Freshwater Species Carp Milkfish and Freshwater Prawn

Freshwater
Species: Carp,
Milkfish, and
Freshwater Prawn
This presentation will explore the biology and distribution of
three economically and ecologically significant freshwater
species: carp, milkfish, and freshwater prawns. These
species are important for both aquaculture and wild
fisheries, and understanding their biology and distribution is
essential for sustainable management.
CD
by Cerwin Denzo
Carp: A Diverse Group
1 Wide Distribution
Carp are found in a wide range of habitats across the globe, from Europe and
Asia to North America and Africa. They are highly adaptable and can tolerate a
variety of water conditions, including temperatures, salinity, and oxygen levels.
2 Species Diversity
The term "carp" encompasses a variety of species, including common carp

(Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and silver carp
(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Each species has its own unique characteristics
and ecological role.
3 Importance in Aquaculture
Carp are widely cultivated in aquaculture, providing a valuable source of protein

for human consumption. They are relatively easy to raise and can thrive in
various environments, making them a suitable choice for many farming systems.
4 Ecological Roles
Carp play significant roles in aquatic ecosystems. They can be both beneficial
and detrimental, depending on their population densities and the specific
environment. For instance, grass carp can help control aquatic vegetation, while
common carp can disrupt native habitats through their feeding activities.
Milkfish: A Tropical Delight
Distribution Biology Aquaculture
Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is Milkfish are a unique species, Milkfish aquaculture is a

primarily found in tropical exhibiting both marine and significant industry in
and subtropical waters of the freshwater adaptations. They Southeast Asia, particularly
Indo-Pacific region, including are herbivores, feeding in countries like the
the coasts of Southeast Asia, mainly on algae and Philippines and Indonesia.
Australia, and the Pacific phytoplankton. They are fast- They are raised in ponds,
Islands. They are typically growing and can reach pens, and cages, contributing
found in coastal lagoons, considerable sizes, making substantially to the local
estuaries, and brackish water them an important food economy and food security.
environments. source in many regions.
Freshwater Prawns: A Diverse Group
1 Habitat
Freshwater prawns, also known as palaemonid prawns, are found in a variety of

freshwater habitats, including rivers, lakes, streams, and marshes. They prefer
clean, well-oxygenated waters with ample vegetation and hiding places.
2 Biology
Freshwater prawns are omnivores, feeding on a variety of food sources, including

algae, detritus, insects, and small invertebrates. They are typically found in the
benthic zone, foraging among the sediments and vegetation.
3 Aquaculture
Freshwater prawn aquaculture is becoming increasingly popular, particularly in

Asia. They are raised in ponds, tanks, and raceways, providing a valuable protein
source and contributing to rural livelihoods.
4 Ecological Significance
Freshwater prawns play crucial roles in freshwater ecosystems. They contribute to

nutrient cycling, control populations of insects and other invertebrates, and serve
as a food source for larger predators. Their presence is indicative of healthy water
quality and a balanced ecosystem.
Carp: Feeding and Reproduction
Omnivorous Diet
Carp are omnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of food sources, including

algae, plants, insects, and small invertebrates. They have specialized
teeth and mouthparts adapted for bottom feeding, allowing them to
scrape algae and extract food from the sediments.
Reproduction
Carp reproduce through external fertilization. Females release eggs into

the water, and males fertilize them externally. The eggs are typically laid
in shallow water with abundant vegetation, where they adhere to the
plants and receive adequate oxygenation.
Growth and Development
Carp have a relatively fast growth rate, especially during the early stages
of their life. They can reach maturity within a few years, depending on the
species and environmental conditions. Their growth rate is influenced by
factors such as food availability, water temperature, and the presence of
predators.
Milkfish: Adaptability and
Importance
Adaptable Physiology
Milkfish have a remarkable ability to tolerate a wide range of

salinity levels, allowing them to thrive in both marine and
freshwater environments. They can even survive in brackish
water environments, where salinity fluctuates regularly.
Migration and Spawning
Milkfish are known to migrate long distances during their life

cycle. They typically spawn in open ocean waters, and their
larvae drift with ocean currents before settling in coastal
lagoons or estuaries.
Importance in Food Security
Milkfish is a vital food source in many tropical and subtropical

regions. It is a popular fish for both domestic consumption and
export, contributing to the livelihoods of many coastal
communities.
Freshwater Prawns: Biology and Ecology
Characteristic Description
Body Shape Elongated and segmented, with a distinct carapace covering the head and thorax.
Antennae Two pairs of long, sensory antennae used for navigation and detecting food.
Legs Five pairs of walking legs, adapted for crawling and clinging to surfaces.
Tail Abdomen with a fan-shaped tail used for swimming and escaping predators.
Respiration Breathe through gills, which are located beneath the carapace.
Reproduction External fertilization, with females releasing eggs that are attached to their
abdominal appendages.
Habitat Freshwater rivers, lakes, streams, and marshes.
Diet Omnivores, feeding on algae, detritus, insects, and small invertebrates.
Ecological Role Contribute to nutrient cycling, control populations of insects, and serve as a
food source for predators.
Conservation and Management
Sustainable Fishing Practices
Maintaining healthy populations of carp, milkfish, and freshwater prawns requires responsible fishing
practices. This includes setting catch limits, using selective gear, and minimizing bycatch.
Water Quality Management
Protecting these species requires managing water quality and reducing pollution from industrial and
agricultural sources. Preserving clean and healthy waterways is essential for their survival.
Habitat Conservation
Conserving and restoring natural habitats, such as wetlands, rivers, and lakes, is crucial for maintaining
the biodiversity of these species and their ecosystems.
International Cooperation
Managing these species often requires international cooperation, particularly for migratory species like
milkfish. Collaboration between countries is essential for sustainable management across their ranges.

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Freshwater

The term "carp" encompasses a variety of species, including common carp

Carp are widely cultivated in aquaculture, providing a valuable source of protein

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is Milkfish are a unique species, Milkfish aquaculture is a

Freshwater prawns, also known as palaemonid prawns, are found in a variety of

Freshwater prawns are omnivores, feeding on a variety of food sources, including

Freshwater prawn aquaculture is becoming increasingly popular, particularly in

Freshwater prawns play crucial roles in freshwater ecosystems. They contribute to

Carp are omnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of food sources, including

Carp reproduce through external fertilization. Females release eggs into

Growth and Development

Milkfish have a remarkable ability to tolerate a wide range of

Migration and Spawning

Milkfish are known to migrate long distances during their life

Milkfish is a vital food source in many tropical and subtropical

Habitat Freshwater rivers, lakes, streams, and marshes.

Diet Omnivores, feeding on algae, detritus, insects, and small invertebrates.

Sustainable Fishing Practices

Water Quality Management

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