ST_Envelope(g)

ST_StartPoint(ls)

ST_EndPoint(ls)

ST_PointN(ls, N)

ST_ExteriorRing(poly)

ST_InteriorRingN(poly, N)

ST_GeometryN(gc, N)

If any argument is NULL, the return value is NULL.

If any geometry argument is not a syntactically well-formed geometry, an ER_GIS_INVALID_DATA error occurs.

If any geometry argument is a syntactically well-formed geometry in an undefined spatial reference system (SRS), an ER_SRS_NOT_FOUND error occurs.

For functions that take multiple geometry arguments, if those arguments are not in the same SRS, an ER_GIS_DIFFERENT_SRIDS error occurs.

If any geometry argument has an SRID value for a geographic SRS and the function does not handle geographic geometries, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_GEOGRAPHIC_SRS error occurs.

For geographic SRS geometry arguments, if any argument has a longitude or latitude that is out of range, an error occurs:

Ranges shown are in degrees. If an SRS uses another unit, the range uses the corresponding values in its unit. The exact range limits deviate slightly due to floating-point arithmetic.

Otherwise, the return value is non-NULL.

ST_Buffer(g, d [, strategy1 [, strategy2 [, strategy3]]])

Returns a geometry that represents all points whose distance from the geometry value g is less than or equal to a distance of d. The result is in the same SRS as the geometry argument.

If the geometry argument is empty, ST_Buffer() returns an empty geometry.

If the distance is 0, ST_Buffer() returns the geometry argument unchanged:

mysql> SET @pt = ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)');
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Buffer(@pt, 0));
+------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_Buffer(@pt, 0)) |
+------------------------------+
| POINT(0 0)                   |
+------------------------------+

If the geometry argument is in a Cartesian SRS:

If the geometry argument is in a geographic SRS:

For MySQL versions that permit geographic Point geometries:

ST_Buffer() permits up to three optional strategy arguments following the distance argument. Strategies influence buffer computation. These arguments are byte string values produced by the ST_Buffer_Strategy() function, to be used for point, join, and end strategies:

Up to one strategy of each type may be specified, and they may be given in any order.

If the buffer strategies are invalid, an ER_WRONG_ARGUMENTS error occurs. Strategies are invalid under any of these circumstances:

mysql> SET @pt = ST_GeomFromText('POINT(0 0)');
mysql> SET @pt_strategy = ST_Buffer_Strategy('point_square');
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Buffer(@pt, 2, @pt_strategy));
+--------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_Buffer(@pt, 2, @pt_strategy)) |
+--------------------------------------------+
| POLYGON((-2 -2,2 -2,2 2,-2 2,-2 -2))       |
+--------------------------------------------+

mysql> SET @ls = ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0,0 5,5 5)');
mysql> SET @end_strategy = ST_Buffer_Strategy('end_flat');
mysql> SET @join_strategy = ST_Buffer_Strategy('join_round', 10);
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Buffer(@ls, 5, @end_strategy, @join_strategy))
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_Buffer(@ls, 5, @end_strategy, @join_strategy))   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| POLYGON((5 5,5 10,0 10,-3.5355339059327373 8.535533905932738, |
| -5 5,-5 0,0 0,5 0,5 5))                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

ST_Buffer_Strategy(strategy [, points_per_circle])

This function returns a strategy byte string for use with ST_Buffer() to influence buffer computation.

Information about strategies is available at Boost.org.

The first argument must be a string indicating a strategy option:

If the first argument is 'point_circle', 'join_round', 'join_miter', or 'end_round', the points_per_circle argument must be given as a positive numeric value. The maximum points_per_circle value is the value of the max_points_in_geometry system variable.

For examples, see the description of ST_Buffer().

ST_Buffer_Strategy() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

ST_ConvexHull(g)

Returns a geometry that represents the convex hull of the geometry value g.

This function computes a geometry's convex hull by first checking whether its vertex points are colinear. The function returns a linear hull if so, a polygon hull otherwise. This function processes geometry collections by extracting all vertex points of all components of the collection, creating a MultiPoint value from them, and computing its convex hull.

