Shanta Whitaker-Toney,PhD,MPH
Washington, District of Columbia, United States
3K followers
500+ connections
About
🚀 Eleven years ago, I took a bold leap, shifting from a laboratory based microbiology…
Articles by Shanta
Experience
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Publications
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Call to Action: Data Diversity and STEM Education
Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning
We face a critical moment. To meet projected labor demands in science and engineering, the workforce of the future must be educated today in increasing numbers. Indeed, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) underpin the government’s ability to defend the nation and to assure the vitality of the economy. STEM jobs are the fastest growing occupational category and, by 2020, 65% of all jobs in the U.S. will require a post-secondary degree with STEM literacy skills (Carnevale…
We face a critical moment. To meet projected labor demands in science and engineering, the workforce of the future must be educated today in increasing numbers. Indeed, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) underpin the government’s ability to defend the nation and to assure the vitality of the economy. STEM jobs are the fastest growing occupational category and, by 2020, 65% of all jobs in the U.S. will require a post-secondary degree with STEM literacy skills (Carnevale, Smith, & Strohl, 2013). However, according to the U.S. Department of Education, less than 25 percent of college students pursuing bachelor’s degrees will be specializing in STEM fields (NationalCenter for Education Statistics, 2012). In addition, the currentSTEM workforce is predominantly male and White orAsian, even as women and racial and ethnic minority groups are projected to comprise greater percentages of the U.S. population in the coming decades (Pew Research, 2016). To meet the growing global demand for a STEM workforce, every segment of the U.S. population will need to be engaged
in a successful STEM education. A first critical step will be for academia, government, and nongovernmental agencies to understand the challenges diverse students face in their quest
to join the STEM workforce. -
Reorganizing Nigeria’s Vaccine Supply Chain Reduces Need For Additional Storage Facilities, But More Storage Is Required
Health Affairs
One of the major problems facing Nigeria’s vaccine supply chain is the lack of adequate vaccine storage facilities. Despite the introduction of solar-powered refrigerators and the use of new tools to monitor supply levels, this problem persists. Using data on vaccine supply for 2011–14 from Nigeria’s National Primary Health Care Development Agency, we created a simulation model to explore the effects of variance in supply and demand on storage capacity requirements. We focused on the segment of…
One of the major problems facing Nigeria’s vaccine supply chain is the lack of adequate vaccine storage facilities. Despite the introduction of solar-powered refrigerators and the use of new tools to monitor supply levels, this problem persists. Using data on vaccine supply for 2011–14 from Nigeria’s National Primary Health Care Development Agency, we created a simulation model to explore the effects of variance in supply and demand on storage capacity requirements. We focused on the segment of the supply chain that moves vaccines inside Nigeria. Our findings suggest that 55 percent more vaccine storage capacity is needed than is currently available. We found that reorganizing the supply chain as proposed by the National Primary Health Care Development Agency could reduce that need to 30 percent more storage. Storage requirements varied by region of the country and vaccine type. The Nigerian government may want to consider the differences in storage requirements by region and vaccine type in its proposed reorganization efforts.
Other authorsSee publication -
The Association Between Educational Attainment and Diabetes among men in the United States
Few studies have examined the relationship between education and diabetes among men in the United States and whether this relationship differs by race/ethnicity. This study examined whether racial disparities in diabetes existed by educational attainment in 336,746 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic men 18 years of age and older in the United States. Logistic regression models were specified to examine the odds of reporting diabetes by educational attainment. Within…
Few studies have examined the relationship between education and diabetes among men in the United States and whether this relationship differs by race/ethnicity. This study examined whether racial disparities in diabetes existed by educational attainment in 336,746 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic men 18 years of age and older in the United States. Logistic regression models were specified to examine the odds of reporting diabetes by educational attainment. Within race/ethnicity, both White and Hispanic men who had less than a high school education (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.19, 1.69], and OR = 1.64, 95% CI = [1.22, 2.21], respectively) had consistently higher odds of diabetes than men with a bachelor's degree or higher level of educational attainment. Educational attainment did not appear to be associated with reporting a diagnosis of diabetes in non-Hispanic Black men. Identifying why educational attainment is associated with diabetes outcomes in some racial/ethnic groups but not others is essential for diabetes treatment and management.
Other authorsSee publication -
Leishmania pifanoi proteoglycolipid complex P8 induces macrophage cytokine production through Toll-like receptor 4.
Infection and Immunity
The P8 proteoglycolipid complex (P8 PGLC) is a glyconjugate expressed by Leishmania mexicana complex parasites. We previously have shown that vaccination with P8 PGLC provides protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice. However, the biological importance of this complex remains unknown. Here we show that P8 PGLC localizes to the surface of Leishmania pifanoi amastigotes and that upon exposure to macrophages, P8 PGLC binds and induces inflammatory cytokine and…
The P8 proteoglycolipid complex (P8 PGLC) is a glyconjugate expressed by Leishmania mexicana complex parasites. We previously have shown that vaccination with P8 PGLC provides protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice. However, the biological importance of this complex remains unknown. Here we show that P8 PGLC localizes to the surface of Leishmania pifanoi amastigotes and that upon exposure to macrophages, P8 PGLC binds and induces inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNAs such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANTES early after stimulation. Our studies indicate that cytokine and chemokine induction is dependent upon Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Interestingly, key inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (such as interleukin-6 [IL-6], macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, and beta interferon [IFN-beta]) that can be induced through TLR4 activation were not induced or only slightly upregulated by P8 PGLC. Activation by P8 PGLC does not occur in the presence of TLR4 alone and requires both CD14 and myeloid differentiation protein 2 for signaling; this requirement may be responsible for the limited TLR4 response. This is the first characterization of a TLR4 ligand for Leishmania. In vitro experiments indicate that L. pifanoi amastigotes induce lower levels of cytokines in macrophages in the absence of TLR4; however, notably higher IL-10/IFN-gamma ratios were found for TLR4-deficient mice than for BALB/c mice. Further, increased levels of parasites persist in BALB/c mice deficient in TLR4. Taken together, these results suggest that TLR4 recognition of Leishmania pifanoi amastigotes is important for the control of infection and that this is mediated, in part, through the P8 PGLC.
Other authorsSee publication
Projects
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White paper on the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Medicare Beneficiaries: Review of Disparities and Opportunities
Diabetes, smoking, obesity, and hypertension are cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors that significantly add to Medicare expenditures. The disparities associated with the aforementioned CVD risk factors and the current initiatives designed to improve CVD health outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries.
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The Business Case for Reducing the Most Prevalent Medicare Chronic Conditions
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Presented data describing the economic burden of chronic disease disparities within Medicare.
Special populations discussed: rural vs. urban, racial/ethnic minorities, dual eligibles, and males.
Chronic conditions analyzed: mood disorders, congestive heart failure, and diabetes.Other creators -
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Metropolitan Baltimore
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NAMI is the nation’s largest grassroots mental health organization dedicated to building better lives for the millions of Americans affected by mental illness.
I worked as a community consultant for the Metropolitan Baltimore branch to help revitalize its advocacy program. In addition, I assisted with the Smarts for Advocacy Training in mid January.
Honors & Awards
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2017 40 under 40 awardee
Leadership Center for Excellence
The Leadership Center for Excellence recognizes 40 emerging leaders under the age of 40 who demonstrate impact personally and/or professionally through their exceptional leadership in the DC metropolitan region. 40 Under 40 is an opportunity to show support for and invest in this next generation of trailblazers.
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