Bruno Santos

Bruno Santos

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Mais de 10 anos de experiência nas áreas de eficiência energética, energias renováveis…

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Publicações

  • Energy-efficient distribution transformers in Europe: impact of Ecodesign regulation

    Energy Efficiency - Springer

    This paper assesses the impact of energy-efficient distribution transformers through the implementation of energy efficiency classes, as well as through mandatory standards that remove the worst transformers from the market.

    Energy-efficient distribution transformers can not only save about 1 % of all the electricity generated but can also save very large investments in power generation and transmission power systems.

    Technical solutions to reduce energy consumption of…

    This paper assesses the impact of energy-efficient distribution transformers through the implementation of energy efficiency classes, as well as through mandatory standards that remove the worst transformers from the market.

    Energy-efficient distribution transformers can not only save about 1 % of all the electricity generated but can also save very large investments in power generation and transmission power systems.

    Technical solutions to reduce energy consumption of transformers are available, but the market penetration of high-efficient transformers is significantly lower than it could be.

    The paper analyses the main market and regulatory failures and identifies that the introduction of efficiency classes and minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) is the best way to foster energy performance in distribution transformers. Policies and measures supporting energy-efficient distribution transformers around the world are reviewed.

    The use of Ecodesign methodology do define possible transformer MEPS regulation is discussed for different types of distribution transformers, as well as the associated impacts. Sensitivity analysis in relation to key parameters (load factor and electricity prices) is analyzed.

    The energy saving potential and the environmental impacts are calculated until the year 2050 in the European Union, as well as at world level. The potential savings in the year 2050 represent about 35 TWh of electricity in Europe, equivalent to about four million tons of reduced CO2 emissions. For the world, the estimated impact in 2050 is about 450 TWh equivalent to about 180 million tons of reduced CO2 emissions.

    Outros autores
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  • Evaluation of the Energy Labelling Directive and specific aspects of the Ecodesign Directive

    European Commission, Directorate - General for Energy

    The European Commission has launched a review process to evaluate the effectiveness of the Directive 2010/30/EU on energy labelling as well as specific aspects of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC. The aim of this study was to compile, analyse and provide the Commission with all the information required for the review, and to identify options and provide recommendations for a possible revision of the current legal framework.

    Findings are based on the outcome of desk research, an…

    The European Commission has launched a review process to evaluate the effectiveness of the Directive 2010/30/EU on energy labelling as well as specific aspects of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC. The aim of this study was to compile, analyse and provide the Commission with all the information required for the review, and to identify options and provide recommendations for a possible revision of the current legal framework.

    Findings are based on the outcome of desk research, an online consultation, interviews, position papers, three public consultation meetings, five case studies, and feedback on a number of new label designs.

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  • Solid state lighting review – Potential and challenges in Europe

    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews-Elsevier

    According to IEA estimates, about 19% of the electricity used in the world is for lighting loads with a slightly smaller fraction used in the European Union (14%). Lighting was the first service offered by electric utilities and still continues to be one of the largest electrical end-uses. Most current lighting technologies can be vastly improved, and therefore lighting loads present a huge potential for electricity savings.

    Solid State Lighting (SSL) is amongst the most energy-efficient…

    According to IEA estimates, about 19% of the electricity used in the world is for lighting loads with a slightly smaller fraction used in the European Union (14%). Lighting was the first service offered by electric utilities and still continues to be one of the largest electrical end-uses. Most current lighting technologies can be vastly improved, and therefore lighting loads present a huge potential for electricity savings.

    Solid State Lighting (SSL) is amongst the most energy-efficient and environmentally friendly lighting technology. SSL has already reached a high efficiency level (over 276 lm/W) at ever-decreasing costs. Additionally the lifetime of LED lamps is several times longer than discharge lamps. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art SSL technology trends.

    SSL technology is evolving fast, which can bring many advantages to the lighting marketplace. However, there are still some market barriers that are hindering the high cost-effective potential of energy-efficient lighting from being achieved.