ST_ConvexHull() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with this exception:

mysql> SET @g = 'MULTIPOINT(5 0,25 0,15 10,15 25)';
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_ConvexHull(ST_GeomFromText(@g)));
+-----------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_ConvexHull(ST_GeomFromText(@g))) |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| POLYGON((5 0,25 0,15 25,5 0))                 |
+-----------------------------------------------+

ST_Difference(g1, g2)

Returns a geometry that represents the point set difference of the geometry values g1 and g2. The result is in the same SRS as the geometry arguments.

As of MySQL 8.0.26, ST_Difference() permits arguments in either a Cartesian or a geographic SRS. Prior to MySQL 8.0.26, ST_Difference() permits arguments in a Cartesian SRS only; for arguments in a geographic SRS, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_GEOGRAPHIC_SRS error occurs.

ST_Difference() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section.

mysql> SET @g1 = Point(1,1), @g2 = Point(2,2);
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Difference(@g1, @g2));
+------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_Difference(@g1, @g2)) |
+------------------------------------+
| POINT(1 1)                         |
+------------------------------------+

ST_Intersection(g1, g2)

Returns a geometry that represents the point set intersection of the geometry values g1 and g2. The result is in the same SRS as the geometry arguments.

As of MySQL 8.0.27, ST_Intersection() permits arguments in either a Cartesian or a geographic SRS. Prior to MySQL 8.0.27, ST_Intersection() permits arguments in a Cartesian SRS only; for arguments in a geographic SRS, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_GEOGRAPHIC_SRS error occurs.

ST_Intersection() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section.

mysql> SET @g1 = ST_GeomFromText('LineString(1 1, 3 3)');
mysql> SET @g2 = ST_GeomFromText('LineString(1 3, 3 1)');
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Intersection(@g1, @g2));
+--------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_Intersection(@g1, @g2)) |
+--------------------------------------+
| POINT(2 2)                           |
+--------------------------------------+

ST_LineInterpolatePoint(ls, fractional_distance)

This function takes a LineString geometry and a fractional distance in the range [0.0, 1.0] and returns the Point along the LineString at the given fraction of the distance from its start point to its endpoint. It can be used to answer questions such as which Point lies halfway along the road described by the geometry argument.

The function is implemented for LineString geometries in all spatial reference systems, both Cartesian and geographic.

If the fractional_distance argument is 1.0, the result may not be exactly the last point of the LineString argument but a point close to it due to numerical inaccuracies in approximate-value computations.

A related function, ST_LineInterpolatePoints(), takes similar arguments but returns a MultiPoint consisting of Point values along the LineString at each fraction of the distance from its start point to its endpoint. For examples of both functions, see the ST_LineInterpolatePoints() description.

ST_LineInterpolatePoint() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

ST_LineInterpolatePoint() is a MySQL extension to OpenGIS. This function was added in MySQL 8.0.24.

ST_LineInterpolatePoints(ls, fractional_distance)

This function takes a LineString geometry and a fractional distance in the range (0.0, 1.0] and returns the MultiPoint consisting of the LineString start point, plus Point values along the LineString at each fraction of the distance from its start point to its endpoint. It can be used to answer questions such as which Point values lie every 10% of the way along the road described by the geometry argument.

The function is implemented for LineString geometries in all spatial reference systems, both Cartesian and geographic.

If the fractional_distance argument divides 1.0 with zero remainder the result may not contain the last point of the LineString argument but a point close to it due to numerical inaccuracies in approximate-value computations.

A related function, ST_LineInterpolatePoint(), takes similar arguments but returns the Point along the LineString at the given fraction of the distance from its start point to its endpoint.

ST_LineInterpolatePoints() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

mysql> SET @ls1 = ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(0 0,0 5,5 5)');
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoint(@ls1, .5));
+----------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoint(@ls1, .5)) |
+----------------------------------------------+
| POINT(0 5)                                   |
+----------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoint(@ls1, .75));
+-----------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoint(@ls1, .75)) |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| POINT(2.5 5)                                  |
+-----------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoint(@ls1, 1));
+---------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoint(@ls1, 1)) |
+---------------------------------------------+
| POINT(5 5)                                  |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoints(@ls1, .25));
+------------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_LineInterpolatePoints(@ls1, .25)) |
+------------------------------------------------+
| MULTIPOINT((0 2.5),(0 5),(2.5 5),(5 5))        |
+------------------------------------------------+

ST_LineInterpolatePoints() is a MySQL extension to OpenGIS. This function was added in MySQL 8.0.24.

