Chemistryproject 200126143539

CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT ON
Analysis Of Cations, Anions And
Food Stuffs Present In Coconut
Water
PREPARED BY:- GUIDED BY:-

Saurabh Yadav Mr. Sushil Kumar Yadav
Class-XII
Roll No.-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my foremost duty to express my
regards to my Chemistry
deep teacher Mr.
Kuma under whose guidance Sushil and supervision
ram able to undertake I this project. It is she who
has been my primary source of inspiration and
who motivated, guided to and encouraged me at

different make this
stages project. I am
thankful for the help rendered
also by our lab teacher
who made available the various apparatus and
chemicals needed for the experiments, else

would have been a difficult task to perform it this
project successfully. I also want to thank the lab

attendant for their invaluable help.
Saurabh Yadav
2019-20
CERTIFICATE
This to certify that “Saurabh Yadav” of
class XII bearing no- who is
going roll to appear for AISSCE-2020 has

successfully completed all the practicals
and projects in Chemistry during the
session 2019-2020 as per the prescribed
syllabus of C.B.S.E., New Delhi.
Internal Examiner:_ Principal:_
External Examiner: Date:_

AI
M
TO ANALYSE FOR THE PRESENCE OF
CATIONS, ANIONS AND FOOD STUFFS
PRESENT IN COCONUT WATER
CONTEN
TS
 Introduction
 Application of coconut
water
 Aim
 Requirements
 Wet test (Acidic Radical)
 Wet Test (Basic Radical)
 Test for food Stuff
 Conclusion
 Precaution
 Bibiliography
INTRODUCTION
The coconut (Cocosnucifera L.) is an important fruit tree in the
tropical regions and the fruit can be made into a variety of
foods and beverages . The edible part of the coconut fruit
(coconut meat and coconut water) is the endosperm tissue.
Endosperm tissues undergo one of three main modes of
development, which are the nuclear, cellular and helobial
modes and the development of coconut endosperm belongs
to the nuclear mode. Initially, the endosperm is a liquid
containing free nuclei generated by a process, in which the
primary endosperm nucleus undergoes several cycles of
division without cytokinesis (the process in which the
cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two
daughter cells). Cytokinesis then occurs, progressing from the
periphery towards the centre, thus forming the cellular
endosperm layer. At first, the cellular endosperm is
translucent and jelly-like, but it later hardens at maturity to
become white flesh (coconut meat). Unlike the endosperms of
other plants (e.g., wheat and corn), the cellularisation process
in a coconut fruit does not fill up the entire embryo sac cavity,
but instead leaves the cavity solution-filled. This solution is
commonly known as coconut water and it is of cytoplasmic
origin .
Application of coconut water
 Makes an excellent oral rehydration sports beverage -
replaces electrolytes from exercise, heat stress and illness
 Aids in exercise performance
 Natural isotonic beverage – contains the same level of
electrolytes found in human blood
 Has 15 times the amount of potassium as most sports and
energy drinks (264 mg vs 12.5 mg /100 ml)
 Reduces problems for infants suffering from intestinal
disturbances
 Cardioprotective: helps regular blood pressure (due to high
potassium); improves circulation
 Reduces swelling in hands and feet
 Prevents abnormal blood clotting
 Aids in kidney function including those with kidney stones;
Nutritional support for those with urinary tract/bladder
problems
 Helps balance blood sugar in diabetics
 Improves digestion
 Reported by some people to reverse cataracts
 Contains nutrients that feed friendly gut bacteria
 Helps relieve constipation or diarrhea
 Regulates the functioning of the intestine which promotes
smoother, more hydrated skin
REQUIREMENTS
 Coconut Water
Ferrous sulphate solution
 Concentrated sulphuric acid
 Lead acetate solution
Silver nitrate solution
Ammonium molybdate
 Concentrated nitric acid
Potassium dichromate
Sodium hydroxide solution
 Methylene blue
Benedict’s solution
 Copper sulphate solution
Sodium cobaltinate solution
 Disodium hydrogen
phosphate
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium carbonate
Potassium pyro antimonite
 Universal indicator
WET TEST FOR
BASIC
EXPERIMENT
RADICALS
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
White milkiness is Na+ is
Sodium Potassium
observed. confirmed.
pyroaluminate is added to
coconut water.
Potassium Freshly Yellow precipitate is K+ is

