chromosomes into each new cell.
3) How is the cell cycle controlled? Why is it essential that cells cannot simply progress
through the cell cycle without regulation?
You had to include: a more detailed discussion of cyclins, cdks and MPFs along
with the checkpoints involved in the G1, G2 and metaphase of mitosis. Then a piece
about what would happen if regulation didnt/couldnt occur possibly cancer,
growth of mutated cells, apoptasis.
4) In what ways are mitosis and meiosis similar? In what ways are they different?
You had to include: (chart form was also fine) details about their # of cell divisions,
# of chromosomes to start & to finish, # of cells produced, # of chromosomes
resulting, identical daughter cells vs varied daughter cells and how/why they are
varied, where they may occur.

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