ST_PointAtDistance(ls, distance)

This function takes a LineString geometry and a distance in the range [0.0, ST_Length(ls)] measured in the unit of the spatial reference system (SRS) of the LineString, and returns the Point along the LineString at that distance from its start point. It can be used to answer questions such as which Point value is 400 meters from the start of the road described by the geometry argument.

The function is implemented for LineString geometries in all spatial reference systems, both Cartesian and geographic.

ST_PointAtDistance() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

ST_PointAtDistance() is a MySQL extension to OpenGIS. This function was added in MySQL 8.0.24.

ST_SymDifference(g1, g2)

Returns a geometry that represents the point set symmetric difference of the geometry values g1 and g2, which is defined as:

g1 symdifference g2 := (g1 union g2) difference (g1 intersection g2)

Or, in function call notation:

ST_SymDifference(g1, g2) = ST_Difference(ST_Union(g1, g2), ST_Intersection(g1, g2))

The result is in the same SRS as the geometry arguments.

As of MySQL 8.0.27, ST_SymDifference() permits arguments in either a Cartesian or a geographic SRS. Prior to MySQL 8.0.27, ST_SymDifference() permits arguments in a Cartesian SRS only; for arguments in a geographic SRS, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_GEOGRAPHIC_SRS error occurs.

ST_SymDifference() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section.

mysql> SET @g1 = ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOINT(5 0,15 10,15 25)');
mysql> SET @g2 = ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOINT(1 1,15 10,15 25)');
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_SymDifference(@g1, @g2));
+---------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_SymDifference(@g1, @g2)) |
+---------------------------------------+
| MULTIPOINT((1 1),(5 0))               |
+---------------------------------------+

ST_Transform(g, target_srid)

Transforms a geometry from one spatial reference system (SRS) to another. The return value is a geometry of the same type as the input geometry with all coordinates transformed to the target SRID, target_srid. Prior to MySQL 8.0.30, transformation support was limited to geographic SRSs (unless the SRID of the geometry argument was the same as the target SRID value, in which case the return value was the input geometry for any valid SRS), and this function did not support Cartesian SRSs. Beginning with MySQL 8.0.30, support is provided for the Popular Visualisation Pseudo Mercator (EPSG 1024) projection method, used for WGS 84 Pseudo-Mercator (SRID 3857). In MySQL 8.0.32 and later, support is extended to all SRSs defined by EPSG except for those listed here:

ST_Transform() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section, with these exceptions:

ST_SRID(g, target_srid) and ST_Transform(g, target_srid) differ as follows:

mysql> SET @p = ST_GeomFromText('POINT(52.381389 13.064444)', 4326);
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(@p);
+----------------------------+
| ST_AsText(@p)              |
+----------------------------+
| POINT(52.381389 13.064444) |
+----------------------------+
mysql> SET @p = ST_Transform(@p, 4230);
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(@p);
+---------------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(@p)                               |
+---------------------------------------------+
| POINT(52.38208611407426 13.065520672345304) |
+---------------------------------------------+

ST_Union(g1, g2)

Returns a geometry that represents the point set union of the geometry values g1 and g2. The result is in the same SRS as the geometry arguments.

As of MySQL 8.0.26, ST_Union() permits arguments in either a Cartesian or a geographic SRS. Prior to MySQL 8.0.26, ST_Union() permits arguments in a Cartesian SRS only; for arguments in a geographic SRS, an ER_NOT_IMPLEMENTED_FOR_GEOGRAPHIC_SRS error occurs.

ST_Union() handles its arguments as described in the introduction to this section.

mysql> SET @g1 = ST_GeomFromText('LineString(1 1, 3 3)');
mysql> SET @g2 = ST_GeomFromText('LineString(1 3, 3 1)');
mysql> SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Union(@g1, @g2));
+--------------------------------------+
| ST_AsText(ST_Union(@g1, @g2))        |
+--------------------------------------+
| MULTILINESTRING((1 1,3 3),(1 3,3 1)) |
+--------------------------------------+