prepared sodium salt observed. confirmed.
Calcium Ca2+ is
A white precipitate is
Add solid ammonium present.
formed
chloride, ammonium
hydroxide and ammonium
carbonate to coconut water
and ammonium oxalate
solution.
WET TEST FOR
ACID
EXPERIMENT RADICALS
OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Chloride A white precipitate is Cl- may be
Silver nitrate test:- formed. present
Add conc.Nitric acid and
silver nitrate solution.
A Yellow precipitate is
Chromyl chloride test:- Cl- is present -
formed.
Mix a small quantity of the confirmed.
salt with a small amount of
powdered Potassium
dichromate. Take a mixture in
test tube and add conc.
Sulphuric acid Heat the tube
and pass the red vapours
evolved into a gas detector
containing sodium hydroxide
solution. To the yellow thus
obtained add dil.
Acetic acid lead acetate
solution.
Oxalate ion A white precipitate is Oxalate ion is

Add calcium chloride and obtained. present.
acetic acid to the coconut
water.
NO - ion may be
Nitrate Dark brown fumes are 3
Copper chips test:- evolved. present.
Heat a small quantity of

coconut water with conc.
Sulphuric acid and few
copper chips. A dark brown ring NO - is present.
3
Brown ring test:- forms.

Add a small quantity of
freshly prepared solution
ferrous sulphate to a part of
the aqueous solution and then
pour conc.
Sulphuric acid slowly along
the sides of the test tube.
Phosphate Ammonium Yellow precipitate is Phosphate ion is

molybdate test: Add conc. formed present
Nitric acid to coconut water
and boil then add ammonium
molybdate solution to it.
TEST FOR THE PRESENCE
OF FOOD STUFF
Sr.No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Benedict’s test;- No precipitate is Reducing sugar
Benedict’s solution is
added to 5ml of Observed is absent
coconut water and
heated in water bath
for 5 minutes
2. Methylene Blue
test;- No decolourisati Reducing sugar

1-2 drops of on is observed is absent.
methylene blue is
added to coconut
Water.
4. CuSO4+NaOH
Test:-
Copper sulphate and A blue precipitate is Proteins and fats
NaOH is added to obtained are
Coconut water present
CONCLUSION
A) The pure sample of coconut water contains
respective ions:-
1. Chloride
2. Nitrate
3. Phosphate
4. Dichromate
5. Zinc
6. Magnesium
7. Potassium
8. Calcium
9. Sodium
B) The pure sample of coconut water is acidic in

nature.
C) The pure sample of coconut water contains
starch, oils and fats.
PRECAUTION
S
 Concentrated solutions should be handled with
immense care.
 Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing

each experiment.
 If chemicals come into contact with your skin or

eyes, flush immediately with copious.
 Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off

whenever you leave your workstation.
 Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are

heating at yourself or your neighbor.
 The experiments should be conducted at room

temperature.
BIBLIOGRAPH
Y
To complete this project I have taken help from the
following books and websites:-
1.www.google.com
2.www.wikipedia.com
3.Comprehensive Chemistry Class XII
4.Comprehensive Practical Chemistry Class XII

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CHEMISTRY

PREPARED BY:- GUIDED BY:-

who motivated, guided to and encouraged me at

chemicals needed for the experiments, else

project successfully. I also want to thank the lab

class XII bearing no- who is

going roll to appear for AISSCE-2020 has

session 2019-2020 as per the prescribed

syllabus of C.B.S.E., New Delhi.

Internal Examiner:_ Principal:_

External Examiner: Date:_

Potassium Freshly Yellow precipitate is K+ is

Oxalate ion A white precipitate is Oxalate ion is

Copper chips test:- evolved. present.

Heat a small quantity of

Brown ring test:- forms.

Phosphate Ammonium Yellow precipitate is Phosphate ion is

test;- No decolourisati Reducing sugar

B) The pure sample of coconut water is acidic in

 Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing

 If chemicals come into contact with your skin or

 Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off

 Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are

 The experiments should be conducted at room

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