Group 2

ELEMENT
METER-WORD SOUND-IMAGERY
 ANGGOTA TIM

MUTIA FEBY FLOURENCE ALEXANDRIA J DYAH AULIA

ARMANDO T JULIANO
SITUMORANG RUMKABU
 1. METER

Element 2. WORD SOUND

3. IMAGERY
 1. Meter
meter is a pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables and also refers
to the number of syllables in a
stanza or line of poetry. Meter can
also be interpreted as the linguistic
sound pattern of a stanza that
makes the poem have a pitched
and rhythmic sound.
stressed syllables are symbolized by a
slash
" / ", while the symbol for unstressed
syllables is
" U ".
There are several types of meters in
English poetry, namely :
 Meter
1 2
IAMBIC PENTAMETER TROCHAIC OCTAMETER
namely two syllables with an unstressed, stressed namely two syllables with a stressed, unstressed
pattern with the symbol " U / " pattern with the symbol " / U "
 Meter
3 4
SPONDAIC METER ANAPESTIC TETRAMETER
namely two syllables with an stressed, stressed namely three syllables with a unstressed,
pattern with the symbol " / / " unstressed, stressed, pattern with the symbol " U U /
"
 Meter 5
DACTLYTIC HEXAMETER
namely three syllables with a stressed, unstressed,
unstressed pattern with the symbol " / U U "
2. WORD SOUND
Word sound refers to the choice of words in a poetic work based on the sound produced when the words are
pronounced. The aim is to create a certain musicality and aesthetic effect in a poem. In English, there are 44
phonemes, or word sounds that make up the language. The phonemes are divided into 19 consonants, 7 digraphs, 5
sounds controlled by 'r', 5 long vowels, 5 short vowels, 2 'oo' sounds, and 2 diphthongs
☆19 Consonant Phonemes :
☆ 7 Digraph Phonemes :
/b/ – begging and bagging
/ch/ – watch and chime
/d/ – doe and dealp
/sh/ – shift and short
/f/ – fall and fit
/ng/ – ringing and stinging
/g/ – aim and gill
/th/ (voiced) – weather and thin
/h/ – has and he
/th/ (voiceless) – objects and
/j/ – work and shaking
thunder
/k/ – hat and kite
/zh/ – genre and division
/l/ – lips and weight
/wh/ (with breath) – what
/m/ – maps and moths
/n/ – net and pin ☆ 5 Phonemes Controlled or Influenced by R :
/p/ – pins and plots /a(r)/ – car and far away
/r/ – run and rope /ā(r)/ – fair and chair
/s/ – sitting and small /i(r)/ – here and direct
/t/ – toes and tail /o(r)/ – core and door
/v/ – vin and volts /u(r)/ – ferns and burns
/w/ – wait and wind
/y/ – sweet potato and however
/z/ – zip and zoo
☆ 5 Long Vowel Phonemes
:
/ā/ – eighth day ☆ 2 Diphthongs :
/ē/ – bit and sleep /ow/ – mouse and
/ī/ – cake and sky cow
/ō/ – boats and oars /oy/ – coins and
/ū/ – color and chew toys
☆ 5 Short Vowel Phonemes : ☆ 2 vowel phonemes 'oo' :
/a/ – bat and laugh /oo/ – take and can
/e/ – medical and /ōō/ – month and
bread
/i/ – sit and lips
/o/ – hot and orange
/u/ – close and cut
The choice of words in poetry is often based on the sound the words will make
when the words are read. Here are the types.
♡Alliteration: the consonant sound of the initial or middle letter of
a word in a line or stanza of poetry. For example: with suffering
" what the white man's laws have done that indicate a repetition
of sound "
♡Assonance: repeating vowel sounds in the first or middle letters
of a word in a line or stanza of poetry. For example: ballad
players strum the harp and sing songs when they are happy
which shows the repetition of the sound /u:/. I looked, looked &
looked at her beautiful eyes
♡Onomatopoeia: words that when read make the sound they
say when written. For example: how they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, which
imitates the sound of a bell.
♡Repetition:
repeating an entire phrase or a particular line in a poem.
♡Parallel structure: mixing certain sentence structures, for
example mixing subject pronoun + verb in a line of poetry
3. IMAGERY
Imagery is the choice of words to represent an object, action, or idea so as to evoke the
reader's physical sensory experience, be it the sense of sight, smell, taste, hearing, or
touch. For example: and hark! how blithe the throstle sings! which evokes the sense of
hearing by using the word hark or can be with the word sing, the reader is invited to
imagine the sound of birds singing
A. Visual Imagery
Visual imagery describes what we see: comic strips, paintings, or images experienced directly through the eyes of the
narrator. Visual imagery can include:
◇Colors, such as: burnt red, bright orange, dull yellow, rich green, and robin's egg blue.
◇Shapes such as: square, circle, cylinder, rectangle, and cone.
◇Sizes, such as: tiny, tiny, small, medium, large, and giant.
◇Patterns, such as: polka dots, stripes, zigzags, jagged, and straight.
B . Auditory Imagery Auditory imagery describes what we hear, from music to noise to total silence. Auditory imagery can
include:
Pleasant sounds, such as: beautiful music, birds chirping, and the sound of a choir.
Noises, such as: the sound of gunfire, the sound of a broom moving across the floor, and the sound of glass breaking on a
hard floor. The absence of noise, depicting peaceful tranquility or eerie silence.
C . Olfactory Imagery
Olfactory imagery describes what we smell. Olfactory imagery can include:
Fragrances, such as perfume, tempting foods and drinks, and blooming flowers.
Odors, such as the smell of rotting garbage, body odor, or wet dog.
D. Gustatory imagery Gustatory imagery describes what we taste. Gustatory imagery can include:
Sweets, such as candy, cookies, and desserts. Sour, bitter, and tart flavors, such as lemons and limes.
Salty flavors, such as pretzels, French fries, and pepperonis..
Spicy, such as salsa and curry.
Deliciousness, such as a steak dinner or a thick soup.
E . Tactile imagery Finally, tactile imagery describes what we feel or touch. Tactile imagery includes:
Temperature, such as
piercing cold, damp, cool, and suffocating heat.
Texture, such as rough, bumpy, smooth, and silky.
Touch, such as holding hands, walking on grass, or feeling starched fabric on someone's skin.
Movement, such as the burning sensation of muscles from physical activity, swimming in cold water, or kicking a soccer
ball.
 Question and
answer session
THANK YOU