    This paper presents several strategies and recommendations in order to overcome existing barriers and promote a faster penetration of SSL. The estimated savings potential through the application of SSL lighting systems in the European Union (EU) is around 209 TWh, which translates into 77 million tonnes of CO2.

    The economic benefits translate into the equivalent annual electrical output of about 26 large power plants (1000 MW electric). Similar impacts, in terms of percentage savings, can be expected in other parts of the World.

    Outros autores
    • Anibal T. de Almeida
    • Paolo Bertoldi
    • Michel Quicheron
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  • Impact Assessement Implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council: Ecodesign Requirements for Power, Distribution and Small Transformers

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  • Small-hydropower integration in a multi-purpose dam-bridge for sustainable urban mobility

    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews-Elsevier

    This paper describes a project for the integration of mini-hydro renewable energy in the trolleybus traction lines and in the electric battery operated mini-buses. Given the nearby hydropower resource of the Mondego river, a study was carried out in order to assess the technical and economical feasibility of hydropower production at an already existing multi-purpose mobile dam-bridge, located in Coimbra, Portugal, where a very low head run-of-river small-hydropower plant can be…

    This paper describes a project for the integration of mini-hydro renewable energy in the trolleybus traction lines and in the electric battery operated mini-buses. Given the nearby hydropower resource of the Mondego river, a study was carried out in order to assess the technical and economical feasibility of hydropower production at an already existing multi-purpose mobile dam-bridge, located in Coimbra, Portugal, where a very low head run-of-river small-hydropower plant can be installed.

    As the main civil works have already been done, the hydropower installation costs are significantly reduced because the investment mainly resumes to hydro-mechanical, hydro-electrical and electrical equipment, with expected low hydraulic structure impact, as well as minimum environmental and visual impacts.

    The optimization of the hydroelectric production takes into account the seasonal water supply demands for agricultural, municipal and industrial use, the water discharges from the upstream reservoir system of Aguieira–Raiva–Fronhas, the very low head turbines state of the art technology, the physical constraints of the structure and the special feed-in tariff for renewable power plants.

    The small-hydropower plant, coupled with the electric public urban transportation fleet, will contribute to a sustainable clean mobility concept, reducing electric grid transportation losses by decentralized production and reducing greenhouse gases emissions, contributing to urban air quality improvement and to the Kyoto Protocol
    fulfillment.

    Outros autores
    • Aníbal T. de Almeida
    • Carlos Inverno
    • J. Lopes de Almeida
    • J. Alfeu Sá Marques
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  • Solutions to mitigate power quality disturbances resulting from integrating intermittent renewable energy in the grid of Porto Santo

    11th EPQU (ELECTRICAL POWER QUALITY AND UTILIZATION) Conference

    Due to the electricity increase consumption in recent decades, the rising price of fossil energy and uncertainty associated with its supply, there has been a growing concern for energy efficiency and the exploration of endogenous renewable energy sources.

    These changes are intended to promote greater security in supply, to reduce energy bills as well as greenhouse gas emissions. If this effort make sense anywhere, it is even more significant in islands where conventional primary energy…

    Due to the electricity increase consumption in recent decades, the rising price of fossil energy and uncertainty associated with its supply, there has been a growing concern for energy efficiency and the exploration of endogenous renewable energy sources.

    These changes are intended to promote greater security in supply, to reduce energy bills as well as greenhouse gas emissions. If this effort make sense anywhere, it is even more significant in islands where conventional primary energy is considerably more expensive.

    Given the intermittence of renewable sources such as solar and wind, it becomes essential to search for effective solutions to integrate them into the grid.

    This work describes the methodology for choosing an effective solution for the integration of intermittent generation in the island of Porto Santo.

    Outros autores
    • Joaquim Delgado
    • Aníbal T. de Almeida
    • Agostinho Figueira
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