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    Anemias

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    muzamilagha122
    Brief explanation of anemia.

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    Anemias

    Uploaded by

    muzamilagha122
    9 views17 pages
    Brief explanation of anemia.

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    Brief explanation of anemia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views17 pages

    Anemias

    Uploaded by

    muzamilagha122
    Brief explanation of anemia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Anemias

    Assist. Prof. Dr. M Ali


    MBBS 2-7-’24
    Anemias
    • “Deficiency of hemoglobin can result form too few
    RBC’s or too little Hb in cells”
    Blood loss or Iron deficiency Anemia

    Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia


    Causes of Aplastic anemia
    1. High dose radiation,
    2. Chemotherapy,
    3. Insecticides,
    4. Benzene in Gasoline,
    5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) &
    6. Idiopathic.
    Means loss of functioning bone marrow.
    Treatment of aplastic anemia
    • Temporary: Repeated transfusions
    • Permanent: Bone marrow transplantation
    Megaloblastic anemia

    Similarly deficiency of Folic acid can occur in Intestinal Spru.


    The RBC’s formed are too large, odd shaped & have fragile
    membrane called “Megaloblasts”.
    Other causes of megaloblastic anemia
    • Pernicious anemia &
    • Surgical gastrectomy
    Hemolytic anemias

    Hereditary spherocytosis
    is another condition.

    In sickle cell anemia


    Valine is substituted for
    Glutamic acid in one beta
    chain of Hemoglobin
    called Hb S.

    In Erythroblastosis foetalis
    Rh + cells from father
    is destroyed by antibodies
    from Rh – mother.
    Sickle cell crises obeys vicious
    cycle.
    In circumstances with poor oxygen
    tension
    Effects of anemia
    1. Increased work load of heart

    • Due to decrease viscosity &


    • Dilation of blood vessels due to tissue hypoxia

    • Result in increase in CO (cardiac output) 3-4


    times normal
    Effects of anemia
    2. Acute cardiac failure

    • During exercise
    CP/CBC
    • Decrease Hb,
    • Decrease RBC count &
    • Decrease PCV
    Morphological classification
    Thalassemia

    (irregular, microcytic &


    Hypochromic)

    Hereditary disorder
    Abnormal Hb

    • Alpha thalassemia:
    Abnormality in alpha
    chain, infancy
    • Beta thalassemia:
    More common,
    beta chains less or
    defective,
    precipitation during
    erythropoiesis or in
    mature RBCs
    G6PD deficiency anemia
    • Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase is first
    enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt
    • It helps glutathione reductase to prevent
    oxidative damage of cell
    COOMB’S test
    • Widely used
    • Cross matching,
    • Detecting unusual antibodies in patients
    serum &
    • Autoimmune hemolytic anemias
    • Direct & indirect
    Symptomatology
    Organ or system Symptoms
    Neuromuscular system Headache, dizziness, fatigue &
    weakness
    Metabolism Increase BMR
    Spleen Enlargement
    Digestion Anorexia, nausea, vomiting &
    stool color change
    Liver Enlargement
    Kidney Disturbed function & albuminuria
    Skin & mucosa Pale & yellowish
    Reproductive system Menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea or
    amenorrhea
    Heart Tachcardia, angina

    Respiration Hyperventilation & dyspnea


    Thank you
    Any question?

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